Jan 2015 p-1
Jan 2015 p-1
                                Physics
                                Unit: KPH0/4PH0
                                Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
                                Paper: 1P
                                Wednesday 14 January 2015 – Afternoon                            Paper Reference
                                                                                             KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
                                Time: 2 hours                                                KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
                        Instructions
                        t Use   black ink or ball-point pen.
                        t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
                          centre number and candidate number.
                        t Answer    all questions.
                        t Answer    the questions in the spaces provided
                          – there may be more space than you need.
                        t Show    all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
                        t your mind
                          Some    questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
                                        about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
                                your new answer with a cross   .
                        Information
                        t The total mark for this paper is 120.
                        t – use this asfora guide
                          The marks          each question are shown in brackets
                                                  as to how much time to spend on each question.
                        Advice
                        t Keep
                          Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
                        t Write anyoureyeanswers
                                           on the time.
                        t Try to answer everyneatly       and in good English.
                        t Check your answersquestion.
                        t                          if you have time at the end.
                                                                                                                   Turn over
P44250A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
                                              *P44250A0132*
1/1/1/1/1/
                                               EQUATIONS
                          1                                               1
       frequency =                                                  f =
                     time period                                          T
                 work done                                                W
       power =                                                      P=
                 time taken                                               t
                 energy transferred                                       W
       power =                                                      P=
                    time taken                                            t
   2
                                *P44250A0232*
                                       Answer ALL questions.
                                                                                                  3
                                *P44250A0332*                                               Turn over
2 Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays have different properties.
             (a) Complete the table by ticking the correct type of radiation for each property.
                           The first one has been done for you.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Type of radiation
                                                              Property
                                                                                                                                       alpha particles                                                          beta particles                                                               gamma rays
most ionising 3
largest mass
most penetrating
highest speed
negatively charged
                                                                                                                                                                                      4
                                                                                                                                                                                                Į
                                                                                                                                                                                      2
                           (i) State the number of neutrons and the number of protons in an alpha particle.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                           (ii) Suggest why alpha radiation is more ionising than beta or gamma radiation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
              4
                                                                                                             *P44250A0432*
             (c) A smoke alarm contains a source of alpha particles and a detector.
                           The alpha particles reach the detector through a sample of air from the room.
                           The alarm sounds if there is a sudden drop in the detector reading.
                           This graph shows changes in the detector reading.
                                                                                                                                                                                                     alarm
                                                                                                                                                                                                     sounds
                                                                              detector
                                                                              reading
0 time
                           (iii) Suggest why fewer alpha particles reach the detector if there is a fire.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5
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3 (a) Which statement about sound waves is correct?
                                                                                       (1)
       A sound waves cannot be reflected
       B sound waves are electromagnetic
       C sound waves are longitudinal
       D sound waves are transverse
   (b) A microphone is connected to a data logger, which displays each sound wave as a graph.
       The diagrams show the graphs for two different sound waves.
Sound wave P
Sound wave Q
   6
                             *P44250A0632*
(i) The amplitude of sound wave Q is
                                                                                                                             (1)
   A larger than the amplitude of sound wave P
   B smaller than the amplitude of sound wave P
   C the same as the amplitude of sound wave P
   D zero
frequency = .............................................................. Hz
                                                                                                                                    7
                      *P44250A0732*                                                                                           Turn over
4 The diagram shows some people waiting in a queue at a supermarket.
person X
checkout
   The queue moves forward each time a person leaves the checkout.
   Person X spends seven minutes in the queue before reaching the checkout.
   The graph shows how distance changes with time for person X.
                       4
           distance
             in m      3
                       0
                           0    1   2     3    4     5    6       7   8
                                        time in minutes
   8
                               *P44250A0832*
             (a) (i) What is the initial length of the queue?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                           (ii) Explain how you could use the graph to work out the number of times person X
                                is stationary.
                                                                                                            (2)
             (b) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                9
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5 The diagram shows a chimney over a furnace.
             A coal fire is burning in the furnace.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          chimney
             Air moves into the furnace and up the chimney.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              furnace
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   air in
coal fire
            10
                                                                                                       *P44250A01032*
6 A student uses a digital calliper to measure the diameter of a knitting needle.
                                                                                                  digital
                                                                                                  calliper
                knitting
                needle
                                                                                                                                         11
                            *P44250A01132*                                                                                         Turn over
(b) The student finds more knitting needles, some of which are shown in the photographs.
Each knitting needle is marked with a number that indicates its size.
                                    Number on
                                                      Diameter
                                     knitting
                                                       in mm
                                      needle
14 2.00
12 2.75
10 3.25
8 4.00
6 5.00
4 6.00
            7
            6
            5
diameter 4
in mm
         3
            2
            1
            0
                 1    2    3    4    5       6    7   8    9     10 11 12 13 14
                                    number on knitting needle
12
                          *P44250A01232*
                           (i) Name the type of chart used by the student.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                           (ii) Explain why the data is best displayed using this chart rather than another
                                type of graph.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                           (iii) Describe the relationship between the number on a knitting needle and
                                 its diameter.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              13
                                                                                                       *P44250A01332*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
7 The photograph shows a car tyre that needs to be inflated.
   14
                             *P44250A01432*
             (b) Use ideas about molecules to explain why the air inside the tyre exerts pressure.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (3)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              15
                                                                                                       *P44250A01532*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
8 (a) A student investigates the energy transfers in a small generator.
        She connects the generator to a circuit that includes a lamp.
        She hangs a mass from a string wound around the axle.
        The lamp lights as the mass falls to the ground.
generator axle
ruler
mass
mass 2.75 kg
        (i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
                                                                                                                                           (1)
        (ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy, GPE, lost by the mass.
                                                                                                                                           (2)
                                                                  GPE = .............................................................. J
   16
                             *P44250A01632*
                           (iii) Explain why only some of the gravitational potential energy of the mass is
                                 transferred to the lamp.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
             (b) Water from a reservoir can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.
                           Describe the energy transfers involved in this process.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (3)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              17
                                                                                                       *P44250A01732*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
9 The volume of a piece of brass is 16.3 cm3.
   A student measures its mass using an electronic balance.
   The mass of the brass is 138 g.
   (a) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
                                                                                                                                           (1)
   (b) The student notices that the electronic balance has a zero error, so it shows
       mass readings that are all slightly too small.
        This means that the density value is
                                                                                                                                           (1)
   18
                             *P44250A01832*
10 A student plans to measure the resistance of a piece of wire.
             He sets up this circuit and finds that it does not work.
piece of wire
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              19
                                                                                                       *P44250A01932*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
(b) The student uses a correct circuit to obtain these results.
0.00 0.0
0.24 1.5
0.71 4.5
0.89 6.0
1.00 7.5
1.10 9.0
     (i) Plot a graph to show the relationship between current and voltage for the wire.
                                                                                           (5)
20
                         *P44250A02032*
                           (ii) Find the current when the voltage is 2.5 V.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                                          from range 0.39 to 0.41
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                           (iv) Describe what else the student should do to find an accurate value for the
                                resistance of the piece of wire at a constant temperature.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (4)
                     the student should use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the wire. to maintain constant
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                     temperature of the wire, he should use water bath. He should repeat the experiment at constant
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                     t
                     temperature and should use the linear part of the graph. using the gradient of the linear part of
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                     the graph he can find the accurate value for the resistance of the wire
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              21
                                                                                                       *P44250A02132*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
11 A student plans to measure the refractive index of glass.
             She traces a ray of light through a glass block as shown in the diagram.
                                                                                                                                                                                  A
                                                                                                                                                                           B
                                                                                                                                                                                                      C
                                                                                                                                                                                            D
             (b) Explain how the student can use the glass block to find an accurate value for the
                 refractive index of glass.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (4)
            22
                                                                                                       *P44250A02232*
12 The diagram shows a box attached to a parachute, falling at constant velocity.
             (b) Explain, in terms of forces, why the box and parachute fall at constant velocity.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (4)
      initially the resultant force acting on the box is his weight which is acting downwards, so he at first
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
      accelerates downwards. but air drag on it increases with his speed, so resultant force decreases.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
      and acceleration also decreases. At some point the air drag on the box is equal to the weight, hence the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
      resultant force acting on the box is zero, so his acceleration is also zero and his velocity becomes constant
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              23
                                                                                                       *P44250A02332*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
13 A golfer practises hitting balls on a golf course.
             (a) Ball X rolls along level ground, as shown in the diagram.
                           (i) Add labelled arrows to the diagram to show the directions of two of the forces
                               acting on ball X.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                           (ii) Explain why ball X slows down and stops.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (3)
            24
                                                                                                       *P44250A02432*
             (c) The mass of ball Y is 45 g.
                           The golfer gives the ball 36 J of kinetic energy when he hits it.
                           (i) State the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                       *P44250A02532*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
14 A student investigates how to produce a voltage.
   He hangs a magnet from a spring, above a coil that is connected to a data logger.
spring
                                                  N
                                                       magnet
                                                   S
          data logger
                                                                coil
   (a) The student pulls the magnet through the coil to X and then releases it.
        The magnet moves up and down through the coil.
        The data logger produces this graph of voltage against time.
1.5
                         1.0
              voltage
               in mV
                         0.5
0 time
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
   26
                               *P44250A02632*
                           (i) Explain why the data logger records a varying voltage.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (2)
                           (ii) Which feature of the graph shows that the voltage is alternating?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27
                                                                                                       *P44250A02732*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Turn over
(b) The student repeats the experiment using two magnets taped together.
spring
                                              N N
                                                     two magnets
                                              S S
coil
     Compared to one magnet, these two magnets take a longer time to move up and down.
     The dotted line on the grid shows the original graph for one magnet.
     On the same grid, sketch the graph that would be produced using two magnets.
                                                                                     (3)
                         1.5
                         1.0
              voltage
               in mV
                         0.5
0 time
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
28
                         *P44250A02832*
15 In 1969, astronauts left a reflector on the surface of the Moon.
site of reflector
                        ray of light
                        from Earth
                                                                                                    29
                            *P44250A02932*                                                   Turn over
(b) The speed of light in a vacuum is 300 000 km/s.
     The average time for a ray of light to travel to the Moon and back is about 2.6 s.
     Show that the Moon is about 400 000 km from the Earth.
                                                                                          (3)
(c) Scientists measure the time for the light to travel to the Moon and back very accurately,
    but the time is different every day.
     The graph shows how these times change over the period of one month.
2.75
2.70
2.65
             time
              in s   2.60
2.55
2.50
                     2.45
                        1 Feb       8 Feb       15 Feb    22 Feb     1 Mar
date of reading
30
                            *P44250A03032*
                           (i) Suggest what can be deduced about the orbit of the Moon from the information
                               in the graph.
                                                                                                          (3)
                           (ii) The scientists also discovered that the average time for light to travel to the
                                Moon and back increases gradually every year.
                                         What further information does this give about the orbit of the Moon?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (1)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31
                                                                                                       *P44250A03132*
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     *P44250A03232*