IT2-2011 Mamirkhanov Ramazan 29140
Chapter 1
1.1 What are the four components of a computer system?
The four components of a computer system:
Operating system, Hardware, Application programs, Users.
1.2 Provide at least three resources the operating system allocates.
CPU (Central processing unit), memory, Input and Output devices.
1.3 What is the common name used to refer to the operating system program?
System programs
1.4 What do mobile operating systems often include in addition to the core kernel
Middleware is a set of software frameworks that provide additional services to application developers.
1.5 What is an interrupt?
The mechanism by which control of the processor is transferred from one process to another.
1.6 What special operation triggers a software interrupt?
A system call (monitor call) causes an interrupt.
1.10 Provide at least two advantages of multiprocessor systems.
High Throughput: Throughput is the number of processes running by the CPU at a given time, so systems
of this type have higher throughput.
Parallel Processing type: Parallel processing means running multiple processes (also known as threads)
simultaneously.
Les power consumption: In a single-processor system, the load is greater, since many processes must be
executed simultaneously. But in a multiprocessor system, multiple processes are executed at a time.
1.12 What is the name of a multiprocessor system that uses multiple computiing cores?
A multiprocessor system is a system that uses two or more processors. In systems of this type, two or
more processes can be processed in parallel, i.e. in the same time interval.
1.15 What is the term for a program that has been loaded and is executing?
The program is a set of instructions, which is in a readable format.
An executable file is a compiled form of a program
A process is an executable file run by the operating system. The one you see in the task manager or task
list
1.21 Name at least two activities the operating system is responsible for in
connection with memory management.
1. Planning processes and threads on processors
2. Creating and deleting both user and system processes
3. Suspension and resumption of processes
4. Provision of process synchronization mechanisms
5. Providing mechanisms for the exchange of information about the process
Chapter 2
2.1 List at least three operating system services that are useful to users.
1. User Interface
2. Program executiоn
3. Input/Output Operations
2.2 List at least three operating system functions that maintain efficient operation of the system.
1. Resource allocation
2. Accounting
3. Protection and safetу
2.3 What are the two different approaches for providing a user interface?
1. CLІ (command-line іnterface)
2. GUІ (graphical user іnterface)
2.4 What is a system call?
Interface to the services provided by the operating system.
2.5 What is an API?
An interface that defines a set of functions available to the application programmer, including options
that are passed to each function, and return values that the programmer can expect.
2.6 What kernel data structure can be used for one technique of passing parameters to system calls?
Stack
2.11 What is the difference between policy and mechanism?
Mechanisms determine how to do something; policies determines what to do.
2.12 List at least three different ways for structuring an operating system.
1. Simple structure
2. Layered approach
3. Microkernel
2.15 What tech3.2nique do microkernels use to communicate between services?
Message passing
2.20 Name at least two activities the operating system is responsible for in connection with disk
management.
1. Disk In/Out
2. Disk space/capacity
Chapter 3
3.1 What are the four components of a process?
1. Stack
2. Heap
3. Data Section
4. Text Section
3.2 Provide at least three possible states a process may be in.
1. New (process creation)
2. Running (instructions are being executed)
3. Waiting
4. Ready
3.3 What is a Process Control Block (PCB) ?
Process representation in the operating system, which includes process Status, program counter,
processor registers, processor scheduling information, and memory management information.
3.4 What is another term for process?
Job
3.5 True or False? Most operating systems allow a process to have multiple threads.
True
3.6 What is the role of the process scheduler?
It selects a process that is available to run the program on the processor.
3.11 What system call creates a process on UNIX systems?
Fork()
3.12What system call creates a process on Windows systems?
CreateProcess()
3.16 What are the two system calls used with message-passing systems?
1. send()
2. receive()
3.23 What term does Windows use to name its message passing facility?
Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC)
