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Civics Chapter5 Panchayati Raj......

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137 views7 pages

Civics Chapter5 Panchayati Raj......

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Neha Attri
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services that provid amenities a domrart convenience or pleasure ' custom habit or usage collectively Panchayati Raj° Immunisation « to keep protected from a disease or the like, as by inoculation the income of a government from taxation revenue The word ‘panchayat’ comes from the word ‘Panch’, which literally means ‘a group of five people’. Panchayati Raj is an ancient concept which provides a system of local self governance, It is deep-rooted in the society and the custom of rural India. Since very early times, it has been responsible for resolving problems related to water, sanitation, irrigation and eve settling disputes between people. [During ee) ih British rule, Ais institution fell apart as the Britis! government did not trust the locals. British government appointed their own officials who did not look into people's welfare. They exploited the innocent villagers. As a result, people lost faith in the Panchayats. PANCHAYATI RAJ Te } After India became ind Ae anchayats became important again.[Ours is a democratic country, where people participate and havea role inthe government. The Panchayati Raj Institutions were granted legal status through the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, thus seeking to turn Mahatma Gandhi} vision of Gram Swaraj into a ral in is ‘oughen the base of Indian democracy by i Ge rkesaers = lure Of The Panchayati Raj Ue Panchayati Raj works at three levels—the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Block Samiti at the block level and the Zila Parishad at the district level ultiple Choice Questions Tick (v) the correct options. 1. 'Panch’ means a group of . (a) five VT tb) six (c) seven 2. The Panchayati Raj institution was granted legal status through the (a) 72nd Amendment Act, 1993 (b) 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 (co) 74th Amendment Act, 1994 . people. OW Panchayat At Village Level Village Panchayat comprises the Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and the Nyaya Panchayat. Gram Sabha: Gram Sabha is a body of residents cS living in the area covered by the Panchayat] All people who are 18 years of age or above and who have the right to vote are members of the Gram Sabha.\Itmay include one or more villages. [Ietects representatives to Gram Panchayat{Gram Sabha reviews the work done by Gram Pamichayat and goes through its accounts. Gram Sabha also has the power to remove a non- performing member. Gram Sabha FORMATION OF THE GRAM PANCHAYAT — A STORY One hot afternoon, there was a knock at Harilal's door. Munni, Harilal’s daughter, opened the door. The village Patwari (officer) stood there. Coming in, he told Harilal that the Village Panchayat elections were to be held in a couple of months. So, the voter lists were being updated. He began toask about the people who lived in the house. Voter List Munni had heard that there was something called a Village Panchayat. She wanted to know moreaboutit. 'Patwari uncle, why do you want to note their names and ages?" “The Village Panchayat elections are to be held soon. So, Uhave to make a list of the names of all the people who will be casting their Votes for our panchayat. This list is called the voterlist," ies "Okay, write my name first. 1, jo, shall vote.” "No, Munni, you cannot vote as Only those above the age of 18 ye ats can cast their votes. Now, tell me the names of all the members of your family, whoare over 18 years of age.” Munni was disappointed but she went on "You know Bapu’s name and age. My mother's name is Kamla Devi. She must be about 40 years old. Then there is my elder sister Vimla who is married and staysin Ganganagar." But the Patwari refused to write Vimla'sname. "The voter list of our Village 2 Panchayat can have the names of only those who live here." The Area Of The Village Panchayat Many questions about the Village Panchayat came to Munni’s mind even as she recited the names of her family members to the Patwari.So, before he could get up to leave, she asked him "Does every villagehaveaGram Panchayat?" “A Gram Panchayat is set up wherever thereisa population of at least 1,000 people," replied the Patwari. "What about smaller villages with a population of just 300-400 people?" "Small villages are usually clubbed with larget villages," said the Patwari. "So, a Village Panchayat generally functions for about two to fourvillages." Panchs And Wards "Patwari uncle, I have heard about the Panchs- Whoare they?" asked Munni. "Bach Village Panchayat has 10 to 20 Panchs They are ward representatives.” Munniasked, "Whatisa ward?" The Patwari answered, "A Gram Panchayats divided into smaller units. These are call staying in each ward elect their own Panch. Anyone wis} ing t y 1ing to pecome a Panch can contest the clectio, Gram Panchayat from the village. the ward cast their votes in favo Ns to the The people of of the Person they want. Whoever gets the largest number of yotes from a ward is elected as the Panch of that ward. "What is the function of these Munni asked. "They oversee the fur civic amenities in the village, Panchs?" tioning of which includes roads, sanitation, water, etc. The Panch of that ward or mohalla is supposed to inform the Panchayat. The Panchayat then tries to repair or provide these facilities." "Does an elected person remain the Panch of that ward forever?” was Munni'snext question, "No. Village Panchayat elections are held after every five years and new Panchs can be elected every time," replied the Patwari. Gram Panchayat "Oh! It's getting late!" exclaimed the Patwari, looking at his watch. "I must be going. Ihave to complete the voter list of our village today." Gram Panchayat: The Gram Panchayat comprises ward members or Panch, Sarpanch, Up-pradhan and a Secretary. The Gram Sabha clects the Panchas and Sarpanch or Pradhan. The Sarpanch coordinates the activities of the chayat and is responsible for holding meetings t regular intervals. The Up-pradhan presides over meetings in the absence of the Sarpanch. The Secretary is not an elected member but appointed by the Bovernment. He/She is the secretary of both the Gram Sabha and the G t 3ram Panchayat. He/She 'S Supposed to call the meetings and maintain a detailed record of the proceedings. The Gram Panchayat is divided into wards (divided into smaller areas for administrative Purpose) and each ward chooses a representative Known as Ward Member or Panch. At least one- tenth members should be present at the meetings and one-third of the gathering should be women members. This plays a key role in making the Gram Panchayat responsible for the implementation of socio-economic development programmes, [The primary 8 ee is toimplement various Community Development Programmes started by the government and fulfil the basic needs of the villages. Functions © construction and maintenance of roads, irrigation systems, water sources like tanks, wells and hand pumps, street lighting, drainage and parks © promotion and development of agriculture, sanitation system, education and healthcare © carrying out government schemes related to employment generation, primary education, immunisation programmes and establishing dispensaries © organising health camps, sports and cultural programmes Source Of Income Gram Panchayats get funds from taxes on houses, shops and fairs, fees on sale and purchase of property and cattle, and grants from the state government received through Janpad and Zila Panchayats. ; Nyaya Panchayat:|The Nyaya Panchayat is the village court, whose purpose is to settle minor rows and provide speedy justice. There is normally one Nyaya Panchayat for four to five villages.|Gram Panchayat elects its members. It has thé authority to impose fine up to 250, but it cannot sentence anyone tojail. PANCHAYAT AT BLOCK LEVEL At the block level, the Panchayati Raj Institution is known as Block Samiti, Janpad Panchayat or Panchayat Samiti. It acts as a link between the Gram Panchayat and Zila Parishad. The people of the block, elect members of Block Samiti for a term of five years. The members elect a Pramukh or Chairperson and an Up-pramukh or Vice- chairperson. The Pramukh is responsible for daily affairs of the Samiti. Block Samiti Besides elected members, it includes Sarpanch of all Gram Panchayats, members of the State Legislature and members of the Parliament, elected from that area. The Block Development Officer (BDO), a government representative, is responsible for implementing all policies related to the developmentof the block. Functions >> [giving expert knowledge in the field of (i) agriculture, animal hysbandry, veterinary medicine, healthcare \and setting up rural industries through specialists known as Extension Officers Jarranging for better primary education and i) opening more night schools for adults, shelters for theneedy and homeless] Uw ‘| e [developing and maintaining sewe, system, and ensuring good drinking 4, forall Source of Income The Block Samiti’s sources of income inclu taxes from houses, water, electricity, land an) cattle, revenue from leasing out Samiti land ang lastly, funding and aid given by the stay government. PANCHAYAT AT DISTRICT LEVEL /¢ 5 At the district level the Zila Parishad is thé apex body of this institution of Panchayati Raj, It looks after the developmental needs of the whole district | ‘The Zila Parishad comprises the President and Vice-President chosen by the members amongst themselves. Besides, heads of Block Samitis, members of State Legislatures and members of Parliament are all ex-officio members (become members because of the post they hold) of Zila Parishad. A government representative of the rank of District Magistrate ensures proper functioning of the Panchayati system. Functions (C 3) [Supervi ing-and supporting the activities of the Block Samiti and Gram Panchayats | [implementing projects initiated under Five- Year PlansJand advising the state government on matters relating to the development of the district © monitoring and updating the state government about various Community Development Programmes running in the district ¢ [examining the accounts of Block Samiti and allocating mens funds for various programmes Source Of Income Their main source of income is aid allocated by the government. Besides, they too levy tax 0" water, electricity, markets, fairs and lease out houses and shops to generate revenue. ultipl ” the correct options, ick j, atthe block level, the Panchayati Raj institution is known as (a) Janpad Panchayat (o) Nyaya Panchayat (o) Gram Sabha OO lock Samiti's sources of income includes fa) taxes from houses, water, electricity, Jand and cattle (b) revenue from leasing out Samiti land 0U (c) both (a) and (b) STATE GOVERNMENTS AND THE PANCHAYATI RAJ The Constitution of India makes the state governments responsible for a proper implementation of the Panchayati Raj system, so that the local problems related to civic amenities arelooked into and resolved. SS a a») hoice Questions (Quic — ecie? (Quick Revision) \ The role ofiicaate government includes: formulation of rules and regulations for the institutions of Panchayati Raj using its power to dissolve the Panchayats which are not functioning properly * coordinating with the Zila Parishad to chalk out plans that are beneficial for overall growth of the district © recruiting technical and executive staff at the district and block level | © providing grants-in-aid to carry out various welfare programmes along with keeping a check on the accounts of the Panchayats Thus, the institution of local self-government was reorganised after independence to strengthen democracy, make the people more self-reliant and to encourage participation in the affairs of the government. This institution helps in generating, awareness as well as develops leadership qualities. In a diverse country like ours, effective implementation of the system will ensure rapid developmentinall spheres. Use Cordova Smart Cass Software on the smart : board in class to do these exercises.) ‘. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)— Tick (v/) the correct options. 1. Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayatand Nyaya Panchayat form (b) Zila Parishad (@) BlockSamit al (©) Village Panchayat [| 233) (a) residents living in the area covered by the Panchayat lage whose names appear in the voter list 2. Gram Sabha isa body of | (b) people of 18 years of age or above in the vill (©) both(a)and (b) B, Identify which institution of Panchayati Raj system performs this function. hh OH ne ! ve-Year Plan.Z2ALa. 2A, f. 1. maintains street lights and parks . resolves disputes of the people . implements welfare projec health camps...xx0.0%0. Sen |. organises 5. constructs shelters for the poor and homel C. Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements. 1, Panchayati Raj or rule of the Panchayat is a modern concept. & 2. The Nyaya Panchayat is the village court. a 3. ‘TheSecretary is common to both Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. & 4. Zila Parishad implements projects initiated under Five-Year Plans and advises the state >) government on matters relating to the development of the district. ‘Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) — Tick (7) the correct options. 1. The Panchayati Raj worksat (a) twolevels (b) three levels Mi (©) fourlevels is] 2. Which of the following sentence is true about the Sarpanch? : (a) Sarpanch coordinates the activities of the Panchayat. CO (b) TheGram Sabhaelects the Sarpanch, O (©) Allofthese Ww Short Answer Questions 1. Why did the Panchayats become unpopular during the British Rule? q- 229 2. Givetworeasonsthatshow the importance of rd Amendment Act, 1992, “P2,-22° 3. Whichare the three levels of Panchayati Raj?'P3 - 22.9 4.

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