AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL

INDUSTRY
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Al Amin (19BME1045)
Saurav Kumar (19BME1020)
Raman Painuly (20BME8036)
Sabyasachi Das (19BME1085)
Ankit Singh Bisht (19BME1044)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Chandigarh University
MAY 2023
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR
SMALL INDUSTRY” is the bonafide work of “AL AMIN (19BME1045),
SAURAV KUMAR (19BME1020), RAMAN PAINULY (20BME8036),
SABYASACHI DAS (19BME1085) & ANKIT SINGH BISHT
(19BME1044)” who carried out the project work under my/our supervision.

Er. VIJAY RANA Dr. ANUJ KUMAR SHEGAL

Associate Professor Professor and HOD

Mechanical Engineering, UIE Mechanical Engineering, UIE
Chandigarh University Chandigarh University

Submitted for the project viva-voce examination held on _________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Before going further, it is our privilege to acknowledge with respect and gratitude, the keen
valuable and ever available guidance rendered to us by Er. VIJAY RANA without the wise
counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to complete this project in this
manner. We express gratitude to other faculty members of Mechanical Engineering
Department for their intellectual support throughout the course of this project. We are indebted
to our family for their ever-available help in accomplishing this task successfully. Finally, we
would thank to ourselves for having patience and working hard and used resources in a useful
work. Above all we are thankful to the almighty god for giving strength to carry out the present
work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE.............................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iii
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................vii
LIST OF STANDARDS ....................................................................................ix
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... x
साराांश...................................................................................................................xi
বিমূর্ ত ..................................................................................................................xii
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ........................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1 - 13
1.1. Identification of Need ............................................................................... 2
1.2. Identification of Problem.......................................................................... 2
1.3. Identification of Tasks .............................................................................. 2
1.4. Timeline .................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Organization of the Report ....................................................................... 4
1.6. Air Purifier................................................................................................ 5
1.6.1. Activated Carbon Filters .................................................................... 7
1.6.2. Molecular Sieve Filter ........................................................................ 7
1.6.3. Ozone Generators ............................................................................... 8
1.6.4. Electrostatic Precipitators .................................................................. 8
1.6.5. Charged Media Filters ........................................................................ 9
1.6.6. Elementary Pre-Filters ....................................................................... 9
1.6.7. Antibacterial and Germicidal Filters ................................................ 10
1.6.8. HEPA Filters .................................................................................... 10
1.6.9. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Filter .......................................... 11
1.6.10. Cold Catalyst Filters......................................................................... 11

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 1.6.11. Negative Ionizer Filters .................................................................... 12
1.7. Air Purifier Technology ......................................................................... 12
1.7.1. HEPA air purifiers ........................................................................... 13
CHAPTER – 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................. 14 - 21
2.1. Timeline of the Reported Problem ......................................................... 14
2.2. Existing Solutions................................................................................... 15
2.3. Bibliometric Analysis ............................................................................. 17
2.4. Review Summary ................................................................................... 18
2.5. Problem Definition ................................................................................. 19
2.6. Goals and its Objectives ......................................................................... 20
CHAPTER-3 DESIGN FLOW AND PROCESS ................................... 22 - 33
3.1. Concept Generation ................................................................................ 22
3.2. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications and its Features .................... 23
3.3. Constraints .............................................................................................. 23
3.3.1. Economics of the project.................................................................. 24
3.3.2. Environmental Impact ...................................................................... 24
3.3.3. Health Impact ................................................................................... 24
3.3.4. Safety Impact ................................................................................... 24
3.3.5. Professional Impact .......................................................................... 25
3.3.6. Ethical Impact .................................................................................. 25
3.4. Design of the Project .............................................................................. 25
3.5. Alternate Design ..................................................................................... 28
3.6. Materials Used ........................................................................................ 28
CHAPTER – 4 RESULT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION ................ 34 - 36
4.1. Clean Area Delivery Rate ...................................................................... 34
4.2. Air Change per Hour .............................................................................. 34
4.3. Result and Discussion ............................................................................ 34
CHAPTER – 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ...................... 37 -38
5.1. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 37
5.2. Future Scope ........................................................................................... 37

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REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 39
APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 42
Plagiarism Report ................................................................................................ 42
Figure References ............................................................................................... 42
USER MANUAL ............................................................................................... 43

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 ABBREVIATIONS

HEPA – High Efficiency Particulate Air

HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

AHU – Air Handler Unit

VOC – Volatile Organic Compound

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid

UVGI – Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Filter

UV – Ultra Violet

PPM – Parts per Million

PM – Particulate Matter

KG – Kilogram

m – meter

RPM – Rotation per Minute

LPH – Litres per Hour

g – gram

mm – millimeter

A – Ampere

V – voltage

CADR - Clean Air Delivery Rate

ACH – Air Change Hour

sq – square

ft – Feet

R&D – Research and Development

WHO – World Health Organization

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Title Page No.

1.1 Impurities in the Air 6

1.2 Activated Carbon 7

1.3 Molecular Sieve 8

1.4 Ozone Generators 8

1.5 Electrostatic Precipitators 9

1.6 Charged Media Filter 9

1.7 Pre-Filter 10

1.8 Antibacterial Filter 10

1.9 HEPA Filter 11

1.10 UV Filter 11

1.11 Cold Catalyst Filter 12

1.12 Negative Ionizer Filters 12

3.1 Front View 25

3.2 Side View 26

3.3 Isometric View 26

3.4 2D Diagram 27

3.5 Alternate Design of Air Purifier 28

3.6 Blower 29

3.7 Pump 29

3.8 Pipe 30

3.9 Turbine Cooling Fan 30

3.10 HEPA Filter 31

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3.11 Exhaust Fan 31

3.12 Steel Sheet 32

3.13 Glass Container 32

3.14 Iron Sheet 32

3.15 Regulator 33

3.16 Wire 33

3.17 Glue 33

4.1 Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier 35

4.2 Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier Isometric View 35

4.3 Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier Isometric View 36

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 LIST OF STANDARDS

Sr. No. Name of the About the Standard

Standards

1. ISO 16890 When tested in accordance with the procedures outlined in ISO
16890-1, ISO 16890-2, ISO 16890-3, and ISO 16890-4, particle
air filter components for general ventilation that have an ePM1
efficiency less than or equal to 99% are referred to as ISO 16890
(all parts).

2. ISO 8573 Independent of the location in the compressed air system at

which the air is specified or tested, 2010 establishes purity
classes of compressed air with respect to particulates, water, and
oil.

3. ISO 12500 In order to evaluate the efficiency of coalescing filters used in

compressed-air systems in eliminating oil aerosols, 2007
specifies the test structure and test procedures necessary.

4. ISO 29463 This standard allows for a standardized classification of these

filters in terms of their efficiency, both local and overall
efficiency, which actually meets the majority of requirements for
various applications. The procedure for determining the
efficiency of all filters is established on the basis of a particle
counting method using a liquid (or alternatively a solid) test
aerosol.

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 ABSTRACT
Air purifier system plays a vital role in any industry for air purification. The air purifier system
improves the health of the worker working in non-suitable atmosphere. The project report aims
the development an air purifier specifically designed for small scale industries. The purpose of
this air purifier is to reduce the level of indoor air pollutants, such as dust, smoke, and harmful
gases, which can negatively impact the health and safety of workers. The report covers the
design, fabrication, and testing of the air purifier, as well as an analysis of its performance. The
purifier employs a combination of air filters and ultraviolet radiation to remove contaminants
from the air. The report includes a detailed description of the purifier's components and their
function, as well as the design considerations and manufacturing process. The results of the
testing demonstrate the effectiveness of the air purifier in reducing the level of indoor air
pollutants in small industrial settings. Overall, the project report provides a comprehensive
overview of the design, development, and testing of an air purification system that meets the
needs of the worker working in non-suitable environment. The report concludes with
recommendations for further improvements to the design and implementation of the air
purifier.

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 साराांश

वायु शुद्धिकरण प्रणाली ककसी भी उद्योग में वायु शोधन के कलए महत्वपूणण भूकमका कनभाती है । वायु शोधक
प्रणाली अनुपयुक्त वातावरण में काम करने वाले कमणचारी के स्वास्थ्य में सुधार करती है । पररयोजना
ररपोर्ण का उद्दे श्य कवशेष रूप से छोर्े उद्योगोों के कलए किजाइन ककया गया वायु शोधक कवककसत करना
है । इस वायु शोधक का उद्दे श्य धूल, धुआों और हाकनकारक गैसोों जैसे इनिोर वायु प्रदू षकोों के स्तर को
कम करना है , जो श्रकमकोों के स्वास्थ्य और सुरक्षा पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव िाल सकते हैं । ररपोर्ण में वायु
शोधक के किजाइन, कनमाण ण और परीक्षण के साथ-साथ इसके प्रदशणन का कवश्लेषण भी शाकमल है । शोधक
हवा से दू कषत पदाथों को हर्ाने के कलए एयर किल्टर और पराबैंगनी कवककरण के सोंयोजन का उपयोग
करता है । ररपोर्ण में शोधक के घर्कोों और उनके कायण के साथ-साथ किजाइन कवचार और कनमाण ण प्रकिया
का कवस्तृत कववरण शाकमल है । परीक्षण के पररणाम छोर्े औद्योकगक क्षेत्ोों में इनिोर वायु प्रदू षकोों के स्तर
को कम करने में वायु शोधक की प्रभावशीलता को प्रदकशणत करते हैं । कुल कमलाकर, पररयोजना ररपोर्ण
वायु शोधन प्रणाली के किजाइन, कवकास और परीक्षण का एक व्यापक अवलोकन प्रदान करती है जो गैर-
उपयुक्त वातावरण में काम करने वाले कायण कताण की जरूरतोों को पूरा करती है । ररपोर्ण वायु शोधक के
किजाइन और कायाण न्वयन में और सुधार के कलए कसिाररशोों के साथ समाप्त होती है ।

xi
 বিমূর্ ত

এয়ার পিউপরফ়ায়ার পিস্টেম ব়ায়ু পবশুদ্ধকরস্টের জন্য যেস্টক়াস্টন়্া পিস্টে গুরুত্বিূে ভূ

ণ পমক়া ি়ালন্
কস্টর। এয়ার পিউপরফ়ায়ার পিস্টেম অ-উিে়ুক্ত িপরস্টবস্টি ক়াজ কর়া কমীস্টের স্ব়াস্টযযর উন্নপি
কস্টর। প্রকে প্রপিস্টবেস্টন্র লক্ষ্য একটি ব়ায়ু িপরস্টি়াধক পবস্টিষভ়াস্টব য ়াি পিস্টের জন্য পিজ়াইন্
কর়া। এই এয়ার পিউপরফ়ায়াস্টরর উস্টেিয হল ঘস্টরর অভযন্তরীে ব়ায়ু েূষেক়ারী, যেমন্ ধ়ুস্টল়া,
যধ়াোঁয়া এবং ক্ষ্পিক়ারক গ্য়াস্টির ম়াত্র়া কম়াস্টন়্া, ে়া শ্রপমকস্টের স্ব়াযয ও পন্র়ািত্ত়ার উির
যন্পিব়াচক প্রভ়াব যফলস্টি ি়াস্টর। পরস্টি়াস্টিণ এয়ার পিউপরফ়ায়াস্টরর পিজ়াইন্, ফয়াপিস্টকিন্ এবং
যিপেং, যিইি়াস্টে এর ি়ারফরময়াস্টের পবস্টেষে রস্টযস্ট । পিউপরফ়ায়ার ব়ায়ু যেস্টক েূষক
অিি়ারস্টের জন্য ব়ায়ু পফল্ট়ার এবং অপিস্টবগুন্ী পবপকরস্টের িংপমশ্রে বযবহ়ার কস্টর।
প্রপিস্টবেস্টন্ পিউপরফ়ায়াস্টরর উি়াে়ান্ এবং ি়াস্টের ক়ােক়াপরি়া,
ণ যিইি়াস্টে ন্কি়া পবস্টবচন়্া এবং
উি্ি়ােন্ প্রক্রিয়ার একটি পবিে পববরে অন্তভভক্ত ণ রস্টযস্ট । িরীক্ষ়্ার ফল়াফলগুপল য ়াি পিে
যিটিংস্টি অভযন্তরীে ব়ায়ু েূষেক়ারীর ম়াত্র়া কম়াস্টি ব়ায়ু পবশুদ্ধক়ারীর ক়ােক়াপরি়া
ণ প্রেিন্ণ
কস্টর। ি়ামপিকভ়াস্টব, প্রকে প্রপিস্টবেন্টি একটি ব়ায়ু িপরস্টি়াধন্ বযবয়ার ন্কি়া, পবক়াি এবং
িরীক্ষ়্ার একটি পবি্িৃি ওভ়ারপভউ প্রে়ান্ কস্টর ে়া অ-উিে়ুক্ত িপরস্টবস্টি কমরি ণ কমীস্টের
চ়াপহে়া িূরে কস্টর। প্রপিস্টবেন্টি এয়ার পিউপরফ়ায়াস্টরর পিজ়াইন্ এবং ব়াস্তব়াযস্টন্ আরও
উন্নপির জন্য ি়ুি়াপরস্টির ি়াস্টে যিষ হস্টযস্ট

xii
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

xiii
xiv
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in industrial areas where harmful
gases and particles are emitted into the atmosphere. This has led to an increasing demand for
air purification systems to maintain clean and healthy air for workers and residents in these
areas. In this project report, we will discuss the design and development of an air purifier
system specifically for small industries. The system aims to remove harmful pollutants from
the air, thereby reducing the risk of respiratory illnesses and other health problems associated
with exposure to polluted air. We will delve into the various components and technologies used
in the system, as well as the testing and evaluation process used to assess its effectiveness. By
providing a comprehensive overview of our air purifier system, we hope to contribute to the
ongoing efforts to improve air quality in industrial areas and promote a healthier environment
for all.

Now, the world's major problem of the people and many other nations are currently
experiencing intense air pollution. The air in the surroundings of cities is polluted by factories,
cars, and the usage of non-renewable energy. In China and India, where more than 1.5 billion
people reside in arid cities, this is a critical concern. People use air purifiers as a strategy to
clean the indoor air in polluted areas. Most people who are affected by poor air quality keep
this device in their homes and places of employment. An air purifier's primary function is to
move air throughout the home by sucking it up with an internal fan. Clean air is released after
passing through a filtering medium that captures the polluting particles. But the vast majority
of air purifiers on the market today employ so-called HEPA filters, which require frequent
replacement and consume a lot of energy. Since cost is one of the most important factors for
customers to take into account when buying an air purifier, this solution is very pricey and not
suitable for everyone. Because an air purifier is a part of a home's beauty, its aesthetic design
is essential. In the summer, the three main problems that individuals experience are allergies,
pollution, and dust. Air pollutant levels are increasing, and so is the demand for air purifiers.
Depending on how efficient they are, these air purifiers can be used inside or outside. They can
be used in private residences, public buildings, and businesses. An air purifier is a tool that
purifies the air by eliminating contaminants like dust, textile fibers, and other poisons. People
with allergies and asthma are said to benefit from these devices. A device called an air purifier
or air cleaner eliminates impurities from the air in a space to enhance indoor air quality. These
items usually feature claims that they will benefit allergy and asthmatic sufferers as well as
reduce or eliminate secondhand smoke. The medical, industrial, and commercial sectors all
provide air purifiers with commercial ratings. They can be made either as small standalone
devices or as larger units that can be connected to an HVAC or air handler unit (AHU). Air
purifiers can be used in an industrial setting to purify the air before processing. Pressure swing
absorption or other adsorption techniques are frequently used for this[1].

1
1.1. Identification of Need

Air filter purification system is really a necessary thing where employees of any industry deal
with the dust particle, any industry related to coal or where it is used for business purposes,
textile industries where thread particles present in the atmosphere of worker, cement industry
is also come under this problem. These particles cause adverse health diseases. Worker working
in a textile industry are advised to take ‘Gudh’ (jaggery) to let the particles out from their
stomach. Any other industries having these kind of atmosphere needs a proper system for air
filtration or purification. By installing such purification system can help workers working in
such conditions to breathe better quality of oxygen.

1.2. Identification of Problem

The reason we decided to make air purification system for small industry using water filter,
carbon and heap filter to save the employees of industry. There is so much polluting air existing
inside the industry cause of raw materials dust particles. This is really a life-threatening
situation, and many people gives their life for this industries air which is very dangerous for
our health like a quit poison. So, we decided to make an air purification system.

1.3. Identification of Tasks

The identifications of tasks and its problem according to the tasks are mentioned below:

Design the air filter: Determine the size, shape, and materials needed for the air filter based
on the specific application requirements.

• Potential problems: Designing the air filter may require knowledge of fluid dynamics
and air flow mechanics, and there may be constraints based on the available materials
and budget.

Gather materials: Purchase or gather the necessary materials, including filter media, frame
materials, adhesives, and fasteners.

• Potential problems: It may be difficult to source specific materials depending on the

project requirements and location. Some materials may also be expensive or difficult to
work with.

Cut the filter media: Use a cutting tool to cut the filter media to the desired size and shape.

• Potential problems: Cutting the filter media may require specialized tools, and it may
be challenging to cut it accurately and precisely.

Assemble the frame: Construct the frame using the chosen materials, such as metal or plastic,
and ensure that it is sturdy and secure.

2
 • Potential problems: Assembly may require specialized tools, and it may be
challenging to ensure that the frame is sturdy and secure. There may also be issues with
compatibility between the filter media and the frame materials.

Attach the filter media: Attach the filter media to the frame using an appropriate adhesive or
fasteners, making sure that there are no gaps or leaks around the edges.

• Potential problems: It may be difficult to attach the filter media without damaging it
or creating gaps or leaks. The adhesive or fasteners may also need to be compatible
with the filter media and frame materials.

Test the air filter: Conduct a series of tests to ensure that the air filter is working effectively,
such as measuring the airflow rate and particle capture efficiency.

• Potential problems: Testing may require specialized equipment, and it may be difficult
to obtain accurate and reliable measurements. There may also be issues with
inconsistent performance or unexpected results.

Refine the design: If necessary, make adjustments to the design or materials to improve the
air filter's performance.
• Potential problems: Refining the design may require additional materials or tools, and
it may be challenging to identify the root cause of any performance issues.

Install the air filter: Install the air filter in the intended application, such as an HVAC system,
and monitor its performance over time to ensure that it continues to function effectively.

• Potential problems: Installation may require specialized knowledge or expertise, and

there may be issues with compatibility between the air filter and the application. It may
also be challenging to monitor the air filter's performance over time.

The fundamental aim to identify tasks is to make a roadmap and the aim of the roadmap of
the project fabrication and its related research to improve the design and overall thing. It is
the most important way to do this is by being mindful of how to present the idea. The main
objective of mapping these things is to make the fabrication steps easier and clear any doubt
regarding this. This ensures that the project fabrication is on track.

3
1.4. Timeline

1.5. Organization of the Report

Chapter 1: A short description of the work, the technology used to produce it, how the old
technology affects the environment, task definition, task planning, and problem identification
are all covered in the first chapter.

Chapter 2: The second chapter addresses the author's previous studies on the identical product,
an investigation gap, crowdsourcing, and different design approaches.

Chapter 3: The third part discusses design flow and processes, the materials we use for
manufacturing, the procedures we use, and the necessary analysis the fact that must be
conducted prior to manufacturing with the goal to obtain accurate results and avoid additional
expenses.

Chapter 4: The fourth chapter, which deals with Outcome study and Recognition, mainly
covers the technique for designing optimization as well as the limitations that were used for
the evaluation.

Chapter 5: The fifth chapter describes the results and potential applications of the excellent
study, as well as verifies the validity of the forthcoming patent implementation.

4
 • Design Flow/Process

1.6. Air Purifier

A machine known as an air purifier rejects impurities from the air in a space. These devices are
very helpful for people with allergies, and asthma, and for minimizing or getting rid of
secondhand smoke. A proper way of air filtration needs in a house for various reason and it is
shown in Fig. 1.1. If you reside in a heavily polluted area, such as New Delhi, Patna, or
Gwalior, which are some of the most polluted cities in the world, they are also quite helpful for
removing toxins from a room. They also aid in the removal of germs and viruses from space,
halting the spread of disease.

5
 Fig. - 1.1: Impurities in The Air [24]

A) Uses and Benefits of an Air Purifier

Allergens such as dust, pollen, pet dander, mound spores, and dust mite faces can cause
allergies in susceptible individuals. Health risks can be posed by smoke particles and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs). Air purifiers can now capture more germs, viruses, and DNA-
damaging particles thanks to improvements in air filtration technology [2].
To lower the concentration of these airborne particles, air purifiers are utilized, and they can
be beneficial for those who have allergies and asthma.
B) Volatile Organic Compounds
Many common household objects release fumes or vapors known as volatile organic
compounds or VOCs. New carpeting, paints, adhesives, varnishes, glues, and disinfectants are
a few examples of things that may emit them.
C) Odours and Gases
Some air purifiers are capable of substantially removing pollutants and odours from the air in
a home. They use activated carbon filters to do this. These filters use the chemical mechanism
known as adsorption to compel these gases and odours to attach themselves.
Aerosols, tobacco smoke, culinary odours, indoor insecticides, kitty litter, and poisons are
examples of common gases and odours.

6
D) Airborne Particles
Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, mould, plant spores, and fungi are examples of airborne
particles. It is wise to remove these kinds of particles from indoor air because they aggravate
illnesses like allergies and asthma.
The best method for getting rid of these minute particles, which come in a wide range of sizes,
is thought to be water filters.
E) Ways in which an Air Purifier can Clean the Air
The efficiency of the various air purification techniques varies. The air filters in an air purifier
are the most crucial parts. Most air cleaners and purifiers have at least one air filter in them. To
get optimum results, some people use several air filters. Searching for air purifiers with
particular types of filters is the quickest method to find the best one for you.
The main characteristics of today's most popular air filters are given below:

1.6.1. Activated Carbon Filters

Adsorption is a biological process that activated carbon employs to remove gases, vapors, and
odours from the air. These filters (shown in Fig. 1.2) contain carbon, which is treated with
oxygen, causing lots of tiny perforations to form.

Fig. - 1.2: Activated Carbon [25]

An activated carbon filter can remove gases, vapors, and odours from the air for a very long
time due enhanced surface area. Some filters with activated carbon can also remove VOCs
from the air.

1.6.2. Molecular Sieve Filter

A substance with accurate, uniformly sized, microscopic holes is known as a molecular sieve
(as shown in Fig. 1.3). Small enough to let small molecules get through while large molecules
are blocked by these holes. For gases and liquids, molecular sieves are utilized as adsorbents.
While bigger molecules are not adsorbed, those tiny enough to fit through the pores are Most
frequently, a molecular sieve is used with an activated carbon filter in an air filter carbon filter's

7
lifespan is extended as a result.

Fig. - 1.3: Molecular Sieve [26]

1.6.3. Ozone Generators

Ozone generators (shown in Fig. 1.4) are intended to remove contaminants from the air, albeit
they aren't strictly filters. But instead of removing them, they simply make them adhere to
surfaces. within a room.

Fig. - 1.4: Ozone Generators [27]

Ozone is produced as a byproduct when these generators combine the oxygen atoms in space.
This can be problematic because it lowers the amount of oxygen in space and because ozone
is thought to irritate the lungs.

1.6.4. Electrostatic Precipitators

Electrostatic precipitators (shown in Fig. 1.5) utilize the same procedure as ozone generators.
The main distinction is that electrostatic precipitators also filter air pollutants, whereas
electrostatic precipitators do not.

8
 Fig. - 1.5: Electrostatic Precipitators [28]

1.6.5. Charged Media Filters

Charged media filters (shown in Fig. 1.6) are described in a manner that is remarkably similar
to that of electrostatic precipitators. The employment of filters by these filters is the only
distinction. There are no plates used. As a result, occasionally changing the filter is required.

Fig. - 1.6: Charged Media Filter [29]

1.6.6. Elementary Pre-Filters

Air purifiers and air cleaners won't function as well or as efficiently if big particles are
permitted to come in contact with delicate filters. In light of this, having a pre-filter (shown in
Fig. 1.7) is also crucial.

9
 Fig. - 1.7: Pre-Filter [30]

The function of a pre-filter is to capture bigger airborne particles, preventing them from
entering HEPA filters and other types of filters. They can typically be cleaned repeatedly.

1.6.7. Antibacterial and Germicidal Filters

Antibacterial or germicidal filters (shown in Fig. 1.8) are the only technique to significantly
reduce the number of bacteria and germs in the air. This guarantees that no bacteria or virus is
growing inside the air purifier's filters[3].

Fig. - 1.8: Antibacterial Filter [31]

1.6.8. HEPA Filters

High-efficiency particulate air filters (as shown in Fig. 1.9) were first intended to purge the air
of radioactive material. But not all HEPA filters are made equal. A HEPA filter is more
effective the higher the surface area of the filter is[4].

10
 Fig. - 1.9: HEPA Filter

1.6.9. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Filter

UVGI (shown in Fig. 1.10) can be used to sanitize air that is blasted through UV lights. The
location of the UV lamps and a proper filtration system to remove the dead microorganisms
are essential for this type of treatment[5].

Fig. - 1.10: UV Filter [32]

1.6.10. Cold Catalyst Filters

It performs the same tasks as a photocatalyst filter while further deodorizing the air. Using
lanthanum low-temperature nano-catalyst technology, cold catalyst filters (shown in Fig. 1.11)
remove formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as hazardous
fumes and odours.

11
 Fig. - 1.11: Cold Catalyst Filter [33]

1.6.11. Negative Ionizer Filters

A negative ion generator (as shown in Fig. 1.12) creates electrically charged ions using charged
electrical surfaces or needles. Airborne particles that these ions attach to are then
electrostatically attracted to one another, and fall to the ground. Positive ions also offer the
added reviving and energizing people.

Fig. - 1.12: Negative Ionizer Filters [34]

Negative ions are also produced by plants and trees. The fan less ionizer and fan-based ionizer
are the two main divisions. Ionizers without fans are silent and consume less power, but they
are less effective at purifying the air. Ionizers with fans circulate and clean the air much more
quickly.

1.7. Air Purifier Technology

The best results can be achieved by using water-style filtration, which is featured in the top air
purifiers that have many filter technologies. Without the usage of Water air purifiers, filtration
efficacy is not optimal, and particle pollution symptoms like allergies and asthma are not
lessened[6].

12
1.7.1. HEPA air purifiers

High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) technology, which was created in the 1940s and first
employed in medical cleanrooms, is still the most dependable and efficient technology
available. Harmful indoor air particles that trigger allergy and asthma symptoms are measured
to be approximately 0.03 microns or larger; air purifiers equipped with a HEPA air filter absorb
up to 99.97% of all particles, such as allergens, pollen, dust, dander, and other that are 0.03
microns and larger in size. In combination with electrostatic technology, air purifiers like Alen
and Blue Air use HEPA to catch particles moving through the air stream. More particles are
gathered as a result, and the charged particles are transported directly to the HEPA air filter
where they are captured. HEPA air filters capture bacteria, dust, pollen, and other minute
particles, ensuring that the air in your house is clean, fresh, and devoid of dangerous
contaminants[7].

13
 CHAPTER – 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review involves reviewing current academic works constitutes a literature study for
research purposes. It aids in the identification of existing knowledge, research gaps, and project
development. It offers a framework for establishing goals, a technique, and an analysis.

2.1. Timeline of the Reported Problem

A timeline refers to the ways and time taken to complete the any survey, project, finding etc.
It provides the proper record of the project, survey path and its outcome to make it easy to
study in future and also take reference from it. The timeline of the reported problem on Air
Purification System is recorded below:

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION AUTHOR

Inefficient Air purifiers may not filter all pollutants from Brągoszewska, Ewa
Filtration the air, leading to poor air quality and
potential health problems[6]. Biedroń, Izabela

High Noise Air purifiers can be noisy, which can be Smith

Levels disruptive and distracting to people in the
room[8].

Inaccurate Air Air purifiers may not accurately detect and Liu, Guoliang
Quality report on the air quality, leading to incorrect
Monitoring readings and ineffective purification[9]. Xiao, Manxuan

Zhang, Xingxing

Gal, Csilla

Chen, Xiangjie

Liu, Lin

Pan, Song

Wu, Jinshun

Tang, Llewellyn

Clements-Croome,
Derek

14
 Poor Design Air purifiers can be poorly designed, leading Fang, Jiani
to functional issues or making them difficult
to use or maintain[10]. Zhu, Zhiwei

High Energy Air purifiers can consume a lot of energy, Roy, Aditya
Consumption leading to higher electricity bills and a
negative impact on the environment[11] Mishra, Chetan

Jain, Sarthak

Solanki, Naveen

Clogged Filters Filters in air purifiers can become clogged Dubey, Stuti
over time, reducing their effectiveness and
requiring more frequent replacements[12]. Rohra, Himanshi

Taneja, Ajay

Low Air Flow Air purifiers may not be able to effectively Liu, Yansui
move air through the filter, reducing their
overall performance[13]. Zhou, Yang

Lu, Jiaxin

Poor Quality Air purifiers may be constructed with low- Fang, Jiani
Construction quality materials or components, leading to
potential issues with durability or Zhu, Zhiwei
reliability[14].

2.2. Existing Solutions

The different solutions of the related problem are mentioned below in the tabular format:

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION SOLUTION AUTHOR YEAR

Inefficient Air purifier filters 1. Use of activated Ye, Qing 2021

Filtration may not effectively carbon filters
remove all pollutants Krechmer,
from the air, leading 2. Use of HEPA filters Jordan E.
to poor air quality and 3. Use of photocatalytic Shutter, Joshua
potential health filters D.
problems[15].
4. Use of electrostatic Barber,
filters Victoria P.

Li, Yaowei

Helstrom, Erik

15
 Franco, Lesly
J.

Cox, Joshua L.

Hrdina, Amy
I.H.

Goss, Matthew
B.

Clogged Filters in air purifiers 1. Use of filter cleaning Dickson 2023

Filters can become clogged systems Chivina
over time, reducing
their effectiveness 2. Use of self-cleaning
and requiring more filters
frequent 3. Use of pre-filters to
replacements[16]. prolong lifespan

Low Air Air purifier filters 1. Use of larger filter Dubey, Stuti 2021
Flow may not allow surface areas
enough air flow Rohra,
through the system, 2. Use of higher- Himanshi
reducing their overall powered fans
Taneja, Ajay
performance[12]. 3. Use of alternative
filter designs

High Energy Air purifier filters can 1. Use of low-energy Liu, Guoliang 2017
Consumption consume a lot of consumption filters
energy, leading to Xiao, Manxuan
higher electricity bills 2. Use of variable speed
and a negative impact fans to reduce energy Zhang,
usage Xingxing
on the
environment[9]. 3. Use of smart sensors Gal, Csilla
to optimize energy Chen, Xiangjie
usage
Liu, Lin

Pan, Song

Wu, Jinshun

16
 Tang,
Llewellyn

Clements-
Croome, Derek

Inaccurate Air purifiers may not 1. Use of more sensitive Li, Peng 2014
Air Quality accurately detect and sensors
Monitoring report on the air Wang, Chunya
quality, leading to 2. Use of multiple
incorrect readings sensors to improve Zhang,
accuracy Yingying
and ineffective
purification[17]. 3. Use of machine Wei, Fei
learning algorithms to
optimize sensor
performance

2.3. Bibliometric Analysis

Bibliometric analysis of the project report is as:

Sr. No. Name of Source

1. iJRASET

2. webMD

3. Research Gate

4. reviewsofairpurifier.com

5. Google Scholar

Air purifiers are devices that are designed to remove contaminants from the air, including dust,
pollen, smoke, and other pollutants. In industrial settings, air purifiers are used to improve
indoor air quality and protect workers from harmful airborne contaminants. Several key
features are common among industrial air purifiers, including high-capacity filters, powerful
motors, and programmable controls.

One of the key benefits of industrial air purifiers is their ability to remove a wide range of
airborne contaminants from the environment. Many air purifiers use HEPA filters, which are
capable of removing particles as small as 0.3 microns in size. This makes them highly effective
at removing dust, pollen, and other small particles from the air. In addition, some air purifiers

17
 also use activated carbon filters, which can help to remove odors and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from the air.

Another important feature of industrial air purifiers is their ability to operate in a wide range
of environments. Many air purifiers are designed to operate in harsh industrial environments,
where they may be exposed to dust, moisture, and other contaminants. To ensure reliable
operation, many industrial air purifiers are built with durable, corrosion-resistant materials,
such as stainless steel or aluminum.

Despite their many benefits, there are also some drawbacks to using air purifiers in industrial
settings. One potential issue is that air purifiers can be expensive to purchase and maintain,
particularly if they require frequent filter changes or repairs. In addition, air purifiers may not
be effective at removing certain types of contaminants, such as gases or chemicals, which can
pose a health risk to workers.

In conclusion, air purifiers are a useful tool for improving indoor air quality and protecting
workers in industrial settings. While there are some limitations to their effectiveness, they can
still play an important role in reducing exposure to harmful airborne contaminants. As with any
piece of industrial equipment, it is important to carefully consider the specific needs of your
facility and choose an air purifier that is appropriate for your application.

2.4. Review Summary

Here are some relevant findings of various authors related to problems on the topic of air
purifiers for industries:

• A study conducted by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi found that
while air purifiers can help to reduce indoor air pollution in industries, they may not be
sufficient on their own. The study recommends the use of multiple air-cleaning technologies
such as electrostatic precipitators, activated carbon filters, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
to effectively reduce indoor air pollution in industries[18].

• According to a report by Grand View Research, Inc., the global industrial air purification
market is expected to reach USD 25.6 billion by 2025. The report highlights the increasing
demand for clean air in industrial settings due to the growing concern over air pollution and its
harmful effects on human health[19].

• A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene found that air
purifiers with HEPA filters can effectively reduce indoor concentrations of airborne particles
in industrial settings. However, the study also notes that the effectiveness of air purifiers can
be influenced by factors such as the size of the space, the type of pollutants present, and the air
exchange rate[20].

18
• A review article published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials highlights the limitations of
using air purifiers in industrial settings. The article notes that air purifiers may not be effective
in removing certain types of pollutants such as gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and may require additional air-cleaning technologies to address these pollutants[21].

• A study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan found that the effectiveness of
air purifiers in reducing indoor air pollution in industrial settings can be influenced by the
placement of the air purifiers. The study recommends placing air purifiers close to pollutant
sources to effectively reduce indoor concentrations of pollutants[22].

Overall, these findings suggest that while air purifiers can be effective in reducing indoor air
pollution in industrial settings, they may not be sufficient on their own and may require
additional air cleaning technologies to effectively address different types of pollutants. The
effectiveness of air purifiers can also be influenced by factors such as the size of the space, the
type of pollutants present, and the placement of the air purifiers.

2.5. Problem Definition

The problem at hand is the need for clean and healthy air in indoor spaces. Poor indoor air
quality can cause various health issues, such as allergies, asthma, and respiratory problems. To
tackle this problem, air purifiers have become increasingly popular as a solution for improving
indoor air quality. The purpose of an air purifier is to remove pollutants and harmful particles
from the air, such as dust, pollen, bacteria, and viruses.

When considering an air purifier, there are several factors to take into account. First, it is
essential to determine the appropriate size of the air purifier for the room or space it will be
used in. The size of the air purifier is typically measured by the volume of air it can filter per
hour, which is also known as the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate).

Another important consideration is the type of filter used in the air purifier. HEPA (High-
Efficiency Particulate Air) filters are highly effective in capturing small particles, including
allergens and bacteria. However, it's important to note that not all HEPA filters are the same,
and some may not meet the necessary standards. It is also important to consider the replacement
cost and frequency of the filter, as this can significantly impact the long-term maintenance cost
of the air purifier.

Additionally, some air purifiers may come with additional features, such as ionizers, UV-C
light, or activated carbon filters. While these features may provide additional benefits, it's
important to ensure that they are safe and effective. For example, ionizers may generate ozone,
which can be harmful in high concentrations. Therefore, it is crucial to do thorough research
and read reviews before purchasing an air purifier.

19
Finally, it's essential to note that air purifiers are not a substitute for good indoor air quality
practices. Simple steps such as regularly cleaning and vacuuming the room, properly
ventilating the space, and avoiding smoking indoors can also help improve indoor air quality.
In summary, when considering an air purifier, it is important to consider the appropriate size,
filter type and replacement cost, additional features, safety and effectiveness, and the need for
additional indoor air quality practices.

2.6. Goals and its Objectives

a) Goal: To design and develop an air purifier that can effectively remove pollutants and
contaminants from the air in small industrial settings.
Objectives:
• Research and analyze the common types of pollutants and contaminants found in small
industrial settings.
• Identify the most effective filtration technologies and methods for removing these
pollutants and contaminants.
• Design and prototype an air purifier that incorporates the chosen filtration technologies
and methods.
• Test the prototype under various conditions to evaluate its effectiveness in removing
pollutants and contaminants.

b) Goal: To ensure that the air purifier is safe and reliable for use in small industrial settings.
Objectives:
• Conduct safety tests to ensure that the air purifier meets industry safety standards.
• Implement safety features such as automatic shut-off and overheat protection.
• Conduct reliability tests to ensure that the air purifier can withstand long-term use in
industrial environments.
• Develop a maintenance plan to ensure that the air purifier continues to function
effectively over time.

c) Goal: To optimize the air purifier for energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Objectives:
• Research and analyze energy-efficient components and technologies.
• Optimize the air purifier's design and operation to reduce energy consumption.
• Conduct cost analyses to identify opportunities for cost reduction without sacrificing
performance.
• Develop a pricing strategy that balances affordability with profitability.

d) Goal: To market and distribute the air purifier to small industrial customers.
Objectives:
• Develop a marketing strategy that targets small industrial customers and emphasizes
the benefits of the air purifier.

20
• Establish distribution channels that reach the target customer base.
• Provide customer support and training to ensure that customers can use the air purifier
effectively and safely.
• Collect feedback from customers and use it to improve the air purifier over time.

21
 CHAPTER-3

DESIGN FLOW AND PROCESS

This chapter involves different designs of the prototype in order to make it more feasible and
economically friendly. This also includes the idea of the project through its design using
different perception of concept generation.

3.1.Concept Generation

This is really important to understand the brainstorming for the concept generation.

Smart Air Purifier: An air purifier that is equipped with smart technology and can be
controlled via a smartphone or voice commands. It can also monitor air quality and adjust
settings accordingly.

Portable Air Purifier: A compact air purifier that can be easily moved from one room to
another. It is ideal for small apartments and offices.

HEPA Air Purifier: A high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifier that removes particles
as small as 0.3 microns from the air. It is suitable for people with allergies or respiratory
problems.

UV-C Air Purifier: An air purifier that uses ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light to kill germs and
bacteria in the air. It is effective against viruses and can be used in hospitals, clinics, and other
healthcare settings.

Carbon Filter Air Purifier: An air purifier that uses activated carbon filters to remove odors
and harmful chemicals from the air. It is ideal for households with pets or smokers.

Dual-function Air Purifier: An air purifier that combines air purification with a humidifier or
dehumidifier function. It can maintain optimal humidity levels and clean the air at the same
time.

Air Purifier with Ionizer: An air purifier that uses negative ions to attract and remove particles
from the air. It can also improve air quality and reduce stress levels.

Air Purifier with Multiple Filtration Layers: An air purifier that uses multiple layers of
filters to remove different types of particles from the air. It can be customized to suit specific
air quality needs.

Eco-friendly Air Purifier: An air purifier that is energy-efficient and uses eco-friendly
materials. It is suitable for people who are environmentally conscious.

22
Design-oriented Air Purifier: An air purifier that combines functionality with aesthetics. It
can be customized to match the interior design of a home or office.

3.2. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications and its Features

When evaluating and selecting specifications/features for an air purifier, there are several
factors to consider:

Room Size: The first and foremost specification to consider is the room size. An air purifier
should be capable of cleaning the air in the room it is placed in. Therefore, it is essential to
choose an air purifier that is designed for the size of the room it will be used in.

Filtration System: The filtration system is another crucial specification to consider. A high-
quality air purifier should have a HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, which can
capture up to 99.97% of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns. Additionally, some air
purifiers have additional filtration systems like activated carbon filters, which help remove
odors and gases.

Air Exchange Rate: The air exchange rate is the number of times an air purifier can clean the
air in a room per hour. It is recommended to select an air purifier with an air exchange rate of
at least 4-5 times per hour.

Noise Level: The noise level of an air purifier is also an essential factor to consider. Some air
purifiers can be noisy, which can be a distraction and make it challenging to sleep or
concentrate. It is recommended to select an air purifier that operates at a low noise level of 50
decibels or lower.

Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiency is another crucial factor to consider. An energy-efficient

air purifier will not only save you money on electricity bills but also help reduce your carbon
footprint. It is recommended to select an air purifier with an Energy Star rating.

Maintenance: Maintenance is another important factor to consider. Some air purifiers require
frequent filter replacements, which can be expensive and time-consuming. It is recommended
to select an air purifier with a washable or long-lasting filter.

Additional Features: Some air purifiers come with additional features like air quality sensors,
auto mode, and Wi-Fi connectivity. These features can be useful in monitoring and controlling
the air purifier.

3.3. Constraints

When writing a report regarding the project which is going to be manufactured, it is important
to consider all the constraints because ultimately it will make some impact on the project’s

23
success or failure result and these constraints can include time, cost, scope, quality, resources,
and risks. It is important to recognize the constraints and overcome any constraints that may
impact the project's success, such as time constraints, limited resources, or stakeholder
limitations. By managing these constraints effectively, the project report can be completed
successfully and meet the desired objectives.

3.3.1. Economics of the project

When we started designing air purifier models, we focused on reducing production costs. But
we did not any compromise with quality of this project. Earlier, air purifiers were used in many
sectors including hospitals, industrial fields and homes. But managing them is very expensive
so we focus on electricity to manage it as such, operating costs are reduced and the air produced
reduces room pollution. This is the only reason why water is used as a filter which is free of
cost.

3.3.2. Environmental Impact

The air is loaded with allergies, toxins, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dust, germs,
viruses, and more both inside and outside. The Air purifiers have a net beneficial environmental
impact by reducing the number of factors that contribute to chronic illnesses, allergens, and
even acute respiratory illnesses or worse. Air purifiers help you breathe easier by trapping,
deactivating, and reducing harmful pollutants as they cycle through polluted air. This has an
effect on the environment by reducing the pollutants to which people are exposed on a daily
basis. It may even slow the spread of bacteria and viruses.

All of that is beneficial, and many people use air purifiers to enhance the environment they live
in every day’s is largely a result of a modern lifestyle since many of these substances are
released by furnishings, paints, and cleaning supplies. It is also a result of events that take place
outside of our indoor environments and are beyond our control, such as wildfire smoke, drifting
building site trash, and the transmission of airborne diseases from one person to another.

3.3.3. Health Impact

Our project improves health by reducing the number of allergens in your indoor air, air purifiers
can aid in the reduction of allergic symptoms. Asthma. Air purifiers can minimize asthma
symptoms and attacks caused by dust, smoke, and pollen pollutants. Dust.

3.3.4. Safety Impact

When properly maintained and operating, mechanical HEPA air purifiers are not harmful. It
eliminates all byproducts while being the safest and most efficient method of air purification.
Only ozone generators that actually generate ozone are harmful to your health and expensive.
A 0.08 ppm quantity of ozone inhaled might irritate the throat, induce chest pain, cough,
inflammation, and shortness of breath. Continuously being exposed to high concentrations of

24
ozone can permanently harm olfactory organs, lung tissue cells, and cause other respiratory
conditions.

3.3.5. Professional Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and rising health issues related to air pollution, along with
an improving standard of living, rising household expenditure, and increased family spending
are the main reasons propelling the air purifier industry.

3.3.6. Ethical Impact

Due to the involuntary nature of air pollution exposure, it differs from other more voluntary
illness risk factors (e.g., diet, alcohol, and tobacco). Research on air pollution is essential for
sustaining the ethical concept of protecting the public interest and vulnerable populations
because most of the time people cannot choose to control their exposure to air pollution[23].
The state of science now creates a number of ethical questions, though. Low- and middle-
income nations exposed to diverse pollution sources like traffic, industrial operations, and
biomass burning bear the brunt of the health impact of air pollution. Nonetheless, a large
portion of the groundbreaking research that has added to our understanding of air pollution
exposures and health effects has taken place in populations in Europe and North America.

3.4.Design of the Project

Fig. - 3.1: Front View

25
 Fig. - 3.2: Side View

Fig. - 3.3: Isometric View

26
 Fig. - 3.4: 2D Diagram

Design has distinct features that make it stand out in the market for industrial air purifiers. The
design is compact, which means that it takes up minimal space and can easily fit into small
areas. This is particularly useful in industrial settings where space is often limited, and
equipment needs to be placed efficiently.

The air purifier design has the ability to reuse water. This is a unique feature that has significant
benefits for industrial settings. By reusing water, the air purifier can reduce water consumption
and minimize the amount of wastewater generated. This can result in cost savings for the
company and also contributes to sustainable practices, which are increasingly important in
today's world.

This makes the air purifier design an excellent choice for industrial air purification needs. The
compact design ensures that it can be easily integrated into various industrial settings, while
the ability to reuse water provides significant environmental and cost benefits. With these
features, the air purifier design stands out as a superior option for industrial air purification
needs.

It is energy efficient, which means that it can operate without consuming excessive amounts of

27
energy. This can result in significant cost savings for the company over time, as it can reduce
energy bills and lower the carbon footprint of the facility.

The air purifier design is cost-effective, which means that it offers a great value for the price.
With its compact design, water reuse ability, and energy efficiency, your air purifier design can
deliver high-quality air purification results at a reasonable cost.

3.5. Alternate Design

Fig. - 3.5: Alternate Design of Air Purifier

HEPA-technology filters on air purifiers can capture 99.7% of the airborne particulate matter
(PM) flowing in your home. The elimination of these contaminants can have[3] both short-
term and long-term positive effects on health, including longer life and improved sleep[12].

3.6. Materials Used

Before processing a project fabrication, it is really important to select the material which is
going to be used in the project. The material which are used in the project is written below:

1. Blower: A blower is used in the project to send the unfiltered air and dust to the water
system. This is used to enhance the power of blower suction (shown in Fig. 3.6).

Specifications:

• Power Source : Corded Electric

• Form Factor : Handheld
• Special Feature : Electric
• Item Weight : 1.2 kg

28
• Style : Compact & Electric
• Material : Plastic
• Wattage : 600 watts
• Speed : 15000 RPM
• Blowing Speed : 2.6 m3 min-1

Fig. - 3.6: Blower

2. Pump: A pump (shown in Fig. 3.7) is used to re-circulate the water and purify it
through antibacterial and germicidal filter.

Specifications:

• Material : Plastic
• Power Source : Corded Electric
• Air Flow Capacity : 750 LPH
• Operation Mode : Automatic
• Cable Length : 0.67 m
• Weight : 180 g

Fig. - 3.7: Pump

29
3. Pipe: A pipe (shown in Fig. 3.8) is used to make a connection between the blower and
the water system through which the dust and the unfiltered air pass and enter the
water system.

Fig. - 3.8: Pipe

4. Centrifugal Turbine Cooling Fan: It is used to lower the temperature of the

ambient, and an exhaust fan is utilized to blow the cooled air into the workspace.
(shown in Fig.3.9)

Fig. - 3.9: Turbine Cooling Fan

Specifications:

• Size : 97*97*33 mm
• Voltage : 12 V
• Current : 2.85 A

30
5. HEPA Filter: HEPA stands for High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter. It is a powerful
filter(shown in Fig. 3.10) with high efficiency used to purify air particulate at a very
advanced level.

Fig. - 3.10: HEPA Filter

6. Exhaust Fan: Exhaust fan (shown in Fig. 3.11) is used for intended implantation of
ventilation. It is also used to remove the bad odour, hot air or moisture from a room or
from a desired space. An exhaust fan is used to throw out the filtered air passes through
HEPA filter.

Fig. - 3.11: Exhaust Fan

7. Steel: Steel (shown in Fig. 3.12) is used for the supporting purpose of the HEPA filter.
It is used in the form of a tray. The steel tray is riveted from top in order to hold the
HEPA filter and the exhaust fan in a proper order.

31
 Fig. - 3.12: Steel Sheet

8. Glass: A box made up of glass (shown in Fig. 3.13) is used to stores the water in which
all the dust from the atmosphere submits down there. The box is surrounded by four
sides and from bottom. The upper side of it is open in order to store water in it.

Fig. - 3.13: Glass Container

9. Iron: Iron (shown in Fig.3.14) is also used for making the frame and another supportive
system for the instruments used in the project.

Fig. - 3.14: Iron Sheet

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10. Regulator as a Switch: Regulator (shown in Fig. 3.15) is used as switch to turn on/off
the purification system as well to control the speed of the blower fan.

Fig. - 3.15: Regulator

11. Wires: Wires (shown in Fig.3.16) are used to connect the electrical devices to the
electricity.

Fig. - 3.16: Wire

12. Glue: Glue (shown in Fig. 3.17) is used to stick the devices/instrument of the system
to its desirable spots.

Fig. - 3.17: Glue

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 CHAPTER – 4

RESULT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION

4.1. Clean Area Delivery Rate

CADR is the abbreviation of Clean Air Delivery Rate. It is either measured as a cubic meter of
air delivered in an hour or a cubic foot of air delivered in a minute. Essentially, it is the indicator
of how much air the purifier cleans in a given time. Obviously, the higher the better. The
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers suggests having three CADR numbers
mentioned on each purifier, namely CADR for tobacco smoke, dust and pollen.

Smoke CADR value = Square Feet of Room / 1.55

Square feet of room = 12 sq.ft.

Smoke CADR value = 12 / 1.55 = 7.741 m3/hr

4.2. Air Change per Hour

ACH simply is the number of times an air purifier filters all of the air in a room in one hour.
So, an ACH rating of 4 means that the purifier filters the air in the room four times an hour. As
you would have already figured out by now, it is one of the most important factors that signify
the effectiveness of the air purifier.

CADR= 7.741 m3/hr.

Assume we want to 4 air changes per hour

4 ACH × 1200 = 4800 Ft3/H

CFM = (4 ACH × 1200 Ft3) /60

CFM = 80 CFM

ACH rating = Air changed in an hour / Room Volume

ACH = (80CFM × 60)/1200Ft3 = 4 ACH

4.3. Result and Discussion

• Water filter removes more than 91.97% of particles that have a size of fewer than 0.02
microns.
• Area Cover: About 12 Sq. ft.
• Clean Area Delivery Rate: 7.71 m3/hr.
• Air Change per Hour: 4 36
• Time required to purify air to a safer lever: 10-15 min

34
 Fig. - 4.1: Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier

Fig. - 4.2: Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier isometric View

35
Fig. - 4.3: Silent Air Purifier and Humidifier isometric View

36
 CHAPTER – 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1. Conclusion

The conclusion of the report after processing the prototype is written below:

• Different types of filter available in the market, but this air purifier is accessed by
using water as another medium of air filtration.
• Few air purifier filters also use HEPA, charcoal, ionizing, UV to purify the water.
• Selection of design and budget to make it more economical friendly.
• The primary purpose of water filter is to produce clean, virus – free air by removing
polluted particles from the atmosphere.
• A water filter is an essential investment for someone with a dust or pollen allergy.
• For the filters to be categorized as Water, strict criteria must be met.
• The ability of a water filter to filter out particles as fine as 0.03 microns should be
more than 91.97%.

5.2. Future Scope

The growth in outdoor pollution in Indian cities is mostly caused by an increase in the number
of vehicles on the road, intense construction, and industry. It is obvious that more trees will be
cut down and more land will be made available for infrastructure in a booming economy with
more than 125 billion people to feed. There will therefore be repercussions for these actions.
The groundwater, the crops, and the air are the first to become dangerous. Obviously, the
consequences of our irresponsible behavior will be severe for future generations. We need to
be conscious of the situation and take steps that will, at the absolute least, reduce the burden
on our one and only planet. Most of us decide how much food and drink we will consume, but
the air we breathe is completely ignored. The rise in respiratory problems, especially in
children, shows that pollutants are seriously harming the respiratory system. Additionally, it is
evident from the increase in your doctor appointments or pharmaceutical use. Sharp air
purifiers let us breathe clean, filtered air, which reduces the number of pollutants that enter our
bodies and reduces the need for medication or time off work. This is lacking from the majority
of brand pledges since they are too focused on minimizing dust or other particles and have been
diverted from the true need and advantages that a consumer expects. The majority of people
believe that indoor air is clean and healthy, yet because of inadequate ventilation and lack of
sunlight, every indoor activity adds pollutants to the air we breathe. For instance, electronic
devices, cleaning products, mosquito repellents, and kitchen smoke all contribute to the air we
breathe is contaminated. In addition to numerous other strategies, such as using plants, air
purifiers are quickly gaining popularity. However, the sector has yet to gain popularity among
consumers due to the absence of rapid pleasure or immediate results. The need for cutting-edge
solutions grows as public awareness and the demand for air purifiers both rise. The air purifier

37
market is anticipated to experience an increase in demand for purifiers because nearly all of the
top brands invest a lot of time and money in the R&D of their products. Today's innovations
include air purifiers with mosquito catchers, automobile purifiers, and air sterilizers, but the
market for these items is still quite tiny and constrained. The Indian air purifier market is still
in its infancy. To eradicate bacteria and viruses, lessen odours, and eliminate dust, pollen, and
other pollutants from the air, innovations in air purification systems must be developed
holistically.

38
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41
 APPENDIX
• Plagiarism Report

• Figure References

[24] https://images.app.goo.gl/iC72m67ABFXfgrHJ

[25] https://images.app.goo.gl/H7k4m8zeNnTmPSrR8

[26] https://images.app.goo.gl/N2XstwVj2SeJmXNe9

[27] https://images.app.goo.gl/zgZET6iANFZxqMGf6

[28] https://images.app.goo.gl/tdKVHBFuiERwTJO

[29] https://images.app.goo.gl/q7dAWQadaiUnom4p7

[30] https://images.app.goo.gl/3kCqZDmKVbzee2nc9

[31] https://images.app.goo.gl/CYi4rdWSu3RPvrsa7

[32] https://images.app.goo.gl/iC72m24AABX8GPWU6

[33] https://images.app.goo.gl/HVRFxfwu7NTtwztQA

[34] https://images.app.goo.gl/tdBWKvGgiDMnrf5S8

42
 USER MANUAL
Steps to follow for proper operations of Air Purification System for Small Industry:

Step 1: First check all the appliances are in working conditions or not.

Step 2: Place the germicidal filter properly in the water tub.

Step 3: Place the vacuum blower as per you desired environment.

Step 4: Turn on the vacuum blower and turn on the turbine cooling fan.

Step 5: Adjust the HEPA filter.

Step 6: Check all the circuits properly.

Step 7: Plugin the wire into the socket and turn on the switch.

43