THE COLLEGE PANDA Most of the data for Neighborhood B are at the ends and are much more spread out from the mean, which, because the bar graph is symmetrical, we can estimate to be 3 cars, The data for Neighborhood A, on the other hand, are more clustered towards the low end, where the mean is. Therefore, the standard deviation for Neighborhood B is larger. Answer |(B) | CHAPTER EXERCISE: Answers for this chapter start on page 310. ‘A calculator is allowed on the following questions. TEE oer 6s Te Be: | ‘The average height of 14 students in one classis | g 63 inches. The average height of 21 students in gt another class is 68. If the two classes are 3 | combined, what is the average height, in inches, g | of the students in the combined class? g 2} A) 645 Zz B) 6 0 OQ 6 PS 0 Pm PP D) 665 SLPS Sf Books read EL | the histogram above shows the number of books read last year by 20 editors at a publishing Kristie has taken five tests in science class. The company. Which of the following could be the average of all five of Kristie's test scores is 94. ‘median number of books read by the 20 editors? The average of her last three test scores is 92. What is the average of her first two test scores? a a BR y ov B) 9% D) 2 ov D) 98 27 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 227CHAPTER 25. STATISTICS es Miss World Titleholders eoeceeene 8 19 20 21 “2 Bh Age (years) The dotplot above shows the distribution of ages for 24 winners of the Miss World beauty pageant at the time they were crowned. Based on the data, which of the following is closest to the average (arithmetic mean) age of the winning Miss World pageant contestant? A) 19 B) 20 o 2 b) 2 BB 2 See Locks are sections of canals in which the water level can be mechanically changed to raise and lower boats. The table below shows the number of locks for 10 canals in France: Name | # Locks Aisne | 27 Alsace | 25 |" Rhone 5 Centre | 30 [Garonne | 23 | Lalinde | 27 | (3 32. Ea 93 29 Removing which ofthe following two canals from the data would result in the greatest decrease in the standard deviation of the number of locks in each canal? A) Aisne and Lalinde: B) Alsace and Garonne C) Centre and Midi D)_ Rhone and Vosges SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 228THE COLLEGE PANDA The tables below give the distribution of travel times between two towns for Bus A and Bus B ‘over the same 40 days. Bus A Travel time (minutes) | Frequency a 5 5 10 a [5 | so 10 BusB ‘Travel time (minutes) | Frequency | Bo | 5 | 30 10 35 15 40 10 Which of the following statements is true about the data shown for these 40 days? A) The standard deviation of travel times for Bus A is smaller. B) The standard deviation of travel times for Bus Bis smaller. C) The standard deviation of travel times is, the same for Bus A and Bus B. D) The standard deviation of travel times for Bus A and Bus B cannot be compared with the data provided. SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 229 10 Number of kayaks oH etuaroe 45 46 474849 Weight (in pounds) ‘The bar chart above shows the distribution of ‘weights (to the nearest pound) for 19 kayaks made by Company A and 19 kayaks made by ‘Company B. Which of the following correctly ‘compares the median weight of the kayaks made by each company? A) The median weight of the kayaks made by ‘Company A is smaller. B) The median weight of the kayaks made by ‘Company B is smaller. ©) The median weight of the kayaks is the same for both companies. D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. ‘Temperature (°F) | Frequency 60. 3 a 4 6 4 a 10 7 7 The table above gives the distribution of low temperatures for a city over 28 days. What is the median low temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), of the city for these 28 days? 229CHAPTER 25 STATISTICS 1 BS Sse Se A shoe store surveyed a random sample of 50 customers to better estimate which shoe sizes should kept in stock. The store found that the median shoe size of the customers in the sample is 10 inches. Which of the following statements must be true? A) The sum of all the shoe sizes in the sample is 500 inches. B) The average of the smallest shoe size and the largest shoe size in the sample is 10 inches C) The difference between the smallest shoe size and the largest shoe size in the sample is 10 inches. D) Atleast half of the customers in the sample have shoe sizes greater than or equal to 10 inches. A food company hires an independent research agency to determine its product's shelf life, the length of time it may be stored before it expires. | Using a random sample of 40 units of the product, the research agency finds that the product's shelf life has a range of 3 days. Which of the following must be true about the units in| the sample? A) Allthe units expired within 3 days. B) ‘The unit with the longest shelf life took 3 days longer to expire than the unit with the shortest shelf life. ©) The mean shelf life of the units is 3 more than the median D) The median shelf life of the units is3 more than the mean. 230 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 1 , ee See 5 6 7 8 9 0 Integers ‘The graph above shows the frequency distribution of alist of randomly generated integers between 5 and 10. Which of the following correctly gives the mean and the range of the list of integers? A) Mean = 7.6, Range = 4 B) Mean = 7.6, Range =5 ©) Mean = 82, Range D) Mean = 82, Range CE a as Quiz [1 [2[3f4a[s{ol7] Score [87 | 75] 90 [85 | 98 [87 [91 ] ‘The table above shows the scores for Jay’s first seven math quizzes. Which of the following are true about his scores? 1. The mode is greater than the median, Il, The median is greater than the mean. I, The range is greater than 20. A) Tonly B) Mlonly ©) Mand tt D) 1,1 andl 230Eee = {mam School A Number of classes 192 3 4 «5 Number of films shown The bar chart above shows the number of films shown in class over the past year for 19 classes in School A and 15 classes in School B. Which of the following correctly compares the mean and median number of films shown in each class for the two schools? A) The mean and median number of films shown in each class are both greater in School A. B) ‘The mean and median number of films shown in each class are both greater in School B. ©) The mean number of films shown in each, lass is greater in School A, but the median is the same in both schools. D) The mean and median number of films shown in each class are the same in both, schools. Calories in Meals 500 | 500 | 520 | 550 | 55% '550 | 550 | 600 | 600 | 900 The table above lists the number of calories in each of Mary's last 10 meals. If 900-calorie ‘meal that she had today is added to the values listed, which of the following statistical measures of the data will not change? 1. Median Il, Mode IIL, Range A) Land ILonly B) [and Il only ©) Mand ttl only D) 1,1, and Mt 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Gas mileage (miles per gallon) The dotplot above gives the gas mileage (in miles per gallon) of 15 different cars. If the dot representing the car with the greatest gas mileage is removed from the dotplot, what will happen to the mean, median, and standard deviation of the new data set? A) Only the mean will decrease. B) Only the mean and standard deviation will decrease C) Only the mean and median will decrease. D) The mean, median, and standard deviation will decrease. SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 231CHAPTER 26 STATISTICS IL CHAPTER EXERCISE: Answers for this chapter start on page 312. A calculator is allowed on the following | BSS ee aquestons Bek eae Traffic Light Violations in Various Towns 100 Bes essa 8 t 30 40 50 60 70 80 9% 100 Number of traffic lights 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Average weekly number of traffic light violations ‘Age (years) ‘The scatterplot above shows the relationship between age, in years, and shoe size for 24 males between 10 and 20 years old. The line of best fit is also shown. Based on the data, how many 19 year old males had a shoe size greater than the ‘one predicted by the line of best fit? The scatterplot above shows the number of traific lights in 15 towns and the average weekly ‘number of traffic light violations that occur in each town. The line of best fit is also shown. Based on the line of best fit, which of the following is the predicted average weekly number of traffic light violations in a town with Al | Brraffic lights? B2 A) 40 o3 i D4 | 240 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409A university wants to determine the dietary preferences of the students in its freshman class. Which of the following survey methods is most likely to provide the most valid results? A) Selecting a random sample of 600 students from the university B) Selecting a random sample of 300 students from the university's freshman class C) Selecting a random sample of 600 students from the university's freshman class D) Selecting a random sample of 600 students from one of the university's freshman dining halls ‘Two candidates are running for governor of a state. A recent poll reports that out of a random sample of 250 voters, 110 support Candidate A and 140 support Candidate B. An estimated {500,000 state residents are expected to vote on election day. According to the poll, Candidate B is expected to receive how many more votes than Candidate A? A) 60,000 B) 130,000 ©) 220,000 D) 280,000 241 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 THE COLLEGE PANDA Consumer Behavior during Store Sales Sa8 5 0 ‘Average shopping time (minutes) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Store Discount (%) Shopping time refers to the time a customer spends in one store. The scatterplot above shows the average shopping time, in minutes, of customers at 26 different stores offering various discounts. The line of best fit is also shown. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the meaning of the y-intercept of the line of best fit? A) The predicted average shopping time, in minutes, of customers ata store offering no discount ‘The predicted average shopping time, in minutes, of customers at a store offering a 50% discount ‘The predicted increase in the average shopping time, in minutes, for each one percent increase in the store discount ‘The predicted average number of customers at a store offering no discount B) °) D) 241CHAPTER 26 STATISTICS I ES ee SS Advertising for 16 Companies ES ae Movie Length versus Box Office Sales zB z Revenue (in thousands of dollars) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Advertising Expenses (in thousands of dollars) ‘The scatterplot above shows the relationship between revenue and advertising expenses for 16 companies. The line of best fit is also shown. Which of the following is the best interpretation ‘of the meaning of the slope of the line of best fit? ‘A) The expected increase in revenue for every one dollar increase in advertising expenses B) The expected increase in revenue for every one thousand dollar increase in adve expenses ‘The expected increase in advertising ‘expenses for every one thousand dollar increase in revenue D) The expected revenue of a company that hhas no advertising expenses ° s Box Office Sales (in millions of dollars) o88aees 160 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Movie Length (minutes) ‘The scatterplot above plots the lengths of 15, movies against their box office sales. The line of best fit is also shown. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the meaning of the slope of the line of best fit? A) The expected decrease in box office sales per minute increase in movie length B) The expected increase in box office sales per mute increase in movie length C) The expected decrease in box office sales per 10-minute increase in movie length D) The expected increase in box office sales per 10-minute increase in movie length 242 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 242‘Mistakes Made in Incentive-based Task THE COLLEGE PANDA Fat and Calories of lee Cream. Boss 88 Number of mistakes made -. Total calories 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Prize (in dollars) Ina psychological study, researchers asked participants to each complete a difficult task for a cash prize, the amount of which varied from. participant to participant. The results of the study, as well as the line of best fit, are shown in the scatterplot above. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the meaning of the grintercept of the line of best fit? A) The expected decrease in the number of iiistakes made per dollar increase in the cash prize B) The expected increase in the number of ‘iistakes made per dollar increase in the ‘cash prize ‘The expected dollar amount of the cash prize required for a person to complete the task with 0 mistakes ‘The expected number of mistakes a person makes in completing the task when no cash prize is offered ° Db) SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 283, ‘Total fat (grams) ‘The scatterplot above shows the fat content and calorie counts of 8 different cups of ice cream. Based on the line of best fit to the data shown, ‘what is the expected inerease in the number of calories for each additional gram of fat in a cup of ice cream? AS B) 8 ©) 20 D) 40 243bk eae ae z Food Courts in Various Malls > 3 100 T T g i ; 4 | R g ’ | 3 a 1 i i So i i 3 5 i é * 9 goo +. 0 100 200 300-400 500 2B 4 5 6 7 Amount of nitrogen applied (pounds per acre) Number of restaurants “The scatterplot above shows the amount of |The scatterplot above shows the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer applied to 8 oat fields and ie eo ne Hee irene nel ooe their yields. The line of best fit is also shown, fares ie MeO Dee A lee con Which of the following is closest to the amount | __ According to the data, what is the total number of nitrogen applied, in pounds per acre, the ‘of seats at the food court represented by the data cat field whose yield is best predicted by the line, _ Point that is farthest from the line of best fit? of best fit? |g) 200 A) 200 B) 240 B) 350 ©) 320 ©) 400 D) 560 D) 450 Researchers must conduct an experiment to see whether a new vaccine is effective in relieving cortain allergies. They have selected a random. sample of 100 allergy patients. Some of the patients are assigned to the new vaccine while the rest are assigned to the traditional treatment. Which of the following methods of assigning cach patient's treatment is most likely to lead to a reliable conclusion about the effectiveness of the new vaccine? A) Females are assigned to the new vaccine. B) Those who have more than one allergy are assigned to the new vaccine, ©) The patients divide themselves evenly into two groups. A coin is tossed to decide which group receives the new vaccine. D) Each patient is assigned a random number. ‘Those with an even number are assigned to the new vaccine, 244 SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 244A basketball manufacturer selects a random sample of its basketballs each week to ensure a consistent air pressure within them is maintained. In Week 1, the sample had a mean air pressure of 8.2 psi (pounds per square inch) and a margin of error of 0.1 psi. In Week 2, the sample had a mean air pressure of 7.7 psi and a margin of error of 0.3 psi. Based on these results, which of the following is a reasonable conclusion? A) Most of the basketballs produced in Week 1 hhad an air pressure under 8.2 psi, whereas most ofthe basketballs produced in Week 2 had an air pressure under 7.7 psi B) The mean air pressure of all the basketballs produced in Week 1 was 0.5 psi more than the mean air pressure of al the basketballs produced in Week 2. © Thenumber of basketballs in the Week 1 sample was more than the number of basketballs in the Week 2 sample D) tis very likely that the mean air pressure of all the basketballs produced in Week 1 was less than the mean air pressure ofall the basketballs produced in Week 2. A student is assigned to conduct a survey to determine the mean number of servings of vegetables eaten by a certain group of people each day. The student has not yet decided which group of people will be the focus of this survey. Selecting a random sample from which of the following groups would most likely give the smallest margin of error? A) Residents of the same city B) Customers of a certain restaurant ©) Viewers of the same television show D) Students who are following the same daily diet plan SAT & IG BOOK STORE 01227746409 [i | Ee ae 245 THE COLLEGE PANDA The length of a blue-spotted salamander’s tail can be used to estimate its age. A biologist selects 80 blue-spotted salamanders at random and finds that the average length of their tails has a 95% confidence interval of 5 to 6 inches. Which of the following conclusions is the most appropriate based on the confidence interval? A) 95% of all blue-spotted salamanders have a tail that is between 5 and 6 inches in length. B) 95% ofall salamanders have a tal that is, between 5 and 6 inches in length. C) The true average length of the tails ofall blue-spotted salamanders is likely between Sand 6 inches, D) The true average length of the tails of all salamanders is likely between 5 and 6 inches. a An economist conducted research to determine a relationship between the price of food and population density. He collected data from a random sample of 100 US. cities and found significant evidence that the price of food ower in places with a high population density. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by these results? A) InUS. cities, there isa positive association ‘between the price of food and population density, B) InUS. cities, there is a negative association between the price of food and population density. CC) InUS cities, a decrease in the price of food is caused by an increase in the population density. D) InUS. cities, an increase in the population density is caused by a decrease in the price of food. 245