y x \ Design stePs for deck slab or galAsiob . 1, Pexmissible Streases See ie Fen) »* est. (fy) = mM . fe eS dala watis we Axe A Re M&pe LK. \ MEbe+ GL glk be f = in a. Depth of stab xelor 2 effective shan. i) Assume the thickness oF slab eae # : 2 i ° dia co) Grenevably dialp) oP bax Provided. of 26 mm NScume clear covey onal pind echve defth. b) fective sfan: 3. Dsaw csvss section of Budge . | Kéevb a} Keb y x evb height ab kepb fe{| 4 = ———————— 4 Dead toad and Bening moments. If) Dead dead ef dab = x via ab Ye = unitot een a shea] BEE ab Uhcbr i) Wearing coat = wy ¥ Weaning cook Unicter Woz daddy Fe) Tebal dead load (uy) = 1457 8 om deod lead). Y) ending m ent (am) fd lox Mu = Wd leReve 8 a S Live lead ond Bending momert- > Bending moment will be calculated accexding da | TRe toad clacaifeation. | > Fox beackel AR Nehicle, axa will he maximum. > Imfack Pactoy Por class AA if ass fox gm andl \ decrease fineasdy tox for qm shun “Ee Hl) “Fv te) Ea esa) i We loge af backed vehicle = 3.6m xem claph Af leading diagram) te = Uitkness of slab bu = Wiiceness off weaving coat. t f be Has ) ToRact factor} xp\ %) elective tength a| | ee. 1) effective width of sab. | be = kt [te al +b We tive Perrg | je tine dv A= ePhective Je area of Jead, | hg Ke Arbo, Hee ‘ Tefen poe © 15¢ Kdebeire| | i % Yate. | fl B= usidth A Sah || DisReysion of Lad due t rhe clot] 1s ePhechive ls BA vehicles Slab, Longitudinal view heres 3 * Heckive wil > The Weil ey ae closed to Kech with the itd minimum clearance WV) tal toad of two tacks with imack =pst+ast x (x) AIT = tOKN were = (250 +250% [u-x#)) average intensity: off dead ws “oe laxbe YY tae efPective J pf be = Rood) ene width. 2 = Distance ive epkye of Seely hha Sor vate bw © Bodh of concen brite, “Uhwe alg, Inlet of load ta = effective Kod f \ i@ . ‘wal ae fron Total design mnomenfi= moment-dead lead lve lead 6 Shear due to class AA-_kyacked Vehicle ? Fox mosimum shear ak suffest, The Rc ceesAn backed wehicle is oxsovged. kK— le a : te dood Position fox 70%. Shear’, Then the effective width df) ddecsion & be = Kea (t- Dabs | bw=0.35+Qhw 1; Now, dead irstontiéty (w) T= Distance céshom sully | wo Whack ' - — Enybe | 1D shear fosce tp = wdeta-[lea) | L | tit) Dead lead! She a ie | 2 | Total cheay = falePty ie Basion of Deck Alab, | effective defth required 4- [A | provided! Pat defth fei | e ve dePth should 4 with vequied elective “an (be 1m Reinkexcement- Aete Bided | AdoPE asm dia bay along Length off than | Disb sibudien Bore, 2 i Bending moment for distribution steel. | Md = [0.2 Medend-03 Madive). Use 12mm dia bay. Ask> —Mdire | St J. ay, AtH, 1S AF oF i || $. check for shear otress \oq7 aoe | Ge ooo 46.93 Vu = Shear shress b= Im d= effeckve dePk. Prom able iq ob Is usbivece pind Te G Should be LE than Te er Then only Letion wall ek,,RDER Design oF ashen pee aaa ee 2 ~ CouRBeNs Method) 6 [Design © Rec Tee beam gird bridge wling Chany | ‘deny width of Yad way -— 3-5 skanCele of beoxing) ~ lor Gve bood + rpc class AA brecked (ehicle Niberdi veoxing Coat ! gomm Material Mag wd Fews using Courbon§ method) desler, the! oan ielex’e! > arr, AMS Sketch the tuprcal deballg f veinlecemest. |. Givendata : width oF coreinge = 28% the | are effective sfonof Tee Beam ‘ Hém a Z Ue Loading : ERC cnes A tenche/ vehicle, : | Conewete : * M25 Geode 1 | Steck + Feuig Grsade HYS) boxes | Thiekinece of Wweaxing cat — Thickness of deck Sah ol = fomm = 200 mm (assume) 2 Coleulationof chstgn cool ctentl rRc 21+9ey0 Gr) | Beem Table ¢ of recat Sy =3.33 Mme | Penn Table lo ofhe ay 1 SL = Qoow| nm | fear Table aloe} medular ritia, “m= lo L. gp. dey Neubsal aig '5 exciton eS leek mage + eee, ey Otte ell ae | |u Bin SEM = 0.908 fuorent factor) Eb d KK =f ¥oqeMo.2qUKF = 1108 (3. Covss section ob deck. | Thsee Jongitudinal gidersfmnaim prders} axe Provided at AS m intesval&, 28 =2smi} width of longitudinal Gisdess =300mmn | DePth of tongrtuctinal Gredes =|bcb rl vom Perm 4 Kesb with boom wsidth ane Seornrn deeP axe Reovided | ak both sides. Ce08s gisdlers axe Provided af every urn intesvals width oF ass givdex =300x%nm Deh of owes gisdey = Koomm (Po shiby. caleution debeh gisdess axe taken Same] gorigoRefect ab i.gminterval \' - of ess vider Llengitectinal , Sa Sais pasop— 2600_|._2.t00__| a cts Dedoe decks Tee BearnEade ee Tee Ceam & Deck Mab \| : 4 | 4: Design of tabesy Slob Panels. a) Live Jeod BM and a. ae Fos Intexioy slab Ponelg Re ches beacked Uehicle 2g ag load. Fox was Bm one wheel at centre off : | B= OBS+RNO8 loin, (Prom Rt ar. fhe Ve 3.6 + to.og =3-26m 4 e =36 Rouen a 8k oay PRs 2-88 00 Using Pigeauds cue Pov k= 0.6 the moment Gelinas awe MMoo = 3.5 DMP onRs M00 =9.5 > 2 =0,028, | | |Showt sPan moment, Mg = W(rry+-0.15m,) = 390 .08S-+0-15 Xo«c85S) = 31.06KNm long sfan moment, My = “(or +016 vy) 1 = 380 [o095+ 01S Xore85) [13 BlKnm A loading 5 innfack foctoxs, the Trrfact factor foe Re Class A, APPlyeng Continuily and moment& are a = Shoxt 5 farmnoment MB = 09 LASYIp0g = 3. Chto — bong sfan ‘ tf) Sheay force Pam bess tyyoy = On2g total live load) Me = OBLISYIIAL =13-2I kum = 3304 Abxits) Disfevsion of wheel in diseckion of-sPan noRiotabenseg) < SLL m Fos rnaix. shears force live load Ke : Pe Such that whole disheesinn IS 20 SPONTHE locd KeP ab but beavn tt = artes} from edge ate pe ae tat) Pg As Pex ERC @l28000 Cuse 305.16.2, fox SiNgI6 Comcentee Lend the effective width of Slab, bep =aoli- e144, Clears length of ‘Slab Panel, b=fa ax 038 ate Hest, aso.205m bi=[g. 6+ato08) = 3136 pe BRL 68.ll Pot value hatell on -b Fe hoe f Pos continuous” X= ass The fective sith of- stab (bep) sol ali- “a4 +hy 22.56% o-res[}- 288) 43.6 = 4.48 m | Load Per metoy width of the sab = oe = ReAakKN Maximum shea boxce i Slob = 3.99% Boe ei, Mace SF uti Trfack 126 yunag =S4F0KN (Bho dead 8M and gp [i caf weight of the decksab FO.200¥395 x1 =Sk ame Ww Wwe = COBRA NPS Kevfn® Werolal dlead doadfSeht = Stiae~ 6.26umhmt | oe Be BS _ ft ek Sh RS fea OAS bate ELS Mea O16 A Moment due to dead! leeds axe 5 Shast san mement Mg = Wm teks) | = C2628 y)a.ap a t6paa) © 3.4lknn | bong shaun Me = Whim +o.1em)) \ AO REX2 S146 acs orcnonout Sheehy bh.r 6 - or a Le pe ) prying Conliniily into elec, Shoxt sfan ynement MB EO. BYI4) = 249kWm Leng slr moment My = 0.8 ¥1.5% = h96 knyn ™ax sheay fosce due to dead load © 636189 ay kay | i ff Design momertS and Sheoy foxces | Tolal design Bm2 of of both dead £ live leads | Shost Pan moment Me = (2h06 49.25} = 32.94kN-on Long sfan moment M = [19-21-4196] = ly.u2 km Sheas Poxce = sq20+3 yy = SHIN KW (d) Design of deck stab. The effective defth weqine Pow: deck Slab 28 ie re a eae a - Be wea ies Ua Let ub odePt, overall dePth be Reomm and effective defth be 125m. Aven of veinhescement fox shower Panph slab Ast = Mp B-Faxyo® a Lid Booker 1022+ 32m Using Ibm bax sPasing — Parise i J a = Toray 000 = 185-85 mm Provide ismm @ tSomm cle aleng shore anise 29 Wood effective defth for dong sPan YS lo mn hase d=12ts -Kg = 162mm dea of Reinforcement aloreg dong kpan Asks Me U2 %0S = use.3s ink Bid Rook anqoRxio2ae | USing jomm SPaving x Bae | Provide tomm @ 180 cle en dong Shon, e) che _fow sheax fowce Nominal Gheay Lower styeos Cae e Ss e 32u M4, From table IRA Re a-R000, lor Mg grade of toncret Gnas = hn Mfr cate BOER TE) og Hence Safe, Pevcentage of Lensite veinhoscement & = FE Nte0 = 18HO-$ 00 <9, 22 Meee = [Plo 23 mr Tecott9g Prem 128 table | Te = 0363 whiny | Feem Table 190 l K= 1.20 | 7 + || Pesmissible shee shress in concede = KT Hl 80Ke363 \ [0.496 Wy? |: te pigs SHE 8 within sole Bmay [5 Desitn of Longitudinal 6) maim ide, | 9) Calculation off Reaction factors. Using Coushong methed, TRC clas AA whaad dood OS arxanged Pore | | max ecrentriedty |HOS. alsa ae Gen nas, tS, | aaa, || a | | | Trovesse Pestion oF Rc| clas AN strack d vehite || Reaction Factos for the swniex cute gisdex | Ras fy EE a) | a = oe fi wages” e| | Ra = asst (14 LATtE 4A Sx] ach rrasus = {lot uy Reaction: Pachor fos innex gicder Re fis Sindee) e wet (1 +o} [tere dx =] = dur = OO6FW, Heese) Wy = on SW a, Ra H(hlomogw) = 066695 Re = o6b2hoSwy =013335W b) Deod lead Qiand! SF in maim gieley Dead dead) off deck slab Per meter voidth 8 calalated by Fyre./ | Self wk of WECBING. Cog t- (o-c8y}, Poofel railing me... | Fa | seettsone hah Y ] Kbco s}-—_Hes ., Noe ~ Pb Débailé of deck stub, kerb, 2 Porafel Ise cok of Pacapel sailing Rode Hox83} = 16936 Ry sepust of Deck Slab (odovwevas) 2 ices ew sah wk of- kech Lago ragorgs) = 2.800 kal Pay eo| | SESE Total dead lead of dock £5 Pes melex wy} w+ dh = Niseag 16.2646: & . = 4E 3 asaumed ceed load) vnileoly g ae 2 Dead lead) Po : wed Goll Pirdess, © each giedoy - ca 29.3% ey nip ; rh ‘ ~m i longitudinal teed) tse hove ohuumedl debth of gredeca$ Iboo mm and width ag Scomyn, DePth cf seib— Total defth- defthef! deckslab =igee2eo =Iyeo wet of vib Fes metey wsicth FO3MYN9S = JoiS KN | AS exces gitler ix.asumud to hove Seine exes Sectional | dementions af main gicder. | ' 2 Seip ot f hall cree gireler hecmibrvitll, ~lo.skal |kal 77 fenton toon ewes giles en main girder e lo. 5105 96-919 ka “ deck slab on each = Madaket = 034+ 1.G0 + Tolal ckedlercdl on main gidey 99-BTKM yy | Suplost veaction at either of suflocts = BREINE +26 25x3 | = 362.34 KN mid sfan Mrnaxe) ax = 302-3Ux 8 - 39.59 BNE 26. a5y = mox Fat SublotS Uno = 309.34 KAI C: Live loedl’ Brn ond sf 3A main girder. Since IRc AA Lyacked Vehicle tofal cocight of FookN 8 adding Uheough length 3.6m, theefere pl ik aepie. for max Bm, five lon act at mex Amat centers og M | | | M61 BKd =m | gentye Mrngce = 8 FEMOFRINXIE]y 20 = 2yRGKA-»y z 36 Infact foctor, fos sho Ibm = lox Bn of maain givdlews include denpact © reacleon factors. fox cutey Grew = uasK hloynsuas = 113K, Mt Binies 8 FAYRSK Moxa 3335 ~G/.6 Quy,Reactien Paz on grey B ub = SSEIOMS = 6 kn) " Az = -et205 =999K oo 2.8 | Tela ood on gies B= 350463 = u3kal Mex. Reactiin in guder B= AEA. 2 = 366.5UKNV MCAS SDS 294.7 Kay Max SF due te lve and fdead Pre cuberrginles = 26yAly tip = 230.18kA) hy Trner girder = 366.5440 — 4oa.lakv » Design Bm, and Ste.wv Princes ck watias Moh é. Design of sedlion fos dongtudinad gicder Myrece © 2244.83 KNern Vinat = tes 63kiV, longitudinal section aasurred a3 T-seclion, eHechive debs d= (Ysomm ‘ , = Lhe. ges thot Aisea. ff weinkercement wequortd Ast ‘ae Pare = 1060 81S mrt, 05€ 3dia lan’, Nos = geet 219d ey Provide 29-$ of lb bax vad An UseuIs at = : 12269-4bnvA| Nomina) shox stsess T= = zesnue = 1-692 Wnt co Prem IBA IRc al-B020 fer Meg Grose = Gham As Pew clause 304.7. TZ Gray Sf Assuming ahars 36 hentup dt suffort Secken. Shans resisted by bent bores \! be Sy Au Sine = Boor Rv E)xsinude 16 n999.us KW Balanced SF aflox Postal resisted by bent uf bans VE Une Vb = 105.59 -284-48 -y 78. c5ku! oft stor = 1282.18 + 100 DT QGEL from 128, 2l:8cco C= 2089 Wham Shear weimfoscemmnt (4)b= V-& hd = 4A3.099 -OFL VDONYSOND- A130. loKA) | use 4 legged —16 > bax8 vertical stissufs, sequice SPeting | | : Aous = ea = | Bd (Sina +c} $= (ot Feu Hetanttusoncina’s caso’) | 230: lo vie3 : C : As Pew SOP , shung MAX > 3a5myn 2. Psaide ulegged 108 @ 00mm cle 5 vertical sti 39S 3 Yny,¥ \ i gTthe Vorow, Skeps Involved are ax Pollows :- (Doign Procidurt }o Platt Giriaay)) =) Compute the Lil § Oi moments and SF the self weight of the girder may be assumed on xt) tn kam: : where «l= spanveP he Gridet” c “the ‘Besign moments. and S.F are Computed by applying. Impast Fathers’ to the live loodreomes Grd “Shear os per TRC Cores impaut for 428 4 Bespertinelyy. 2, % — Apprasioile’ edt” of Gubler 14 Foe *F hese > eerily NLS . ascites a t= clesign Beet : : : S52 Petinidetble?banang shessea, In. Shee! as Spaifed bn fray for plete eriders, the Perenigsibte Shere 1S Wbtlram © 190 llrBy clear depththieunets Yalto oP Uste ! Brave thanepyy, ws % arsurn' ng the the@chness of wach a (12 mm. og usb Ios de | eae te Txt > Ve ShaayPorce, Ty = average ohear ghes Spaited ay BSNAnad - for ont seel Jagrtond 2 YO HE @ =y Approzimole Plange, are yequlred fe AP {a (af eas Aved“of iweb tae Gatty d= ePerhive ceplh. AP = Arco. ‘of Range: 35 Pang? tstdth Epp B : oF ei To ao > Flange angle not exjk l6xt for mild Steel.” leet By. hySd: tz trideness of thinest Plangé plate int Cane + oh ate Connethions - for Uebled etic met ake. ‘nit@ the pretertion- Seton 1s checked fer permesthle chess, ‘on per Tee 2H. g the Connection b/s flange @ web. is derign bo resist & Mostimum horizontal sheor: t =[ veal + Us Sab the Seton. O = Grea of Plange 9s distance of Cenbustel of orea fom NA T 5. Setond: morenl area. © The size; OF the Loe le is detigned! lo yvesisk this howtentan’ ; Pore.» rs ; @5 Spacing of Intermediate sifhers 15 given bye” (Cis > bx: Z O4Xd 5 he lnlermedicle ShMfherg are. derign fo have @ Iriatmum moment a inet, Given by a HG co de depth oF web £5 thidineys oP Web Ce Sparing o& shiffners =) The Sukstend Of yhprers Shebinet reaction Ai sont IGE the Gonneition of Infermedtale Shifters: toy boeh is, : th design bo yesisha, hovitontal SF of nck letsthon 2 SE ln. k= thleboas oP heb Lr): h = oubstand of SHE Rrer Cen), & the end load bearing ahFfrer is deigned HO » Column 1 Assuming» ie. Serkton, bo Consigk of the Pedy of Aber together sith a lengh oF weh / ~&% cath ide oP the Center length oP the ' Sher and equal to 2oKweb thickness. The permissttote sheer exe clreehed ax that fv Gomerersion eaauee “adsumiag On CPRuhie “Heng = AKL © Ube bei f vo Iovautngs ‘Consisting of iliac derlgn fo weatsts He ‘Loxonlal tulad loed* @ Provided for Span >20m, CoePliegt- whd lead on. O12 teal,i matt ° tae | Fo —hee a e408 Tnltemechady dither End beating Mhifren, Elementé of Rate giedew ~and 18 dekign fem 4 web ; ing bec, | >The web + Gisdes an be Constant height o of Varying height | + The givder with Varying dePth of web catlof haunchedl Givdey. (+In destoning of web, we compute dePth defend on ax. an} and thickness CdeRends on shea ebrefS) DPN of Plate ge ( EA a we ff here = deslan am ofr \neorfectlirg tract ple. = Peemithiflo bending stress = o, ‘chy fy = wed SkrefSop steol > Th thi c ised web can he Audet bated) on shear they h ie Trodequate di (ont, ‘epic i / : ae ak. z 5; head Lo sob bucking Yield Shey ase gwen by rs Sec (lagu.é rare “The dlange sheuld Pechoally bea Single Plate nl 0 Pile off suitable thetenesS iS nel- “Aunilable . > The width of Pate defirds on Shin to wwidlh waihin ete + The fonge cheutd be Wekee connected to web by welds to beonemsf | the hosizerital shear force combined with ony Weebial Lord) | which ase divectly applal) 5 (> The thickness of flange Rate may calculate basedan | effeximate vequinementS off flange aren, = A Aw | R= BIG where d = web dePth | Aw = ana ofuweb + However, culstondl oPflonge shoulln€ be grober than gstoneS Hrickmes of Ratt. * The web and flange can be checked for cvilical slregee8 |) a8 biPulatad by rs 00[1q84] 5 To avoid web foilaveS[dagoral buckkng) a3 wxetlad comly with Lewer web thicket’, web must edepyrately eu fered) lokeeaily by stiffness. atupeg 9, | | Vestical slid dvcaled ovee length ef spon | 2 Becowing 1 1 at Suplerks af Glan. ry Vestical stiffners | Vestical obras axe Provided ab i > rat greater than lod and not lB than 0.23 . “ d= defth off web. + The web Panel dimention blw bwo stifners shswldind grealh. than Qrobimed thicenots of web. _ } “The length of ulclorching Log eff vatical stills may taken IR bme& thicknotsof web.7 cthaie hal fide. mar , whichés net he de8 than a = ‘ te dt 8 C= cleows dittance blu lwo chiflness These stiflers comected to web Pabco Lo withetond tp Shearrfosce at intrlace blw web and stiffrers Fs jaget b= web Uicknas in mm ' h= outstand of aillncs in mm F = sheorfosee fr kell End hearing stiffs. Toll age Provided a Print of cuffats. » Ab strengthen Fhe web and Lensmit hy : ‘oflage of Plote gixdess. ONE reactive forces | These axe designed! 23 GllomnS P Sectional owen cork off siifnes thine i th PeechlRob.)on eithes side of eat Shas’ f. fs ipo tora ea used) to debecm’ odik i ord an check Column henna EHP Ain > nally, bord) : foal hearing by 28 stim column Shouldné be greater eo aa, lotewl Brung “PEBa sustim of co feomed? located i ci and web emedling Plangek aoe _ d é [1 Lalewal del remnctlion is induced by. tcind Load sohch ack normal be ontee Line off web. * lateral beasing mqyion if Shan exxcead$ orn, * since the Pate givders ff = by i consierbly d ech so ude if nef ee |- Treseased: bePth creabS ola Auriface | over which ui ee oe» pesign Ductil€ welded falole grider bridge the fotlowing datos ePteattive goon of girder 280m (/') Dead load (open foo] SAsteilhn Coustent total Lt for BM Colutahion by trou = 2a 299k, Cajhalent total Lil Ry’ Sheay Catuitahtn by trou #2923 ky. Top of al love =10%:00m, Stde Sloper of tittle eat stg) foundation level = lo0's0m, Lsidth oP Abubnent = Um: paign the main plale Quer coith inkennedialeand bearing “gh? ies and (oleval Irddnge- adopled Rolled . steel section € Glee! plate, with an yield 2 ghresg: of 236N/ment, ie Av © Caluulation of Dead loods s- — ebpitive” Spank oP quaedoreenyy}?” Peod load brane = 3flef, | SelPuctght oR tke gidey = Couyt +1) : = (omsoti] Ht, Tekel Dead beed 2A UL Stein® Caltalaion of Live (ood, Copitentt total la Rar Qua = rk. Total Lil per faue = 2072 = [363Ska @ Trapaik ‘Pastor's Impau Raby for, Sleel yallway bridges wo) coeHtcleal- oF iiccende gone ie Heb ‘oa ® caluulation af gir i ‘“ ie BM dex fo Deed lood= bse 2 Musase = [@8leshg Bm de ‘ag path on Live ae ae Kose $902, 08D ' 5, Stops amie be. gf te Sait toted . aire Seeageml senate6 Caluslatiog oP SFI = lo expsetent holol (st for Skea Calusstction by brett eA, total Gt POY Shoew fper howe = aga y ME M63isteu, air ant dus bo Otad lead = va (uisx30 ae bar du vt < ws 2 MSS | oaiaiias a, 1, SF dus fe Tegal Rhos gas %o.32 + Saaihy Tote derlgn, Sr apusk again a - LE yo2t.uelles © Propottiong bal). seuton) of cement Approstimete degth oF girder: % bh spin ef vs Yo'= cate . zo0omm « Con sente ‘depth = s(val z eer ls “Woosh, odply ok py oft = [AliAonm, web depth based on Shear Gnslderahon> ‘cASumag cmm thiele plate (is aot 2 Srnrn] ‘ ~ dz Vv ; is Tux: "ds taninext3 esx. d > UPSVmM, ; 16oolninx (nee . ™ Qa webpleler , Ae (% Te Ah BeuNe-URIO4 ion » [sein HB to0) ise (3) BST26-46 mid: Flange usidth (6): bk *\3000 ty Bo00o GS. ae = 380 bo 66666. -Pcopt G= pean thays jo -_ equiveal {# af] 5 s is 4 DilgreeymR ee a pwside ite of Flange. pale Teoxsbenen 6 chet ee mestinSn shes es the: Setond sfroment of Area, oF the ‘sattton Qiven Tae =f at Pe st % eel 2 Slaten i as (85 ee] é i axspxtsoe? séoes)] Siar x 2uBsxlol mm Piven of total = (axooxsp + Cieenni) 2 Mroorndl,Yr Wate >Se «(aco Sl Sind? = [8999 w/pnrn? Z1SEN eet Hence the aubal Henge shay axe besa Suk Permmisstble [nits lewioble average Shear Sheas for Stel . Roaring Gs 236mm ( forge " eheay pha > “(@) E \ (ak fizesee (ee aS 2 63.6 2 8A mr Hence Cusevage, lakensihy “ost th te sake ferebssible thele o : 6" Connedtion los ea aad Leb !- medenun Qheor Bice a oy Turchon the ui & Range 1 ite. eu Te Vee : aeVs Laatysea Q = OONxSd men? T= Stax10 rare Y = Bsmm, Ts lnriexi&y (Hoox so) x25 SHAxto'° " T= 68a» ‘(rot a Aesuring & Conkinvos, Allel-, weld on ellher Shagth op side she oP He &:., we agora XSXI02 9) Gea = (yassKS 5 ex coal Tees “ah uy iow 1 od {8+ qtr, —" Pxdume een Fie weld Cerda on Either Slee ast cat sent ob sk @ Sree ‘ie the inlernedlelé Sie> | eve Blan 4 QA ininimum Of Moyenent of thesta Tm (sed b> eles roSpar \ ey of dhftheys = o13avd bo bS%d = O:83¥ 600 fo 1'SK1600 $28 fo 2oormm: "Pedop:tSeonr’ Spadg. (4 +8 fie = 183133 28S. Greakesl- Un Support pannel dimension oP useb . = {Sbommn 2 220 bw: = [Sbommzzicll2) = [Sdomm ZBAYOmMm « & 3." T= woe ata ~ T lng Loma thiclplte dutslond ob SHfhes Should’ not hse fauk =>(2¥1e > Lome Adopt loram plate by Higher Te bi3_. 1oxlno? a Re Mi = [yyooo0 = oo(onnection of verheot oliinens fo web . elasXf? — faswia: oe a ae hz outstand’ of shffner- ts thickness oF ubb: = |somm gre of weld (8)=" So = Qlomm: oraxio? aS We , l6omm long ‘Sn — Minirnumn Se llermedtal# wells toxt oftukve tengh op wall = sloxlg = 20mm Wwe lGorr long Sram “hea Fitter veld 00, elthevside. lpg a N° aay) OAT ® End bearing abthere— masdmai 3! F a taans ll: the end bearing, ahthier “3s. designed % (Een Lohere. sh soutstand , t= tRavep 7{ssume. iP hs Zoomm, ba ts hie = 25mm We 300mm by asin ale. Permissible eorng SHAS 5°. 8A ule. ana yeapiired —, 1201y C103 Beata, ‘yegzlired mths a Gupeabihes YH hao piel are wees total aves provided : gt = [e00mnsKi] " = 1SDOOMONM GUC tothe "met? sublenee, Sal, The length of W2APlale tabith ods dong wit \n bearing {he Yeattton, hhrer plates, = LORE! 0's © Sey OOK 240mm -eS ae + 5] om ong ( se] Te 499-60 mm! ae Grav $ave] = 21060 ted , i Gilaciton rabow(%) "be 1% =e. 5450 S6men. © effabve eg ne = 019 X1600 oF {20mm. J+ Wo. s a (sise : ) AS pey lod + SE a _ Perm Shes ead th eaial Contin Obfalred ay. =| genlrnn? « _ Pies aus - (apy 38 OOM HP = $t61: gran 4150) 1m “Et be pedis JS skier 1 web B Conetion being ire length oudtlable Por welding ving _ InlemiHend - 2.9 [ieoo-4o] + 80mm: Required Shensth oPiwseld = - (ata a) ‘ - oi e/a Sie of weld = sud pciabeonnn 2 OFFX02 > . Ure. Gmm Ende: Allet welds bP. [600mm lergt ‘Totemriltently on bothsides. © © Loderol gui » fov' “rerteting, tana eek lateral: byaungs.. 6%. provided. 6S -=y End tv8$ Frame, and fnkemediate oe oon Fraime ave protlde Rye ‘gpens 136 ea aie lead = 1Sktm(usu depth of. Givdev =tAm CoePArcden oP wind load on ( Ceword = Os. wind load on wndword Girder= Wee h &80 = AGS heed wind ood on: leeward Girder 2265x012 = IVastd Total vind loadon ulind ward + Garde leeway d 2 F6S$ 112 2 Wibzkd i ol ca yang = blast, Assume lateral loa forcer , TH reuling forte = 6X30 = 1 Tolal lateral load = eee.’ wo) ‘ Gureay Taye) {2 SHPOg Inspection and Maintenance of grdger \ ae = — = ’ pureeses Ned to know whelhey the, , wig is Shut safe gb decide the Course oP auton ty alle It sale. 2) To ‘denkRy astual buble ak the earliest possible y “Skage o's) hdd +) To betord eros g poi the Stale of the ohuutuye: Procedures agg. Me thods.. for InSpechon:- } L nie I Visual n szedins ~ This Is exattly ‘oka ‘b Sounds like’ Meobtors Vwi ‘yevied the” “eoadiion \ of the. bie hn cleted, cither by stendng divettly th frock oF pal of it 5 (easing! “Ak WF or "by uaslag & Remele visual fools Whe a “droie’ which Can provide visual inPoraon to ~ ral 3 ae Acoustic sped Bs er) Q, Ranmas ca ae, fo det the debi i i mn brrldgey- 4: ani 6 Pstceduye Poy chaia praqelhod_ oF Trsaperttons, >> the avea of defak will give hollows Sourd hie tan be iwvesHgald Puther, @ Harmen ev Sounding}. : Skmple Yubber hammer leet wed, ge the + bocaton, of defects 9 Ulrasonte pulse velocity teste teshey!- tool - =) Ubhasonte’ "ndhustent 8 6° ‘Banal baltery cpeete Portable inghwument wed Pov neeneg elastic a PYperkes oF Gnevete call : a4 Say the’ ‘orppavalubs for. seilsowats puse, vee fneesuremenk: Geosists of Des eae (Flechieal pune, ania - Ph Transducer ~one pg. : " a4 AragliPer : 4) Elechone bing vie, me the ne Bi Is oe on he” ‘paue Le dak The “velodly we on” Ugotrough “ry matelal depends ypooe the density, modus 0 lastly % polgsioa's YaHo oP the rly e Compavatvely higher veloc! 1s oblalned) when Concrete quality 18 Good! Hte in terms of densilyy tun Port hy homeqenelly ake 4 the wlhasonic plu Is generated by on eledto découstteal Nagle +f tandergors rnuttfte - YeFtectons at Ihe boundavie oP the difPerent tmelevat ee whith indides Longihinell hace (tI @ suvhae ‘ae? “the receiving Hane ducer deteds the ‘onsel of = wares; which ie the Paxtest” Aig, 2 iad: BS 5 Ms (Fox. goed. duct nage pose ‘velo : wile for ‘poor oul it ul be les, He b witl ke 2 tb. there, 's, o cl eid or + ha inside the reel « eth one, in the’ wy "oP. brontrission o the pubey, the pulie slrength 19 0Heaaly 4 1b passed oo the diistenutinaly Hhetay making the path length © longer. FSPuke wwlodhy ee Ie Conerele qpuly, sKermfsey Grad ‘ ‘Above Ys ee ~ Exeetlent ais to ues . a Good ‘ ( 30 lo as ~- vlan Se ao Reta > ee QoulbPull o Reda Bay Ths bs lina 6 cles a Shades Tmnege . fe, _ Salis ong percha seal SsuuH oe “rays ae raie. a Ve > these coi axe used b “plus ated img? © Pan abjed> b6a\- Alen: - Sia 2. aa. pe x ray Sern rey | source 18 plaued $n one shle ba peti a phalagropc ; Ply oo, he ie “gle ¢Gn image 2 fg able 5 the Bin. whl ie \n pitjlbion sesh ho lay dias “this lhe sul. i - - co rete bn he bn ave ato len bk eres, an ayoy ithe? tankast tno Yediegtoph 18. duty diffvet | degrees of absorption. of Y-vayp in. the. opecinen g depend, on Vamiations’ Ia Spetimen thickn cs diffeent chemical Congtluents » non-uniform densite flouss. 1 diScontiuilies, oy. to ene process, wilh, the Spedmens : > Some of the othe Closely velaled sited ave Tomography | f Rectopenny 1 Xerograchy ete. eo woe fe. ‘ * this welea, nbs ued on a ales ony aul ' molial thok toll “equi vibrabtonal Sound egy > An uthosen bsdedieey change, hgh Fegan | Pulyaling, jltege tale ibrcina! creas tah Properly hadet he ‘skeel wlth. Cellulose guemer “at Sycern® to _aliminele iy Speut » rest oF Hi MWe wound eneray Is _Gockaked fo the co nSheel Rix Feitlaglaa dain! g tab . when Coupe fp the sleel Ly the Warkkcer 'S “puned wlth high Feguiney Voltage. -the Sound’ frauole thiough the Slee! until o, uwuyteal Yunchon ts imek 7.Sad % the bau SuvPoue of the steels > From Here the sound vePleuts baue to the hranéductrs the bransdaiey’ produce 0. volte impure » which is Ped boule bo the Ubboss, ‘fee Stope oheve 0 ‘Signal is cal “ Galhode voy tube (Cai) ' 7 TP the metal belng Waghled hak E Mk, wile the path e Sound re ott ask ésn Gstbushey e Sunein e Some oe lis sound js. refleued a to the. hows , a vePleute! “olhege pulp uit eee On the CRT b. hhe Road back paved “Peal Ey pear > ulbasde leling & on ie ued? Yo ‘Va spall” bare mele or’ weld 4!°°By Intabtton $y Wolds, Crates ¢ laminotin'®:+ Bath | Surface ae Subsafere dlanfinultay can be ‘eet btis bak Go be ured ok bi © se fr | Sa Me Pn a© @smpatt Echo Leslng “ A ag thighs 0 _Sophisticaled version of. "Sounding! a volte which indltales mM inkernal Condthon ee masonry. o> The fechalguy tovolue, a. hernrrey Btildieg % mayney Suifere 1 with o reelesieg hensducey, botaled _ Near the Ienpatl eer . ie} > the hernrger, ¢.. jyecelvey ove _ Comal moe thak vec the lnpuk enegy ° ‘om ine hammers oithen vePeckeds” "Com pression loaue: ‘energy Brom the oh ae vecddeyr 2) Sea a4 a, YeSponse thet Can be , J'olerpreled ta deled- “Haus “iin move Shure Boney ion We rmalelal; Higher “the lowe Ltr ypeMeladtly- Weponsh ag rine! b veyil eer thier bedanigui CON ibe used! ; ford elewnintg a a Soundness OP Me. Wraaneiny. :X Teaing of byldgen'- Usual “Tngpatton = I Gorarmen rae ted by deravlmenks of heaspareln Noo-dethutlive, methodst-.suthian chaln dhagging a, Wanrinde Bodauhgt Oe Pert ym t Chale. rapping! rhe coy of defarulll que bat, ial shih canbe “waa ‘ae | Hemmer Sounding! Bgle. kha bees bake f uet bo geb the Locatin of pet betag- A sersilve “and aul “thelhe for fleledting “Subsukue ous. ; whegei daticneanise Phase thermegaphyt-\ A cigh-eRatye rth «Paves Aspen Norge sarees: oP deol. bj, Die Leet IGE esi avg Shuskuvel Xerpon se, an j Spatfe beading Gnditton. eo iat oeinbored Therncpaphe thermal ‘nfared Caner, oblalng Image Shasing gunswfare Aehate ay Ingher vsleoF yadant aenpeelne change Hhan the Surrounding Concrete thes produ i hotspots « Lithio He thermal VReawred tmoge« Bus be heat YequivementS, rearterements Gre generally {oben x . , Hak dung tmomlag oy evening lime Since ak, hime the femperehure thenis | in bite leu shous oor Variations, Dynevect mae load fa des \ntdipertive asi ‘nomi Ewe ankenanee Prows oP cathy bts ede gees pati Upege Cen show {oleter Rare Sushor cveuks 1 yolds cables inRox lag hewg in te Rom oP ders coloued ‘Sooke On imese O., they axe “rable bo blak the radéHon, _ CYatks perendielar bo yaalialton beam ove dPReuit bo ‘nietVisual Tngpathons- tt cllvadtly gives possible locate, —0P defers by observing. Lecection 1 Oger Stok & “* Grentelion of. craukg:y iPrrence, oF atkell- Sllic » Feetieo, or ePRlacence «94a fag damon Tt Bua, soe Mea of, farther, Investigation be needed or net, Ek dtpends on experenreh keastedge of lovee. To Pie Cratks tn, Bnidge mem berg, / > by Visual trspedtion aot g => by Usev 2 *3 Tropatk tha. > by Ugh neta g Ranga ( (ton ibe alle teil : Dake g Readeuk'] tt is an Bollea Female Serd'eg lethnoloay Uoar dott Gngisls: 6P best, eceluey | debe acquisition @ Gabo! unit» Tt Lie ; wae cltbeuisler oy inbaved Light 03 light energy, goure . Li Dnele rete Hdenhhe, ¢ (olleks vefleued phstoo Signals form He : ‘Warwick oeut-vohle wl Ay behgronde pole The dala acquistion F Conbol ¢yslemn Contains § a very precise Closk for dota toggieg @ distminaker, Compuley § Yeypertive Sofware, ¥ 2 identify Cowsten of Reloforcement :- enor potenttomele cot ~aetats the Rowe nagplve liad Uhich Pride a Mnatetion of Corrosion activity» ~ > this methal ts aot applicable’ to ‘Ppeay- Cooked ba6, "STb vequive a “dlveuk Connettion: to the reinkoxcemat ¢ 20 Injemal -tonnattin among the relabuing ‘side ne Concrete element» ee taleCover meter leah. Th Can delemine: locator oP rehiRreemien t @ extent of Covey. the Cover meley provide; ovo Requeres | Cle making - magneske “Field Into Conteh suikueg, Voltage change js then cleteded ¢ disployed tn weber | This labo 's aPrdable ¢ pale “uple cols , loo fo {25min foy mae Bearings : ies ares ” ihe Veet? ‘Coiihenents ab bridge Hat 19 :sudfedey fo usearg ear dur to lemperctuve ePRus: piPRereif- methods are Sultable fo deleninine Calley oresion A meme Plas in bridge beaviegs. | nSpethbn eh spayticle Teabing - Genevaly bridge Comporeyt ee ‘pat catgs hence Megnehs particle fetbeg is wed b gpicly 4 “ePhechvely enh Crates g ~ TES ecclenls ee Magnet al, Y : wtasonic TeAthg _ fo delermine Const, Catkents© this text Yerully Can help to eshmale the quay \ end Shength of isting —bilgey thak lerioraetllh le @ Aatty qoulk toh Patluves > pride teatting method, Cain help to eshemnle Iheqnatty and Sheagth of existng brides: 1 Walekeronte OF * Su dhatwe, ¢ Supe Sorne of the Common Syroploms X ¥ernedtol ee there of or? lisked beta; aklabwe oP “piabin) | Remedial meayurer: 0) Foundation, \) Settlement ¢— Moderal + Patking Under Supershuwe. Severe 1 Shobiltve by PIG = Axound, Poundahon, 5p DO, mere Alling ov yoot one oy Ye build, 1) Seog Medeyale =k pred by Prong. P Dorp tales around Ales th Scoure” bortton, “Sduere et Proted by. pile, @wund the -2) Suloshuche ) weathering of Prayoary ; N). verttal crauks ae ag TY) howttonlal craves yw tearing / bulging ale —\) Hottous LéAeln: mary | durte defective coorkmang 2 YL Reduutisn’ oP gap alerd ; f Qirdey 2 proleitlon works. ) Damaged pitching i Toe 0) denaabd i. hy Damaged apron onty Bed Glecks - oy athe 4) v bed plole . - pointing : Areubip wilh Lemen) plasley the marony Gioun tng, with, Cement, gaee ting, Increge the Seebion by Joukehiag BaulePl chan.» weep hole,» Sail/ yok Anchoring 1 Jaaleeting Rebbe . “Cront greeting + cheu the baadege 1 putt haute Girder after cheueig the vevhtedily of piers. : ‘ i | "))- -Repaly-tsith Store & point them: =, Rett Hem, —Repaty oF Tebulld then, : Gat 4) enlahtag’ of ed blahis unde’ — Repay ther wsith, eperty rntar aller Temoulng, ath loose mallyr i) (vated bed block + ¢) Bearings ie ) lonndad butnat served VW Coneded 4 seized he Tinpatt ob beadag otichemdthe lever of. bed bleds , ‘») rearing (erauieg/ bulging of chaghoene c besiigg f) Supershudure anes, 1) weathering My - Crauks tn arch , a Slee! Gers! plale firder. 1) weathered palo. Su! Ne pointicg 1 Greuhng oy precast, ="Cleene Gaye Hl. — Rephwe it. | Recork bed blocky eithor cabs Proulde a layero? Coty eoostarin rs the gaps, — Replat, the bearg with Jord Yatily beaving, Gusting j 3 ep ligey ve cotth Cement wh Grouting ith (ema 1 Faskelag | : inados Gr eahades. wssleel W WW) digtoyton of cHPP, ex} - " pipes i 4 _Dishoiton oP Setiy/ | Crake... -) t ty) Sag Wi. Re (ps Slabs‘ ‘W Map pattem aa: Gaus (nok Pregrassive) 4% Shusheral Cratks “iN Bag under hate load i aus Inantoreg oa? > NY Spotting: [ cnayhing AMY Sheey Ovauks Plea! Cr0thS\ . av Flea peeling oF 3 it) distortion of byadngs| the $s: ne/ psc Gide. ae 2» provide Gver plate. ie change the byatingS may he dur fp over fad. ~ * Redaign ¢ provide a heauier Seat, * “=(change the pipe by Rebuilding, “E shrengthen Sogeed potion. “ha undey Obsewahon © ie Grouling with Cpory « : = Replace the Slob. = Phony Grouting ,Repbré the'gnay - dunt 0g ~Bpoxy Shouting. sa