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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views51 pagesEca UNIT-2
Uploaded by
karthiksai9315Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 51
\ es AT ; ‘ oO
oh Feed back “Ampussien
Vinvecd af “Peodback -[Concep af Seed back’ |
# TH General, CBiCELC — Contiguecasion wich axnplryiex
Sroge toe iy po Chane Of aHeKing Input Impadane Ri,
Re, Corner os Nowuge Gate) bardlwideh .
& For & Longe — Signed @nnpuTie, dhe majos (Proves
is dBdoaln 3 aud Goin rus} be Iedepordbd of So veral
Moers Such as \auicstion |p dw DC Votiege Supay &
Nalues of Greuit Comoros
RAKE at diae one addioed by ford box. ? Patt!
e Cutput Sigel taron fiom Cutput of amplsiexr % 13
Cesasnac, iid Murr Input Signal g choveby feealback b
Getemptichad
8 Corsiticotion Of Basie Ampusies:
Je Gornaug, —amptqier fan be —brsendtg —claygigied {1H
D Vonage — Amptifier
D Convont pmprities
3 Foor Cond ues ance Arvehfie®
J pransveibdamce — peli fie¥
ae ’based on dhe magnitudes ef put Output \pedouee
amp, with Respect to de urce, (nod tempodance . © \wwoge Cur pl. FAK: « “Ah
> fig. Showa aa dwverinls
Soyuivatent Ot OF VA. Re
SIF RAR dren
VpeXe- us | ia
>Ty R>>R ch = :
Voz AW}. = Avie, RSS Re, Ryze RL.
| Vo 2 Ay Vs.
WN Repwesart am open Creu Vonage gain wlan REA.
~> Such Amp. catind VGA. % de propestioncting doesrtt clopend
Wagraude of &R,
> An Ideal Van should Rex, Reco Bub psoticary Radke,
Boxe RL
®Cuwont Pmpusvexr- “
getin Ideal Quxrort Amp. pis ="
doped 93° amps Usleeh fpavicles
jon Output Curent poop to A) @) ge $e
Ye Bera Cuwenl- 3 dm por.
Db \ndap. PF RoR.
Idea C.8-, Rr=0, Ro 00> =
Prooncal : RiZLRe, SSR. RE Mextoxts
| ole > Troxiniv's,
| eS + Ts
| Ts Weep: Of RoR,
‘Topwt gicla
REDD RS > T=Is,
Cutpul_giele
| Ro S4 RL > Vo = Rin Tf = Rv Is.
Rye No
| yy
be Rn LW O.C. tranpex Resisance .
for paaaiical Shoubyercrunce Ame, R2zRe, RzeR. ,
Chomaaiorisrics OF Jdloo! Bose Amp.
Powerwior | va | ca \Gentore. | RenAne:
} Rr! 0 6 ‘ob | O
j Ro 0 0 rd O
Fraveja Guia | Vez Aye | TERT: | T= Gas Vor Ranls, = 2 Baste Contept of feed bow] Feed bey compu rex J
|
| Sp tT
Ff Basic
Vi farnpyqt0K
Gain’ A
| Block Breigearn ap — cnmpusien. uot feed back .
B> Gein oP. bowle cpuicien = No
|B feedtoat ‘tio = :
Fre Gain of Pocdback ampteer = Vo
Neo Oe Shera) in ote Fnput sido we ox Nowege)
NE? Feed book signal Ceuamam or Voroge)
\ Posve’ Sood boar. '
> TF feed bucr Sige Vp a \aphue wry \b,
VEY 2 YEA YT Soe
Cad Gh Ave Ib.
i Es \b c Vo
Goin Ap E
| Wn
| \
CGE) FR) ee
Currcent ime é
poe hese |pp) SIA).
)-AR-
ai psoduel of — opon gain & focdbaee foie Casted
Lespgain: (= ag)
sp pps}, Ap =
*, Gio op camp. wish We Soedbowk B 2D g ce
Conpupiex Gives Gn Ae Cusp whine jp Sign) ad
lack a8 an aserllaber
sie fib tp Inexeater ae Inetabitidy op an ampuqic.
educa ha band widon 3% Moxeoses are disiowion, Noise -
>We Soedback blood ony ‘wo ase
Hegative feed bec:
TP dre food pack Sigras(\iis Out oP Pre wht
dre. input Signo (\B), chon ,
Ves lene.
Bo Pypued input Aonoge DB clhewened 3 OULPUE
cuss doxemsel, Monee Voirage Coin Reduced)
ands dupe OP Poccdbock colead Negetve oc daqenometve
Poodbosr .
A ~ Mo a \o
Gain, Ap = rs aye
= ee =
Mee Me
Yo Vo sate %
Ve \p
(%6)* (2)
\
(Ye)+ P
2 A
OP i tore [Ag] Qon Change
doll
IN Ty bye, RB OP deumsisia, &
keep ag Quajont hh Ve Fb, al BER a = : 4
= Ne“ fib Used > — \ropsove Porfocermnee Of amp.
=p TEN hoyP2 co Inovense —arclwideh, drenetse noiee.
J®% Abiostien, oredipy Rin Re ae cistved.
Saroplig Wejuork! -
> Nowege oc rede Sommplrg
Vonage joa Sample
yor
Curcrertt ole
helene: aa
‘ v (
Basic amplifier |’ Re
Cumont A loop samnpling . eae”
a [Feed buck weawack
| >t Conga of -fousive Siemens Like RG, L. 4“
bs Mestiy Ample -Reyishve Configuration 1 armplipias Cats
|
\g= Blo 3 Bb femlbatk free 0) fb Rout
|
i
\ hows ies to O71.
Woe eteeeeK',
Soxies — Compeuiaon:
|
i
|
i
|
|
Shunt Tajo, ee ©
Ratio 06 Gacy
Pty Gewat, de four baste poramarets ase,
Ov
@ Pr
@Gm
@ Ro
Srfor a feedback Amplsiex, dre — pancemmrexs ance
Op SPs OGep Okey.
Sole Loop food'hack Arnplipion!-
X-> Repsesens — Yevrige oc Carrsents Siar
Xp> Feedba ggral
xp ou prae Cre Pb)
Pron ene, Ps ds Considad ag om pre ap aropsiey
3 the Traneper gat AlAy, Ar Gm) Wreiudus Yo Specks
EF loocling af B retwock Upen amp. Bs feed bucr Aenplisrtax Toroiogiea\ [Twarsfey Gas thin feed baer
\ Based op dre dyre eR Sareplyg at — ourpuk sicke
& tyre af raveting ts drm tnput Side, Pead back — axnpuries
craysiped 1 40 foro topoioqies -
® Voviage- Sees foecipace 6 oxien Shunk feedlbowk
GCuven-Lories Leyback as Soave. Gores foodbavk
© Cuwent- hunt feedback o Shunt- orier feadaek
@ Vonage- shunt fetdback op gluint- Shes food hatr.
Sie loop Feedback ampusiar:.
X= AX
X= Xs Xp
fod |
eed pack
ampli For
B
% Noviesp Amp.
| [Vonage Shunt") ~ fshunt- Shent} > ‘Tents Paishewce Arp
(Cunont soriesS - ( sesies- genes) > Treas Corcluetonee Amp
Cewrent has’) - [shunt sous} Caner AvP a
Cronaowmatits§ op magdtive feed baok Ampu gras! ty
Te cchanioges of using Ve fib Amps” da
> Gotes stabilised Voraye Gain Poverast goin Rdured|
> Evabanced Fry. Response -
high input \mpedeunce
> LouRx Cuubpeit —Imped.
> Reduction in’ Mo'se.
> \novete \n Lnoonstty.
tre chawsue, op Ve fb amp & distumed ad.
DDesercitioation of saw ianion op Gri’ -
The =~ -Yorration = lua tp caging, Fempescttuwe, Ropacemens-
SM, Oh Grell Compenenis, 5 tt dhe ronal aha
Componorts (char) “Rests vi) unstable arp. ansfox Goin.
Fafa:
Oipfosentat© wrt p,
E- Simdo-tow
(itex)>
on
da + egy
df, = de
(se) | on = bens So -
asi ARatanety ) i
- iy % (ee
CE eee oe HPB-
ye anit (1408)
(+p py A
de = __(da/A)
ue (40>
die 25 Ain aarnpliney Noviege gain with 4Ib-
Ap
Cee ee
A
1 > onsitivay -
HAP
[des/ay J aca
+ Sonaitivity = Tey arse.
re Recipsocat oP (S) Catled pesanitly ()
Deo + AB.
- BP = bf
# 14pP D
ig )AR) >>) p
A” Op ' | —>Pem — abae Grin Snitvetty loperds on Fb Dw.
"| Sap Pb wo Comets Stable Plomanis, Sabuty 7.
| rhe —Sfeebiliy — needs, dre Gain rpensitve +0
Change fo prmielos — prsome} on.
| > FX Novege Seited amp: Fyp = ip.
40s Cuoment Sou amp: Gag = Ye. | Sratitized
—> Jos Coxtent Shunt amp: fap = Vp. Oa
‘Ip.
> Soo Vonage Shum amp: Rup =
© Extensen On Borduiden'-
(Re Grin oats fecback Fes an ompinex Sb
s A
Pe \+HB .
= Pra _ Pag
OB + B Omid.
_ _ Aow
Faw + BRow:
rip: Oh
4 B Phigh
Low Cub-of4 Gren
We Rowin wo fie 3h. on Gain ib
Pow —!
Ama Int 3) Bigo = Dai @
IJ (B)
Usk deat Phen © Pow
YER Flow.
Sucre Flow, 0 Apow — Soyn
Enid
+
Jers)
Aroid
(+ pA) ~ 3 [8
Dividing ‘runocesos, Dermmncta, — by (1+ BAmA)
Pew =:
Pew i cabo Ke Bla i [ts ivi vets Pei # ar
1-d [G2 i
1+ BA
a Ay mid
SEs
i [ea
F l St Pp tow s oe eee <
Armia 1-J (5)
whe de Lowek — Cut-off rey tat feed ae
.
| a
TT
fi= (BA (5)
swe Can Say dhat, Sig (owes Cuttoge Frey. win Pb
48 Yost gr ower cutop grey, to Sb by dra. fact
OF C14 B Ani)
-. By Inreduotnig “Ve Phy Lower Gray yeapse of
lamp. is \wpeoved.
NWS fox upp Con-Ofy fron,
Phi GE)
Siriias ops Forowed dy ALOE redid,
Re \
v fig = Cot Poa BF ve
Po i Qeontox gran UPR CLO BH tp eb tol 1h BD
‘nto of Ve fb, dhe hgh diay Papers jenpoved .
Goéo
fy di, _8v —_sf, Fig fay :
4 ey!
Bw= Sy-h, Brop= typ Ap
= (i+ Ania Pf, i
"Blog = Bw (1+ Amig BD
spb oboe = tks oak Shut Buy >> BIO
=o, fs die Vonage. fe oy of fib amp. Yeduec®
wy dm fuck CAB), Ws bandiesdan — Inewensex bu CHB)
Pip x Bip = PX Bw.
= a B)
“DP ahve 8 kay ab) Uppes Cabo fuer. gO oo
®@wWeise Reducdion +
R-Ve Fb — Rechwces MTSE Of.
i
\niexfeence Of Gan amp.
by \nosensing vedio of = Sianal to yooisey tote bs posible
ony tree Coxtautin Condiaion
Ny a
Ne o pr Vo
\e=ilp signal, Vn = nolse Stgral, Yor orp Sp.
{Assume to oddold)
g. Me
N Vo
+
Bi Vo
\k , .
P
Te lp Nowoge ia. Catertoued by
Vo = Ve. Fie yy,
\t A Aap inifap .
, Tus dre Sjm ato becomes,
Ve, Piha
<= > Seme . Mea
Vo. Pn Yo
140.82 B - Ve
a7 eA
Vo hs
tahich Bo Ap times Weslor dren ocgivat Case.
> Ry Conne onng woise fie amp. bene pony Siewe
wl Cippicadion cp ye Tp, Sin Impoved.
> Sin 4, wolee LB Reduced.
®Reduatlon \n (040 syrrooey cLisioxston!:
No
Fron (o, Foner chat F amp.
wien Ay changing Gorn 000 to 100,
loo to 0. ei
polows Sudden ducxewe in gain
dx well os Non- Lincay
Idistoxtion. - at OP
2Fom (i), -ve fib B=0-0)
Orpued 4 cump., gran OMe
Blope Of Steepest Seg. B @® = Gain Reduction wlo Fb-
fig? f02_ 2 909, WD ow.
14 (1000x0-01)
Ppyehs len ae e5
1+-(100 X0.01)
wo fb 2 Gain Reduced by WOO —> 100 —> 0°
winkh ont ” 4 90.9 — s+50-—> 0.
2 Pr voay by usitg Ve fb, Py is Reduced, 4
Juwond = yratejoured: (Lox toon Lynaatlty), Fos cn cmp, Dp = Tae Dy 4< Dz *
Dy = Aistovron twidn Seed baok .
D = Aisdoion wo fib.
Behe OF wegatwe Peak an |npub Pesatance!-
Wien ve fe sk Felbor 40 go tip SUB
eaigy VE, am RB ;
Sime Vp oppose8 Vg, che Ty beconws WS 2 dre
frput Resishance — win Pb Rp Wola; > R (wo 92)
fs 0 Vonage, 3 Consens genies Py
Rp = RCRA) = RO
then ve Pb Signal Pel back ty dt Wp tp
Share -wieh appied Siem, Ry i dooveased .
Sime -Ts=T+Ip, deo to bt, 8
Rp = a becorws srmauien dan Re (wre Pp)
Hence Fx Novage, Curent Shunt Peed back
Ripe Rita) = Rilo.
as
Ts Gy = T+dp
i
- eo Te Pel
ieee ee
sees
+ F . : ©
a. Tn Geroiad, In feedback amp. Series rrioeing at tie
© |mput tends fo \noxease {ym Anput Resistance g shunt
Tricking — fonds to clooxecse tye Jnput Rosisrance .
@vowoge seeive feedback!
Bee gh ie Te
FP Me 3
ere es alo A
UD, BMI !
Ve Ri DS (OR Vo
! i
ia |
PERE Yo ey
~\We t at
\p = pve ae are ee |
Rog Rep
<¥*
Re a
Gorn ip, olp Crest © —Repewed by its Thouinivig veel,
Fy Represenss. Open Creal Vonage gain baring ke
lo cerount -
Considos Re to be de post op amp droga
ave discussion.
Bpey KWL to Ne Side,
—Vo +Vp + \p 50°
Nee MANE \e= HG 4N
\ec TRI FB
Te lr Vonuge,
es Wee
Rot RL
te - \fe rf = Vo = Py Re
Vo = Ay: Ve. , Ay im Ve Rot R..
Bubstiiwe Vy in above qn,
Vee DR + BAv VS
® Ree ee RbreAy)
ip 7
> Ay Repesenis Voviege Jai w/o Pb towing Octownt
OF OR.
D> Pry Ropwama Seed back only.
Ag= Lun py
D0, Convent goiies Reed back’ @
‘Ie Ost —> Thovinin’s
Op Ost —> qaoton's.
1
ee
'
'
,
1
)
'
'
T
Rr a Grit R RL
Rppw KVL on Ip,
Ve= GR+\e Sc Ar Who $b
Ri into exceount-
!. Dp= um
f aoe At
Notage- Shunt feed) book!
Sop Ost —> (ortor's rmndel.
Output Ost —> tharbnin's modal.
'
1
'
1
'
’
'
!
wy r ®
f +L a
g = Ar. Ty. © Ary Kc lo Aye input Side, ue ek
Tg = G4 Ip Tp + BNo
(tie totat — oeetptl Newicue ib ersitten at
| Vp = (nt) &
| Ror RE
| = Rua Wdene y= Yee Rie
| Tp Rothe
| Subsite dre Value OF Ye In abme ke. any
| Te = T+ BRu Dy
= Ty (it BRn)
The inpul Resisianee wich Secdbace gion ak
Rip = Nee Ve
Ts G48 Rw) Tt
= Re
(+ PRM)
Rn > 0.0 teansvesistone wn fib.
Ru 0.¢ 7 wio $b taking Re i Acrouns,
Roe Di Ry.
RA 7
Eerecs on Negabive Poedacr on Output Resistance,
Gronmiaig, in Poed loaek amptisioy,
7 Nowage Seumpirg ag Output —> doosense cp
Resistance .
S Rep < J.
—> Ceucsont Sampivg @ olp —> |neveare ofp Reatsl -
c Rep >®).
D\onage - Sexies Seed bax!
Rep CResdlane With Seed bee looong 19 the olp)
Obtained by -
F iscormecting RC. R, =)
R By rewing Awerrat Source Vow? fo 0 C\g=)
R Repace “Vo by Vy
Rov Reg = Vr | ApeU KVL to fim cubput Stole, *
~ ByVi- TRe AV =O
gic Ve Av
Ro
the input \iowage & wetten as
—\p i vr =o
Wee Np == BY C629)
“Bustitue Vp in de abwe 9a0.
t= V+ Ave
Ro
T= V+ 8) |
Ro:
Re = Le _h + Py 20.c. By Wwherowt
1 \+p Pv. Considax RL.
Now Considlar RL,
Rog = Rog. IIR.
Rep FR
oc Ro
(Fas) a
a bes ) FR
®+ BAY —
ova, 0 eee
’ ° = ByRe pave.
RHR + BARL
pwidiag ourraedes y ctinsog by (B+k)
e CR RL)/ CRF RD
~
Sy pay R/ (RHR)
a Ro RL a DyR
Re SE, Wye Ne
Rot Re : Rot Re.
fy> oe. Av Congdon:
OF RL.
Notage- Shunt Peed book’
fos Aoiing Rep
~> R200 Ve disconnect
> fo be. ex Sounte Sign to 0.
> Yo Repneed by V. ray Ke On cukpud Sider
qe Ve Rim Ver
R
Wp Cuwers Tp= =Tp = - BV ( fy=0)
Sub. Ty tim above eq
t= V> Ro TR
|
:
Ro RK Rm-
= VO+ BRm
Ro +
Rep = Vv. _ & Rod Oc. teas Raic |
LT \4B Re Wlo RL.
Consictox Re as & Powt
Rep = Rep //RL.
Rp= WRI AR
1+ BRR /Crethi)
Rp: gs BR
I+ BRro oO Ro RL
; -
} (ore
Ry = 1+ 6 Ra.
14 BRm-
Ry 0c. Treats cord
wih Be , ers ee = f
X Epcot on Ne Fb fon” RP Rote 2
a Tr Sth amp, gortee maiceng — ct dre Inpue Aerts
to \neweee dye Mnpetl Resistance \
Ry a Ne
wy
|
| In Fb amp shunt miottg ak de YP ford
to daccense dre Wnpvt Resisrance -
“Re a Nie
fx geties miodng.
[Vorage gerits § Cunen gosta feed back |
Rp = W C+ pA) = RD-
Roe Shunk miing.
Cvonage Shunt % Cun ent” Strsnt aie).
Re= R/O4+pm = Rio.
a Procedwe do And Rip em
(M\ovoge SWE Fb OD Se-sh CH) Nbila,e Pmp'-
He & lp Repsesent ly -thovining. ome
DCwcen SUB Flb (OO Se-se (06) Gm Amp.
ip Ost > Thwxinine ofp —S peottorls |
@Currt- shunt Fld Gs) Shunt - Ses) Cum: Pmp. |
itp % Olp —> pucrtons
By onEge Seu Sb) Sh-sh @) Rm Are’
a | HO Ip —s post lp > Thovtis »
Ts,
& Genercters, O Apay kvL Cov series) (oc) KCL Chor Shunk) nw Ca
bo dye \npur sido og And Ne.
®Ard culpa VoHage (Shunt) Cox) Cworent Cewies)
OOO@SS Ry .
® Pry an dm Nowe In Re.
Rocedurse ¢o Rnd Rop ‘«
> Nenoge — Sampuing © ofp ——> Rog choventéS .
—> Crnsont Sampirg @ ofp ___»s Rep Inoxearys .
. Nowouge Samp. oe
Conmort Samp. Rp = Re CIHPB).
© Viseonrect KR (Rea)
® 82° apery Volnoge mare WO.
G Repree Vo by. V.
® Rep = Wr. ‘Sept: (Tenby doporegy) - tyre Of Pred perk
| @ao fd dm tyre af Sampliry nerwwask .
—>By Shoilyy te oubpub If Pp signal beconus 0
tion Wb & Aeted "“Youiage — Sameuing.”
“> By Oporing tw oubpuk loop If Ph syf becomes o
Yon i 3 catid- "ceyrcom Sempung'
| @s Ard ce tyre of odin nobiessk
STP te Pb Sigmt B Subpaicled fom Sxtorrailly
pitied Signa as a Yowoge tn dre Up Lop canted “sees
ioc” fom 28
“sap dp fh} Sigal gublacred
pried cigna GB Caent In te leop Catal “Stunt win
Step @ To find \nput Crseust’,
fos Vorioge Sampury, tre olp Nowage D
wwode Qos by Sraxting de OlP-
> Fo Cuxcont Sampiing, dre Ole Cumont Brenda
20m by opening dre al LoP*
Bop se: To And te outkpul Creel
> Fo, cosieg locity, die input Covent acta 0
by opening de input Loop
“> Shunt wiguiy, dw inpul \onege B rude ©
by Skoxting dm Input.
os ‘sepa. Repace adh ogine dovice by Vis Wh Famctmncrey a
rosel @ low fray.
Steps: Find Or de open Leop gain (Gain wofo PF) of dhe
arp.
igtopt. Find Feed back Patho’ Be $1
|
Slept, ror PB Sind ig, Ap, Rep, Rap “Heed ieok topology g feed racx ©
Cann Shunt Vonage — Shunt-
@-> thoenine ‘Sayts. cnet
®—> pworto's Squ. ort. ENG
Aoatusis OF Pead\ back Arapuifives ag
Orenoge- Sues feedback"
ae Heamples CP oreo Series topoingy is
BIT Common — Covteo}or ampllsfiex (Snisiox Fouowes’)
BIT Gwriiex Gow Os be-
Nee. ae Fos Vonage Sees Fb mans
Sules- shunt - { retoing dy Bust)
% Sammping is SWE OS),
yeviae Te | Fendlbaek
Siyval Vp aoe Re 3 Sampled
- Sign? 1) Vo Oo’ Re
RK Based on above, Ws Chore drat
© B Voge souls. te, Barmpred
Signod Arvectiy bakon Soro OP g
fb 18 \n gourd. :
To And input Crude: Sof co, Ve Sens With Re.
did. Base, Sminaex-
‘to - Rird Dakped Cremwh! Ber ft; =T,=0 (ocd), Re Opprass
ony on olp. ~
Ampupior wie Pp. ‘ sete Yeo Gveuid hace de yuu «Oat ofp
Yepaiy gm baunwiviok bY LES low fhaq. — aLppsostinncd
De poncearehox reat
&
Penn abxe Vp, No One eyeat,
; Ro Ros.
8, Be 4 =). Sable Vi (CO)
yee.
p,= Xe = Meiko ©
¥
ve Yo ;
Vpe Tp Re
(e+ hie) S
pe Re
Py f+ hie.
D= Wh pAy
= 4 Of We Re “ey
(Be thie )° Pel, pe Bt het tye Re
Ro + hie.
Te None Gato twig Seed buck,
Bye = fy Yre Re
ab Bethe + hye Re
V8 Wye Re >>Ret bre, Pyp 2), shows — Unldy fan 08 cc
Bu
Input Resistance’. (wio fy)
Rr Rt he.
with Pb. R= RD = Rt Prp)
= (Rete) ( i he hye fe)
(Rat Wie)
Re = Re thie + hpe Re
Ourput Resistance’, wie Ri)
Rop = Re <2 ( ante Vireo, T; 20°)
I+ pay ay
\ncorerminent grem, So Cafeutctle Ros. frye): Cwich
Consrctong — onc ( )
, ut = + het hye Re @ Rye Rite
op = din Rep. = S Be tine
Corin OA 21 OR? OR > A
(Cument- Serves $Ib!- ®
Brample af Curse Seetes fh bs — Cormnron Qe wig
Re i Siege jour.
Ce .
Common Swi -toldh Rel ;
Nee. > oi SeHi®-
—> Corson Soules
Sib Sgt Vp Conese Re F Sarapied
Ca Sf te lord Corser To
ft > Samped signal Ds Cussens (32818)
rioting iw A Nonege (seve)
Ye
| shous -Cunsen Sedes Fb-
le Ost
woke Not O* Re exppaciss
&
on inpu See
Vo -y Olp ot,
open de |p Loop, algae
Re cppans on Op -
= No, ground mndlicnt® » c1gaun
this Re Nebekr velnbodewe
dhe fib to Tonk ower, Widh
Takitg B \nto actounl « 2
RT bev Creat —-Repwosenis ane toons arog
ode fies Repretyy We ow eequances he powannaer mnadtop,
FTW Lopeiegies — Stewbilings dm teanesconsteat ance aun
Qu,
Roe gs
= Ne. ‘Re a
Poe Re nok
Aine Vii =\e, (wy v)
Gay a Grn S cto
= rhpeT
\s
= thye tb
Ty, CRet We+ Re)
Gy .= ~ hye
Rothe +Re We DeserBinni y gwen by,
De 1+ BGm
cia bye Ro
Rst hie + Re
© = Bere tthe) me |,
B+hie + Re
fhe baneionduetance — swith Poectlwor ,
Gp = Go
D
ae a ee
Rether Crelpe) Re
[Ve Re >> R+hie, @ Since Vine $4
Gp = =
“Re
= 1» 8 iF Re & Stabe, Grmg &
Uso Skabitoe. (i.e. pesonsinized)
Te (eed Cerwens Given by,
Ty = Grp Ve
= bet ns pa \s
Rethie +0thpe Re
Ns
Re Undo tnd Condtiaton
(1+bpe) Re >S Rett, pe 55)
Ty
Re
Pap = Ty RL
\e
c Crp. Re
Bye ~ Me Re
Rot hie+Cithpe) Re.
\npuk Resistance wjo
Te Fass. w. Ser Rip = Ryd = Ret ie + (lt hpe)Re
Op Reistonre wo. ep: (widout R)
le Resielanee op amp w-flb WR Rep = Pil Rep = RL
2 | Rop = RL = ® (H4Hée
eee)
Conetusion’:
OGm &. Indep. op Ry,
OR *
© ® K Cuncant- shunt Seed baer’ eo)
pT Aiguwe shows {wo ce ampusiess in Cascade
vlen feedback taken — som — dw " gecord transiging = Arittor
to te Pst tewnsigin reise trough dhe Foedh parck
Resists R =
Rap.
(‘Seeord aan Satter fp st beans
bao fb Pain’)
sp Fom aloe Wt, -O1P OP Qy (Vin >> VA), boon
ane iy (30 Cub OP prose .
se Vea Bb Vous longer magnitude (C@) chon Viy ¥
180 pre with Ve. fo fird input Ort :
open dw olp OF o> R) eis Re
So Sd CubpAe ot, Shoting de Lp extChme Of @)
| LR Re
REO Corent-Shunt (Shunt Sua) —> tps T, Olp-T.
toon Ropiaced by Movstorts Soyuivoutons
Aralygis: tegeotng ST, Compan utr Teo, “bx > >Vi)
Tp = Vo=Ven Neo
x! R!
Sy = GreteRe 2. gee Re IPR
Rr ‘
S. \pe Re To
; Ra Re Jg2 Bs pe Re] Rare
mbon above Lf x1, shows Sxampe Of Curent -Shunt
Kl cmp get = Sabine de Cunvoni Gain,
ahr Ropaceed Cl, Os by Vs Cow — Bony, opproseirate
h- Paowumetay mada
air
Ag = ca ;
= opteo Tn, Dey,
Terre Tg ge Ta,
Dyes ee Ray, pe R
Rey t Rio Rene
oo Mie t Cl+-hpe) (Rese)
B= Bell WR)
= WRAL ~ BF Re | the+6)
Aap: Bt
ype Jes