5 . FEATURES How well do you sleep? Complete a questionnaire about sleep The secrets of a long life How can you live to be one hundred? Nature is good for you ‘Nature and health: Laughter yoga A video about why laughing is good for you Lifestyle ‘Work in pairs. Describe the place in the photo. How do you think the person feels? HEI Work in pairs. Listen to a description of the place in the photo. Answer the questions. 1 Where is Bukhansan National Park? 2. How many people visit it every year? 3. Why do they go there? Look at the activities in the box. Which activities do you often do? ‘When do you do them? Tell your partner. take a bike ride cook a meal chat on social media play sports and exercise 490 for long walks 90 fishing play video games play @ musical instrument read books watch movies often go for long walks in the evening.1a How well do you sleep? Vocabulary everyday routines 3 Tumtopege 1 and find out what your arawers say about your lifestyle. 1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts of the - ee expressions for everyday routines. Then describe Grammar simple present and your typical day using some of the expressions. ee ees adverbs of frequency 2 fall Sy ee 4 Match the sentences (1-2) with their uses (a-b). 3 takea 0 o TV 4 aeert Bak 1 Lwork long hours and get home late. 2. The average human needs around eight hours 5 work long until midnight of sleep per night. 6 wakeup 0 eight a. to talk about things that are always true 7 getupabout © carly to talk about habits and routines 8. stay up 9. hours Toften get home late from work Reading 2 Answer the questionnaire below. Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 1 Do you often feel tired? 4 How Iong do you usually sleep on the weekends? A No, | never feel tired during the day. A [usually sleep the same amount as any other day. B I sometimes feel tired after a long day at work. B I sometimes sleep for an extra hour or two. € All the time! I'm always ready for bed. € Lalways sleep until noon! I never get up early. 2. How many hours do you usually sleep 5 How often do you wake up in the middle of the night? at night? A [never wake up before morning, A Between seven and eight hours. B I rarely wake up more than once. B More than nine. | rarely stay up late. € Two or three times a night. Fewer than six, 3. What do you usually do before you go to bed? A | watch TV or read a book. B l exercise I do some work.5 Look at the grammar box on page 10. Complete the article about sleep with the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. The secrets of sleep Why ‘lo we sleep (we / sleep)? From birth, we ? (Spend) a third of our lives asleep, but scientists still > (not! know) exactly why. Why * (we / have) problems sleeping? In modern society, many adults *. (not / get) the seven or eight hours’ sleep they need every night, We *___ (work) long hours, and we rarely? (go) to bed at sunset. Why * (we / sleep) differently? it (depend) on the time of year and also our age. Teenagers usually (need) more sleep than adults. Lots of elderly people " (not / sleep) longer than four or five hours at night, but they often = ___ (take) naps during the day. 6 Pronunciation /s/, /z/, or /1z/ REI Listen to the endings of these verbs. Is the sound /s!, /2/, or /az/? Circle your answers. Then listen again and repeat. 1 feels /S/ Iai frzi 5 goes si Ja! ial 2 needs iS! Ia! fiz) 6 dances isi /2/ iz! 3 watches /s/ /z/ zi 7 does /s/ /al hal 4 sleeps (si /2/ fiz 8 works /a! fiz! 7 Work in pairs, Discuss these questions. 1 What time do you and your friends usually get up? How late do you stay up? 2. Does anyone in your family ever take a nap the afternoon? 3. Do people sleep longer in the summer or in the winter? 8 Look at the list below. Then underline the adverbs of frequency in the questionnaire on page 10 and Write the missing adverbs in the lis. usually often not often rorely 9 Look at the grammar box above. Circle the correct, options to complete the rules (1-2) 1 Anadverb of frequency usually goes after / before the main verb, but it goes after / before the verb be, 2. An expression of frequency (e.g,, twice a week) usually goes at the begining /in the middle or at the end of a sentence. 10 Show the correct place in the sentence for the adverb or expression in parentheses. Sometimes there is more than one correct answer. 1. My brother (always) 2 Weeat at a restaurant. (about once a month) 3. Ltake a bus to school. (every day) 4. She is at home during the day. (rarely) 5 6 lays tennis on Saturday mornings. They go on vacation. (twice a year) Are you late for work? (often) Speaking 14 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s habits. 12 Take turns asking questions with How often ...? and the ideas in the box. Answer using an adverb or expression of frequency. A: How often do you eat out? B: About once a month, be late for work/schoo! check your phone for messages ‘take public transportation feel stressed, go on vacation check your email play board games eat at a restaurant Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about lifestyle for another group. Start each question with How often ...2, Are you often ...2, of Do you often ...?, and offer three choices of answer (A, B, or C). Then ask your questions to the other group. Can you tell them what their answers say about their lifestyle? Unit + Lifestyle (43)1b The secrets of a long life Reading 3 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete the chart below with activites from the article 41 Work in pairs. Who is the oldest person you : know? How old is he or she? How healthy is ps ilies es their lifestyle? 2 Work in pairs. Read the article The Se: Life. Answer the questions. 1 Why is Okinawa famous? 2. What kind of food do the people eat there? 3. Which of their activities do you do? 0 4. Add these activities to the chart in Exercise 3. Use a dictionary if necessary. Wordbuilding collocations with cards hiking homework nothing do, play, and go running shopping tennis the piano yooa soccer —_ karate surfing We use certain ni collocations. go fishing NOT de-fishing or play-fishing 5. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you know using the collocations in the chart. For more practice, see Workbook page 11. L g Lif Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest people in the of age. Some of the reasons for their good health are that they: hat they catch, + govfshing and + dolot of gardening and grow their own fruit and vegetables ing, and rarely drive when they can walk end time with friends. They meet at people's 1ouses and play games. ‘exercise regularly go swimming, and lead active lve. ‘An 89:year-old woman from Okinawa picks eee a CasListening 6 ERB Listen toa radio interview with photographer David McLain. Check (¥) the topics the speakers talk about. Ci the age of men and 1) sleep ‘women D food CO family tite Di exercise 7 [EB Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? 1 David McLain is traveling to Te different countries. 2. He's talking to the radio a announcer in the studio. 3. In Sardinia, men live to the t F same age as women. 4 Sardinian families rarely eat 1 together. 5 Younger people are eating more TF unhealthy food, and they aren’t exercising enough. 8 Work in pairs. Think about the lifestyle of people in your country. Is it similar to the lifestyle in Sardinia? How traditional is your country? Grammar simple present and present continuous 9 Look at the grammar box and the sentences below from the interview. Which sentences use the simple present (5)? Which use the present continuous (C)? 1 Well, one man is trying to Ss G answer these questions — photographer David McLain. 2. He's speaking to us right now Bi on the phone. Men live to the same age as women. S. Every Sunday, the whole family s eats a big meal together. 5 Also, young people are moving s to the city, so they are exercising less because of their lifestyle a ana 10 We use the present continuous to talk about something happening now or around now. Match the three present continuous sentences in Exercise 9 with the uses (a-c). ato talk about a changing situation b_ to talk about something happening around. now, but not necessarily at this exact moment © to talk about something actually in progress now 11 Complete the sentences with the simple present or present continuous form of these verbs, reply go fear read spend 1 We ‘veleanting _a new language at the ‘moment. 2. My friends and 1 often at each other’s houses. 3. Can you wait a minute? I to an email 4 How often time you tothe gym? 51 a really interesting book at the moment, Speaking 12 Write pairs of questions. Use the simple present in one question and the present continuous in the other. Then work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. 1 a How / usually spend your free time? How do you usually spend your free time? b /you / play / many sports these days? Are you playing marty sports these days? / often / read novels? 2a b / read / any good books at the moment? Where / usually goon vacation? b Where / plan to go this year? 7 speak / any other languages? b /Tearn / any new languages?1c Nature is good for you Reading 1 Workin pairs. Look at the photo. Where do you think this woman is? 2. Read the article. Match the topics (a-c) with the paragraphs in the article (1-3). a how much time we spend outdoors b- making nature part of city life studies by doctors 3. Work in pairs. Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1 What is the main change in how people spend their time? 2 What is happening at national parks in Canada? 3. After the math test, where did some people look at pictures of nature? 4 What are they going to build in Dubai? 5. InSouth Korea, how many people visit the new forests every year? Word focus feel 4 Work in pairs. Underline four phrases with fee! in the first paragraph of the article. Match the phrases to the uses (1-3). 1. to talk about your emotions or health 2. to talk about wanting to do something 3. to talk about an opinion 5 Complete the questions with the words in the box. about better like that 1 What do you usually feel after a long day at work? doing 2 Doyou feel nature is good for us? Why or why not? 3. After a difficult day, what makes you feel in the evening? 4 How do you feel nature? 6 Workin pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions from Exercise 5. A: What do you usually feel like doing after a long day at work? B: Going for a run in my local park and then eating dinner. Sometimes Igo out and meet friends. Critical thinking gi examples 7 When writers give an opinion, they often support the idea with examples. Look at these sentences. Which sentence has the main idea (M)? Which sentences give examples (E)? ing a For example, the number of ME visitors to Canada’s national parks is going down every year. b Humans are spending more ME time inside and less time outside. ¢ And in countries such as the ME USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. 8 Work in pairs. Read paragraphs 2 and 3 of the article. Find the sentence with the main idea and sentences with examples. Underline the phrases for giving examples. Forexample, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is going down every year. 9 Complete these sentences in your own words. Use examples from your own life. Then share your sentences with a partner. 1 Lrelax in my free time in different ways. For example, 2. My hometown has some places with trees and nature, such as .. 3. There are some beautiful national parks in my country. A good example is Speaking EES 10 Work in groups of four. Imagine your town has some money to make people's lives healthier. Loo! at the ideas below and think of one more. * plant one hundred new trees in the town * build a new park with a children’s play area * increase the number of bike paths across the tow! 11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the best one. Give reasons and examples. I think increasing the numberof bike paths isa good idea because cycling is good for your health and good fo the environment.is good for you 6] How do you feel about nature? After spending hours ndoors, do you often feel ike going outside for a walk? Or if you work for hours at your desk, do you feel better when you take a break and visit your local 5. park? Most people think that nature is good for us; its good for our bodies and good for our brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside, For example, the number of visitors to Canadas national parks is going down every year: And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century, and that it is making our physical health worse. ‘As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health; one example of this is the work of Dr, Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. The doctor gave two groups of people a math test. During the test, the heart rate’ of people in both groups increased. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality room with pictures and sounds of nature for fifteen minutes. Later, their heert rates were slower than the heart rates of people in the other group, The virtual contact with nature helped these people fee! more relaxed. Another good example of how nature 25 Is good for health comes from Canada, In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in cities. Overall, they found that people who lived near parks were healthier Because of studies lke these, some countries and cities 30 want nature to be part of people's everyday lfe. In Dubai, for exemple, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden, so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants, and water. In some countries— such as Switzerland —"forest schools" are popular; 35 schoolchildren study their subjects in the forest and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea is another ‘good example: It has new forests near its cities, around 13 milion people vist these forests every year So after building cites fr so long, perhaps it’s now time 4 to start rebuilding nature * heart rate (n) short ret the speed at which the heart beats (oumber of heartbeats per minute) Lifestyle 151d At the doctor’s Vocabulary medical problems 1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1-8) with the medical problems (a-h). a Thave a headache. b Ihave a backache. ¢ Thave a runny nose, d Thave an earache. € Thavea stomachache. £ Thavea temperature. & havea sore throat. hh Ihave a bad cough. 2. What do you do when you have the problems in Exercise 1? Discuss with a partner. Choose the best option (1-3) for each problem. 1 Igo tobed. 2. Itake medicine, 3. Igo to the pharmacy or see my doctor. 3 Pronunciation one or two syllables? Listen to these words. Which words have one syllable? Which words have two? Underline the stressed syllable in the two-syllable words. Then listen again and repeat. headache ear throat cough ache stomach earache backache Real life talking about illness 4 [REA Work in pairs. Listen to two conversations, one at a pharmacy and one at a doctor's office. ‘What medical problems does each person have? DAE Listen again and write the number of the conversation (1 or 2) next to each piece of medica advice (a-e). Take this medicine three times a day. 1_ Get some rest, Drink hot water with honey and lemon. — Take one tablet twice a day. — aooe Buy cough drops. — Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) with their endings. Use the expressions for talking, about illness to help you. 1 Doyouhave © © this medicine. 2 Youshouldtake © 0 sea doctor? 3 Isgoodfor 0 0 asore throat. 4 Whydon’tyou © © aheadache? 5. Idon’t feel oo well. 6 Youneedto 0 © take these tablets. 7 Work in pairs. Student A: You have a medical problem. Choose one of the problems from Exercise 1 and tell Student B what your problem is. Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student A feels and give advice. ‘Then change roles and have a new conversation.1e Personal information Writing filling out a form 1. Work in pairs, Discuss these questions, + What kinds of forms do you sometimes fill out? * Think of a form you filled out recently. What information did you write? 2. Work in pairs. Look at these forms. What is each form for? Current occupation No, ofdependents Country of origin First language Details of past surgery or operations. PLEASE USE CAPITAL LETTERS “FASSPORTNG xc oF are > | ATOMS t EDUCATION DEGREE, ETC] Have you visited this country before? ifyes, ive details Contact details of person incase of emergency (spouse next of kin) 3. Writing skill information ‘on forms @ Work in pairs. Match the questions (1-6) with the headings on the forms in Exercise 2 where you write the information. 1 Are you married, single, or divorced? marital status 2. Do you take any medicine? 3. How many children do you have? 4 What country were you born in? 5 Who can we call in your family if you need help? 6 Whatis the first letter of your middle name? b Look at the forms again. Discuss these questions with your partner. ‘Then check your answers on page 155, 1. How many abbreviations can you find in the forms? What do they mean? DOB = Date of birth 2 Under the heading Title on forms, we use the abbreviations ‘Mr., Mrs. Ms,,and Dr. What do they mean? 3. Which form doesn’t want you to write in lowercase letters? 4 Work in pairs. Design a form for new students at a language school + List all the information you need about the students. + Then prepare the form. 5 Exchange your form with another pair. Use these questions to check their form, Is their form easy to fill out? * Do you know what to write in each part? * Would you change anything on the form? units testeMeee ee ea Cees in Laguna Beach, California.Before you watch 3 You are going to watch members of a laughter club doing. laughter yoga. What do you think the members do during, 1 Work in pairs and answer these questions. their laughter yoga session? Check (¥) the items you think are true. 1. Think of someone you know who laughs a lot. Describe that person. C1 They walk around and greet one another. 2. Do you laugh often? What makes you —[] They watcha funny movie. laugh? C1 They make eye contact with other members. 3. Look at the photo and the caption CO They chant and clap their hands. Why do you think people join this CO They take funny photos on their cell phones. laughter club? C1 They all do the same body movements while laughing. 2 Key vocabulary While you watch Read the sentences (1-6). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. 4 Watch the video, Were your predictions in Exercise 3 correct? ‘Write these words and phrases next to “ their definitions (af). 5 COMBE Watch the video again. Are these sentences true (T) 1 heard a funny joke yesterday. or false (FY? 2. Exercise is a good way to relieve stress. 1 ‘The people in the video are laughing, Won] 3 The doctors performed an operation to because someone told a joke. clear a blockage in the blood vessels 2 Laughter yoga helps people feel an] that supply his heart. happier through laughing. 4 One of the benefits of yoga is increased 3 When you laugh, changes happen TE muscle strength and tone. in your body. 5 There are about 50 calories in an apple. 4 Laughing can help you lose weight. TF 6 Ifyou take in 2,500 calories a day, and butm 2500 calories aday, you'll stay at © CCIRIBE Watch the video again, Choose the correct option about the same weight (@orb) to complete each sentence. good or helpful results or effects 1 Laughing can make your blood vessels a cleaner b wider b amethod, style, or manner of doing 2 Laughing can reduce the risk of something a heartdisease —b certain cancers finial einer ere 3. You can burn calories when you laugh for of energy that food provides five to ten minutes. eee a 40 b 400 d_ the narrow tubes through which your 4. We start laughing when we are around. blood flows a one month old b three months old 2 £ something said to cause laughter After you watch 7 Vocabulary in context (CARES Watch the clips from the video, Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. 8 Work in pairs and answer these questions. 1 Would you join a laughter club? Why or why not? 2. Do you think laughter is better than other forms of exercise? Give examples to support your answer.UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 5 Which words can follow the verb in bold? Cross out the incorrect word. 1. do homework, housework, relaxing, yoga’ 2 go asleep, surfing, jogging, home 3. play golf, swimming, games, tennis 4 feel tired, happy, ache, sick 1. Circle the correct options to complete the text about a man named Nazroo. 6 Work in pairs. Write four sentences using verbs from Exercises 4 and 5, but leave out the verb, We often __ yoga when we wake up. ‘Then work with another pair. Take turns reading your sentences and guessing the missing word. Real 7 Circle the correct options to complete the conversation between two friends. ‘A: " How do /Do you feel? 2 Show the correct place in the sentence for the eRe ete ai Thavee expression in parentheses. In three sentences, there is HE Nee ae fi re arate na ee Coes ‘A: * Do you feel / Do you have a temperature? 1 Iplay video games. (rarely) B: I don’t know. I feel a little hot. 2. We're studying Spanish. (at the moment) ‘A: ° Try / You need drinking some honey and 3. My family plays sports. (every weekend) Jemon in hot water. 4 Ailmy friends are working, (these days) B: Good idea. A: But you ® should / it’s a good idea also see 3 BSMID Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2so they are potas, Ey true for you. 8 BSXMD Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Vocabulary ee 4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B. Then. complete the sentences with the expressions. A fall take work " 1. What medical problems do these people 8 tong hours asleep break Hat spedlee pean 2 2 What advice can you give them? phen ——___— because ofall You should go to bed. the noise outside my bedroom. 2. Atwork, we always. at 11 and have coffee. 3 Weall because there is a lot to do. these days,GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1 Simple present and adverbs of frequency Use We use the simple present: * totalk about habits and routines play tennis every week. ‘+ to talk about things that are always true. Sleep is really important for health Form We form the simple present with the base form of the verb. To make negative sentences, we acid don’t before the verb. To make questions, we add do before the subject. After he, she, it, etc, we add -s to the verb. We use doesn't in negative sertences, and does in questions. lWoulwelthey feat. Youdon'teat. Do you eat? heshe/t Sheets. He doesn‘teat. Does helshelt eat? The verb be is different from other verbs. 1 Vmii. —— Fmnot fit. Am fit youlwefthey We're fi. Theyaren’t fit. Are you fit? hheshert She's fit. Sheisn’t fit. she fit? > Exercise 1 Adverbs and expressions of frequency We use adverbs and other expressions in simple present sentences to talk about how often we do things. ‘Mike usually goes for a rum in the evening. I'm often late for work. Lhave a hot drink five or six times a day. We go om encation two or three times a year. Some common frequency adverbs are: 100% alevays usually often sometimes not often rarely 0% never Position Frequency adverbs and expressions of frequency go in different places in a sentence. * Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb, but after the verb be. They never eat out. She's always out on the weekend. don’t often play sports. * Expressions of frequency normally go at the beginning or end of a sentence. 0 out with friends three or four times a week. Once a week, Igo for a run. > Exercises 2 and 3 Present continuous Use ‘We use the simple present to talk about things we do or that happen regularly. We use the present continuous to talk about something in progress in the present. This can be: * something actually in progress at this moment. Tcan't anstver the phone because I'm driving. something happening around now, but not necessarily at this moment. T'm looking for a nero jo. * a changing situation. ‘More and more people are changing their diet Form We form the present continuous with be + verb + -ing. H Ym writing. Ym not ‘Am | waiting? writing. youlves We're They aren't Are you they writing. writing. writing? helhe/it He's writing, Sheisn't. —tshe waiting. writing? Some verbs describe states (for example, agree, believe, own, hate, know, like, love, prefer, want). We don’t use these verbs with the continuous. He owns a really nice car, > Exercises 4, 5, and 6Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 Sam___(not live) near me. 2 Sofia (rive) to work. 3 she (speak) any other languages? 4 [______ (of like) waking up early. 5 they (ee) each other on the weekends? 6 We (be) very tired. 7 Some people (not need) a lot of sleep. 8 (be) your bus late? 9 He (have) a big house in the country. 2 Look at the sentences, Find and correct the mistakes with the position of frequency adverbs and time expressions. 1 Toften am tired at work. 2 We twice a week eat out ina restaurant. 3. Thave two or three times a day a cup of coffee. 4. They don’t play often board games, 5. Does usually she take public transportation? 3 Complete the text with words from the boxes. Use an expression from box A and a verb from box B in each pair of blanks. EY ctways everyday often. — rarely two or three times a month BF eatoa) getup 90 meet Tt always a get up at about 7:30 a.m. and get ready for work. aresemeeceec eer ced breakfast because [don’t feel hungry in the ‘momings. Istart work at 9 a.m, and at 12 noon Take a lunch break. 1° ‘ my friend for lunch—normally two or three times a week. At 1:30 I start work again, and I finish at 5:30 p.m. Tlike to keep fit,s017_____ to thegym'__Tget home at about 8:00 p.m, and make dinner, but Talso'_____ at restaurants 2 Tm always tired in the evenings, 50 I go to bed early. And that’s my day! 4 Complete the sentences with the present continuous form of these verbs, become build 90 not work talk wait wite 11 for the bus. ALS Wt SESE cL yggg ecstacy B: To the supermarket, We need milk! 3. She this week because she’s on vacation. 4 A: What are you doing? BI ‘an email to my friend. 5. A: Where's Michael? B: He to someone on the phone. 6 They a new house on my street. 7 More and more people vegetarians. 5 Complete the pairs of sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present form in one sentence and the present continuous form in the other. vie my lunch very early today. Inormally at | pam. (eat) 2 Tina rarely to work, But today she_______ because of the rain. (drive) 3. She to her brother on the phone right now: They at this time every day. (talk) 4. Is6 p.m. and hard in the office. Inormally only until 5 pm. (work) 51 shopping now. | always shopping at this time. (go) 6 Complete the text with the simple present of present continuous form of the verbs in parentheses. The Mediterranean diet People in countries like Italy, Spain, France, and Greece !___(live) longer than people from many other countries. This is probably because of their diet—they ? —__ (eat) lots of food like vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, fish, and olive oil. People often’ (cay) that this diet | (be) good for your heart. But the traditional Mediterranean diet (change) because more and more people « (eat) junk food. So, in the future, the Mediterranean diet might be very different. Grammar Summary 157modal verbs for rules Complete the desctiption of aniother <6mpetition with these modal verbs. Use each mesial verbsonly MODAL VERBS FOR RULES once. Each team must have five people and a shopping cart. They can’t change the wheels. All the teams have to start and finish at the same place, They don’t have to run on the same roads Players can pick up the ball and run with it must haveto don'thaveto can't can For mote information and practice, see page 158. Look at the sentences in the grammar box, Complete the explanations (2- skier, golf» golfer You can add player to some sports: tennis tennis player, baseball > baseball player Some sports don't use the suffix -er or player: athletics» athlete, cycle cyclist For more practice, see Workbook page 19. Work in pairs, Leokat the wordbuilding box. ‘What is the wore for a person who: 1 boxes? borer 5, plays chess? 2 motorcycles? 6 drives racing car? 3. playsbasketball? 7 does gymnastics? 4 swims? 8 goes surfing? “1 want to be number one. But Bee ee ec Work in pairs, Who are the most famous athletes in your country? What type of athlete are they? (ea swimmer, a golfer, a skateboarder) Lionel Messt is very famous in my country He's a soccer player. Read the quotes withthe photos. Do you think ‘witining is always important in sports? Why or why nof? Discuss with a partner Listen to three people talking about competitive sports in schools. Match the speakers (1-3) with their opinions (a-e) a Speaker |___thinks'rton-competitive sports are a good idea. b Speaker thinks competitive sports area good idea in schools. © Speaker thinks sports in schools are a good idea, but there can be problems. a: eee pee ea eee a6 Look at these opinions for and against 10 Work in pairs. Put the words in the correct order to make competitive sports in schools. Which are the quotes by famous athletes. Then match the -ing forms opinions for (F) and which are the opinions with the uses (a-c) in Exercise 9. against (A)? 1 never / thought / losing / of /1 1 Winning and losing teaches ®a (Muhammad Ali, boxer) students about life. 2. love / Ijust / winning 2 Alotof successful schools don’t F A (Ayrton Senna, race car driver) have competitive sports. 3 a champion / afraid / losing / isn’t / of 3 Children get more exercise when FA. (Billie Jean tennis player) they try to win. 4 hate /1/ losing 4 Winning isn’timportantas long FA (Sachin Tendulkar, cricket player) as you do your best. 5 'm/ more worried about / a good person / being / 5. Children learn to work wellin FA. than being the best soccer player teamo wen they play agit (Lionel Messi, soccer player) other teams. 6 Students lear toworkhard FA 114 EXE Circle the correct options to complete this by doing competitive sports. conversation. Then listen and check. 7 Some parents don'tlike losing FA ‘A: What's on TV? and get angry with their children. B: 'Cyele / Cycling. It’s the Tour de Prance. [love *watelt / 8 Allchildren are different, and = FA. ‘watching it. some aren’t good at sports. A: Oh, no! [think / thinking it’s boring! 9 Competitive sports are fun. BOA B I disagre. really enjoy ‘watch / watching the cyclists 5 ‘the mountains., ? ERED which opinion 1-9) rom Exerc 6 A t/a onto he TV ll day 'excing F'n speaker tired of Sdo /doing nothing: Are you any good at tennis? check, ‘We could “play / playing this afternoon. Speaker 1__L.__ B: But want to "watch /watching this. eke? ‘A: What's wrong? Are you afraid of lose /osing? 6 ovinpoums asus cp ‘12 Pronunciation fo! Exercise 6. Answer these questions. :@ EREEI Listen to six words. Circle the word you hear. 1 Which opinions do you agree with? 1. thin think thing 2. Which do you disagree with? 2 win wink wing 3. Are there any other reasons for or 3. ban bank bang against competitive sports in schools? 4 sin sink sing 5 ran rank rang Grammar -ing form 6 pin Pink ping b [REEL Listen again to the conversation from Exercise 11. Notice the pronunciation of the -ing forms. Then work in pairs and practice the conversation. Speaking EES 13 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what sports or activities your partner likes. Then complete the sentences. , ‘A: Whet sports do you love watching? 9 Look at the grammar box. The verbs in the ing form are in bold, Match these verbs 3B: Tennis. What about you? (2-3) with the uses ofthe -ing form (@-)- 1 Tove watching but my partner doesn : : think is boring, but my partner loves it! 4 Itis the subject ofthe sentence, . tn Itcomes after a verb (e.g. like), 3. We both enjoy ————., but we hate ¢ Itcomes after a peeposition (e.g. 9). 4 Ym good at___, but my partner isn’t. Unit2 Competitions2c Bolivian wrestlers Reading 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Domany people watch boxing or wrestling in your country? 2. Why do some people dislike these types of sports? 3. What do you think about these sports? 2 Read the article about wrestling in Bolivia. Which paragraph (1-5) describes: a the two wrestlers before the fight? _ the popularity of male and female wrestling in Bolivia? ¢ Yolanda’s family life? — a ane reason wity iit wanes 16! fe. the fight between the two wrestlers? 3 Find words in the article for these definitions. 1 something people watch for pleasure entertainment 2. alarge group of people 3. the person who describes the action ina sport c 4. get very excited, shout, and jump up and down 2 5. people who like « famous athlete 6. the money you eam for work done Critical thinking reading between the lines 4 Anarticle doesn’t always tell us about how people feel, but we can often guess. Match the people from the article (1-3) with the sentences (ac). 1 Yolanda 2. Yolanda’s daughter 3. Esperanza a “Idon’t understand why wrestling is so popular.” b “Lfeel wonderfu' every time I step into the ring.” “Life is very hard for people like me.” — 5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 1 How do you feel about the women wrestlers? 2 Would you like to see this sport? Why or why not? Word focus like 6 The word like has a number of meanings and uses. Match the sentences (1-4) with the uses (2-4). a. We use like + noun to talk cbout things we enjoy. b_ We use like + -ing to talk atout activities we enjoy doing. © We use be/look like to talk ebout similarities between people/ things actions. We use would like to + base form of a verb to talk about future plans or ambitions. 1 Most people like soccer, — 2 Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars. — oF Wud Your adagntecrnlibese becoroe wrestlers one day? 4 Esperanza likes watching wrestling. — 7 Match the questions with like (1-5) with their answers (a-e). What do you like doing on the weekend? What kind of music do you like? Are you like anyone in your family? Where would you like to go on your next vacation? What does your dad look Eke? Yeah, I'm really similar to my mom, — Spain. Or Portugal, maybe — Anything. Rock, classical—I don’t mind. — Going to the movies. — He's tall and has brown hair, — 8 Workin pairs. Take turns asking the questions from Exercise 7 and giving your own answers. Speaking 9 Work in groups. Can you name ten sports in the Olympic Games? 10 These six sports are not in the Olympic Games. Discuss the questions in your group and give reasons for your answers. ‘American football bowling cricket mixed martial arts darts squash 1 Which of the six sports do you think is the most popular? 2. Which three sports would your group like to have at the next Olympics?2 In Bolivia, soccer is the national sport, but the country is also famous for another sport—wrestling, Local people like watching wresting, and it popular with tourists, too. It’s an exciting mixture of sport, drama, and entertainment. When modern wrestling started in Bolivia in the 1950s, the competitors were all men, but nowadays women are also competing in the ring. The city of EI Alto is a good place to watch wrestling, Hundreds of spectators go to the fights in the evening. This evening, the crowd is sitting around a huge wrestling ring and shouting, “Bring them on! Bring them on!” Suddenly, the commentator is speaking into a microphone, “Ladies and gentlemen. It's time for Yolanda and Claudina!” The crowd is screaming with excitement as two women in colorful clothes enter the ring, Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars, They smile and wave to their fans. The music stops, and the referee starts the fight. Claudina jumps on Yolanda. Fs 30 Then Yolanda throws Claudina on the floor. As Claudina ies on the floar, Yolanda smiles and waves to the crowd. Then Claudina gets up and pushes Yolanda onto the ground. One minute, Yolanda is winning. The next minute, Claudina is winning, The spectators go crazy! ‘Away from the ring, many wrestlers are women with LE families. At home, Yolanda has a normal, quiet family life. She has two daughters, and she makes clothes for a living. Her father was also a wrestler, sc tradition. in answer to the question daughters like to become wrestlers one day?”, Yolanda says they wouldn't. She answers, “My daughters ask me why | do this. Its dangerous, and they complain that sa family wrestling doesn't bring any money into the house.” So why does she do it? Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans—andshe has lots isis named Esperanza Cancina. Esperanza pays $1.50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring, She likes watching wresting because, she’says, “We laugh and we forget our problems for three or four hours.” Competitions 272d Joining a group Speaking 41 Work as a class or in groups. Interview different people. Find someone who: 1 isamember of a team or club, 2 has to go to regular meetings (e.g., every week), 3. competes with their team or club, Real life talking about interests 2. Work in pairs. Look at the ads below. Would you like to join one of these clubs? Why or why not? Join our running groups for beginners and for more experienced runners. It’s non-competitive and fun. 7 p.m. every Wednesday. tay friends? ‘The Barton Photography Club welcomes re enter our summer photography competition. Call Mike for details at 415-555-2671 BO rR em acs new members. We are a busy club with regular speakers Join before March tst and Fist prize is a new XPBi cameral The entry fe is $15 (including membership). Visit www.bartonphotoclub.com to join. OLE AL, OCT AGL, Have fun with a local theater group. We are ere} pees cous ees pees) Mee eck eee iene eeercu Write to Mandy Giles at mandy76@gmail.com 3 DEED Wo people are looking at the ads (from Exercise 2) in ther local newspaper. Listen to their conversation. Number the ads (A-C) in the order they are discussed (1-3) A B__ c_ 4 [MB Listen again and complete these sentences with the words you hear You're really ________ taking photos. 1 2 Wall, joining something else? 3. Are you acting? 4. standing up in front of people. 5 'm_______good at singing. 6 Youshould _.. Ithink you'd enjoy it 7 think I'd — join this one on Wednesday evenings. 8 It like fun, you come, too? 5 Workin pairs. Match the sentences in Exercise 4 With the three categories in the box below. Talking about interests and abiliti Do you like taking photos? {'m good at acting. I'm (not) interested in photography. Talking about plans Vd like/prefer to join a running club. | wouldn't like to do it. Recommending and encouraging It looks interesting. Goon. I think you'd enjoy You should do it with me. 6 Pronunciation silent letters [SE Some letters in English words are not pronounced. Listen to these words from the conversation and cross out the silent leters. Then listen again and repeat. 1. interested 4 could 2 should 5 what 3. friends 6 whole 7 Work in pairs. What other clubs would you like to join? Why would you like to join them?2e Advertising for members Writing an ad 11 Work in small groups. What makes a good ad and a bad ad? Think about ads you like and don’t like in magazines, on TY, or online. 2 Read the advice about how to write effective ads, Then look at the ads on page 28. Discuss these questions as a group. 1 Which ad follows most of the advice? 2. How could you improve the ads? (CCA aaa Sd © Start with a good headline. You could ask a question or solve a problem. + The ad should explain the reasons for buying something or joining a club * If possible, offer something for free or a prize. * Include any other important information (dates, times, location, contact information, etc) * Photos, pictures, or images always help. 3 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new club, Discuss these questions What type of club is it? Who is the club for? Are there any rules for members? Is there a membership fee? How much is it? Where and how often will it meet? 4 Plan and write an ad for your club. 5 Writing skill checking your writing It is important to check your writing for mistakes before people read it. Read these sentences (1-8) from ads and find one mistake in each sentence. Circle the mistake and write the correct symbol from the correction key. Each key is used once. 1 Would you like to lean a music instru Enter our exciteing competition! Are yeu geed at play tennis? It's fun way to get fit. #@__ 6 Join this club new! Get healthy and play yoga 8 Call peter at 07 237 5980, __ Writing correction key Sp = spelling mistake Mot missing word ' punctuation mistake Prep reposition mistake er grammar mistake wo word order mistake c capital letter mistake wal = wrong word b Read your ad from Exercise 4 again. Are there any mistakes? 6 Display your ads around the classroom. Walk around and read about each other’s new clubs. Think about these questions. ‘+ Which clubs would you like to join? ‘+ Which ads are effective? Why? 7Before you watch 1. Work in pairs. Look atthe photo of horse racing in Mongolia. Answer these questions, 1 Do you have horse racing in your country? 2. How popular is it as a sport? Key vocabulary Read the sentences (1-7). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. Write these words and phrases next to their definitions (a-g). 1. Inthe Olympic Games, each winner receives a gold medal. 2, T got 100% on the exam, so I feel very proud of myself. A religious man blesses people. My horse can run like the wind. At the festival, there were displays by actors and performers. 6 Atypical rodeo includes events such as bull riding and catching cows with ropes, 7 In this competition, [have one main rival who always tries to beat me asks a god (or gods) to protect something or someone 'b_ pleased because you've done something well © shows or presentations d_ ametal disc given for an achievement ©. very quickly £ accompetition where cowboys show different skills & a person who is as good or almost as good as you at doing something 4 CORR Watch the video again. Choose the correct option (a or b) to complete each sentence. 1 The Naadam is a Mongolian festival a spring b_ summer 2 Mukhdalai and Namjin are horse who compete against each other. a riders b trainers 3. Mukhdalai and Namjin a like b don't like 4 There are about race. a. twenty b cighty 5 The starting point is at the a top of a hill b bottom of a valley ‘wearing green and white, a Mukhdalai’s son b Namjin’s son 7 Mukhdalai’s horse is in first place for race. a the whole b_ part of the 8 Itis Namjin’s horse's __race. a first b fifth ‘each other. horses competing in the After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context @ CXR] Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. bb Work in pairs, Ask and answer these questions. While you watch 3 CORRE Watch the video. Number these 1. What are some annual celebrations in your country? actions in the order you see them (1-6). — Mukhdalai’s horse wins the race. — The riders leave the starting point. 2. Imagine you and your classmates are competing ina 100-meter race, Who do you think will take the lead and win? Do you think this person will, finish a long way ahead of the rest? —L. Areligious woman blesses the horses. —— Mukhdalai receives first prize. — Ahorse rider picks up poles. — Two men wrestle. 6 Work in pairs. Write five questions about the Naadam festival in the video. What is the Naadam festival femous for? 7 Work with a new partner. Take turns asking and answering your questions from Exercise 6 about the Naadam. Uott2 compations @Grammar 1 Circle the correct options to complete the text about an unusual competition. The first bed race was in Knaresborough, UK, in 1966. The rules are simple. Each team "at /Iits £0 race with one bed on wheels. There are six people to a team and one passenger. The team must / doesn’t have fo have either six men or six women, or you ? cat /can’t also race with a team of three men and three women. The passenger “ has to / doesn't have to be an adult, but he or she 5 doesn’t have to /can't be younger than twelve years old. The time limit for the race is thirty minutes, and you * can't /have to take longer. 2. BSN Work in pairs. What sports do these people play? Describe tivo rules for each sport, Venus Williams Lionel Messi Usain Bolt 3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these verbs. 90 learn lose watch win to speak another language is very useful 2. Peter is very competitive—he hates —_ ‘Trying is more important than 4 I think ____ toa basketball game is ‘more fun than iton TV. 4 BSXIEI Complete the sentences in your own words using the -ing form. Then tell a partner. 1 ____is very good for you. 2 I'mreally interested in 3. Idon’t like * UNIT 2 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Vocabulary 5 Write the missing vowels in these words related to sports. Race with a partner to see who can finish first 6 Work in pairs. Answer these questions with four of the words from Exercise 5. 1 What do you have to cross in a race? 2 Whatis the opposite ofa loser? 3. What type of competition is Formula One? 4 What do you call a group of people who like an athlete or a sports team? 7 BSXUD Work in pairs. Choose three more words from Exercise 5 and write three questions for them. Then work with another pair and take turns asking and answering your questions. “talk about sports and athletes Real life 8 Complete the conversation. Write one word in each blank, A: Are you interested * painting? There’s a new evening class at my college. B: But I'm not very good ?____art. A: I'm not either, but I'd like Come on. You should do it*__ B: Sorry. What about doing something else? A:!___you like taking photos? There's also a class for that. B: Actually, that sounds interesting. 9 ESEIEI Complete these sentences in your own ‘words, Then share your sentences with a partner. learn. me. 1 mgood at 2. I think I'd enjoy learning 3. T'malso interested in 4 Lwouldn’t like toGRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 2 Modal verbs for rules Use To talk about rules, we use the modal verbs must, hhave to, and can. ‘+ Tosay that something is obligatory, we use must oz have fo. You have to train hard to run a marathon. Runners must arrive fwerty minutes before the race. To say that something is allowed, we use car Members can use the swirimiing pool for free. ‘+ Tosay that something is not obligatory but allowed, we use don't have to. You don’t have to be fit to join the club © To say that something is not allowed, we use can’t or must not, You can’t touch the ball with your hands or arms in soccer, You must not teave any bags in this area. The modal verbs must and have to, and can’t and. must not, have very similar meanings. In general, we prefer to use have to and can’t in spoken English to talk about rules, In formal written English, we prefer to use must and must not, ‘You have to pay $40 to be in the race. (spoken) Competitors must pay $40 to enter the race. (formal, written) You can't go near the pool witlt shoes ort. (spoken) Custonters must not zo near the poo! with shoes on. (formal, written) But remember that must not and don't finve fo have completely different meanings—miustn't means “don’t do itt,” while don't have fo means “it’s not necessary to doit” Form We normally use modal verbs before a main verb. You can borrow my runing shoes ‘The modal verbs must/ must not and can /ean'’t don’t work like normal verbs. They never change—we tse the same form for all persons (I, you, he/se/it, etc.) We don't use do, does, or did to make questions or negatives. as ee vyoulwerthey feanswim. —fean‘tswim. Can you helshelit She eanswim. Hecan't Cane swim? ‘The modal verb have to works like a normal verb. It changes for le/she/it in the simple present, and we form questions and negatives in the past and present using do, does, or did. lounwerthey have to go. idon'thave Do you have 1090. to 90? hhelshe/it _-Hethas togo. She doesn’t Does she have to go. have to go? > Exercises 1, 2, and 3 -ing form We use the ~ing form of a verb after be to form the present or past continuous. i'm getting ready fo go out. eas watching a movie, However, we also use the -ing form in seme other ways. ing form as the subject of a sentence We can make a verb the subject of a sentence. When we do this, we usually use the -ing form. Playing sports is great for your health. -ing form after prepositions When a verb comes after a preposition, itis always in ‘the -ing form. T'm not very good at swimming. -ing form after some verbs We sometimes put two verbs together ina sentence. The form of the second verb depends on the first verb. After the verbs lik, dislike, love, hate, cart stand, enjoy, and don’t mind, the second verb is in the -ing form. Jan loaes watching sports 1 don't mind running in the cold. > Exercises 4. and 5Exercises 1 Match the rules (1-6) with the meanings (3). Do this. Don't do this. This is allowed. You must wear your seat belt in a car. You can’t hit the ball with your hand in soccer. Boxers have to wear special gloves. —_ You can walk in a marathon, —__ ‘The students can’t use their cell phones during, the exam. —_ 6 Wecan take photos during the tennis match, 2 Circle the correct options to complete the sentences. 1 You must not / don’t have to kick the ball when. ‘you play basketball, You can only use your hands. 2 We must not / don’t have to go to the football game. We can watch it on television. 3. Ifthe fire alarm rings, you must / don’t have to go straight outside. Its important to be quick, 4 Tnrmany countries, you mist / must not wait until you are 18 to drive. It's not possible if you're younger, 5 You don't have to / must not come tonight. Stay at home if you prefer. 3 Circle the correct options to complete this email. How are you? I'm doing well. You asked me in your email about the gym I go to, so here's some information for you. You" have fo / must pay for a whole month—you? don’t have to / can't pay for one visit. When you pay, they give you a gym. card, You don’t have to / must not forget this carl because you need it to get in the gym. like to use the bikes in the gym. I usually ride for about an hour, but when there are alot of people, you‘ can't / must not use the bikes for along time. also do a yoga class once or twvice a week. You S don't have to / must not sign up in advance, so 1 usually decide when I arrive. One last thing—you must / can’t remember to bring towels with you becatuse the gym doesn’t give them to you. Why don’t you come with me to the gym next week? I can show you everything, Let me know! 4 Complete the sentences with the ing form of a verb from the box. I'm worried about my exam. a book is a great way to pass the time on a train. 6 Thank you for fall play help watch wakeup read 1. She's really good at. the piano, 2 Idon'tlike TV—it's so boring! 3. He hate early on the weekends, 4 5 me with my work. 5 Circle the correct options to complete the conversation, ‘A: Why are you ! cleaning / clean the house? B: I’sdinty. Why? As Wssuch a nice day. Why don’t we? doing / do something outside?? Staying / Stay at home is so boring, OK. What do you think about“ go /going for a run? A: Thate! yim / ramming! B: OK, how about ® going / go for a walk in the mountains? ‘A; That's a good idea. We could taking / take a picnic with us. B; Great! love * eat / eating outside on a sunny day. A: Good—you can making / make the picnic for us, then! me ©See oe ey FEATURES 34 Transportation solutions Find out about some ne transportation ide Transportation around the world Comparing different types of transportation The end of the road How much longer ean the rickshaw surviv Indian Railways A video about one of the world’s largest transportation networks 1 2 3 in pairs. Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think she is traveling like this? [XEH Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t the woman inside the train? Work in pairs. Which ways of traveling would you prefer f the activities (1-7)? Give your reasons, bybicycle by bus bytruck by plane by train in my car ina taxi on a ferry on fo ‘on a motorg) ona ship 1 visit relatives move house and furniture (0 the air cout in the evening toa party or restaurant commute to school or work go shopping