COMMUNICATION

- Method wherein language, symbols, or 2. Information

manners are used to share information or to
state opinions or thoughts. - The ability to recognize when information is
- The exchange of information and the needed, and to locate, evaluates, and
expression of thoughts or notion that can effectively communicates information in its
result in understanding. various formats.

BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 3. Technology

Non Verbal - Refers to the ability of knowing how to use

technology, its tools or networks to find,
- Sign, symbols, gestures, color, body language create, evaluate, or use information.
and facial expression
MIL
Verbal
- Media and Information Literacy aims to
- Oral communication and Written inspire citizens with essential knowledge
Communication about the functions of media and information
systems in a democratic society.
Process of Communication (Laswell’s Communication
Model, 1948) Information Literacy

- Communicator (who)  Meaning and delivery of information

- Message (says what)  Location and access of information
- Medium (channel)  Evaluation of Information
- Receiver (to whom)  Information organization
- Feedback (Effect)  Information uses
 Communicating and using information
Media ethically

- Are communication tools that give Media Literacy

information.
 Know the role and functions of media
Information  Understand the circumstances under which
media and fulfill them
- Is knowledge or data gathered through  Examine and assess media content critically
experiences or research  Using media for preparing for democratic and
intercultural discussion and learning
Communication affected by:  Make user- generated content

- Television/ radio Technology

- Internet
- Magazine  Communication
- Newspaper  Innovation
 Collaboration
 Information and research fluency
3 TYPES OF LITERACY  Processes and concepts of technology

1. Media PRE-HISTORIC TECHNOLOGY

- Refers to reading, analyzing, evaluating and - Technologies that exist before recorded.
producing communication in different media - Began 2.5 million yrs. Before writing was
forms. developed.
 - HOMINIDS – who used STONE TOOLS, which Information Literacy
they may have used to start fires, hunt and - The ability to know when info is required.
bury their dead. - Ability to Find, Analyze, Evaluate,
Communicate and use info effectively in diff.
1. Paleolithic formats.
- Means “OLD STONE AGE”, begins with the - Right info needed and knowing how to use it.
first use of stone tools.
Literacy
2. Mesolithic - Gives skills to locate and evaluate info
- Small flint tools, Fishing tackles, stone adzes including the use of technology.
and wooden objects, e.g. canoes and bows.
Technology
3. Neolithic - Enables individual to access a large scale of
- Settlements info either for personal, work-related, or
- Circular houses with single rooms made of academic uses.
MUDBRICK.
- Burial findings suggest an ancestor cult where Info Literate Person Attributes
people preserved skulls of the dead.
- Identity, find, evaluate, apply, acknowledge
INDUSTRIAL AGE
5 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION LITERACY
- Began around 1760 includes economic and
social organization changes. 1. Identity – can identify the nature and extent
of info needed.
1. Agricultural
- Huge increase in food output supported the 2. Find – can find the info needed effectively and
expansion and sustained a large population efficiently.
and boosted trade.
- Increase use of machines over human or 3. Evaluate – can evaluate info and its sources
animal power in farming also meant that critically.
fewer farm workers were needed.
4. Apply – can apply info effectively to
2. Transportation accomplish a specific purpose
- Better metals and richer fuel also contribute
to industrialization by creating steam engine, 5. Acknowledge – can acknowledge sources of
factories, and ships info and the issues surrounding info.

ELECTRONIC AGE
Media
- Period wherein people can easily
communicate with anyone, anywhere. - Use of various devices – such as television,
- Invention of the TELEGRAPH in 1899. radio, computers, etc.
- Morse Code - To provide or share info massively
- Refers to any object that is used to relay
INFORMATION AGE message.
- Considered as a SOURCE OF RELIABLE info for
- Also known as the digital age, computer age, its contents
or the new media age
- Described as an economy based on the
computerization of the information improved
from the industrial revolution brought
through industrialization.
Information TYPES OF MEDIA
- Is a term that refers to knowledge or
processed data gathered through experiences 1. Print Media
or research.
- Material that are printed such as books, band FM is used worldwide to provide high-
newsletter, magazines, journals, etc. that fidelity sound over broadcast radio.
provide info.
- EVENINGERS are newspapers published in the f. Television Broadcasting (telecast)
evening
- Started experimentally in 1925, commercially
2. Broad Media in the 1930’s.
- An EXTENSION of radio broadcasting ,
a. Telephone (1881-1932) including not only sound signals, but also
including video signal.
- Used for communicating with people far
away. g. Cable Radio
- Considered as the earliest form of electronic
broadcasting. - Cable FM, created in 1928, Cable television
- Began with Theatre Phone systems or created in 1932.
THEATROPHONE – made by CLEMENT ADER, a - Mainly serve as media to transmit radio or
French inventor in 1881 television stations programming via COAXIAL
- Allows people to listen to live opera and CABLE, and then escalating into a wide-range
theatre performance over the telephone. universe of different cable-originated
channels.
b. Radio
h. Direct Broadcast Satellite
- Started in 1906 and commercially in 1920.
These refer to sounds signals that are - Started in 1974 and Satellite Radio started
transported from a transmitter through the commercially in 1990 provides a combination
air as radio waves, collected by an antenna of television broadcasting and traditional
and transmitted to a receiver. radio that has a dedicated satellite radio
- Radio networks links radio stations to programming. Meant for direct-to-home
disseminate radio programs. program broadcasting.

c. First send Morse Code Wirelessly 3. Webcasting of Video/ Television

- GUGLIELMO MARCONI, patented a complete - Started commercially in 1993 and Webcasting

wireless system in 1897 and he was the first of audio/ radio streams radio and television
to give a demonstration of wireless station programming through internet.
telegraphy.
- He built on theoretical work of Maxwell and 4. YouTube
Hertz to send and receive Morse code.
- Telegraphy was first used by British Army and - Youtube, LLC is an American video-sharing
Navy in the Boer War. website
- Marconi died in 1973. Tesla died in 1943 and
six months after his death the US Supreme 5. New Media or Internet
Court rules that all of Marconi’s radio patents
were invalid and awarded the patents for - Refers to the content hat us accessed on
radio to Tesla. internet that is easily accessed on any digital
device. Examples of new media includes(e.g.
d. AM (Reginald Aubrey Fessenden) blogs, social media, online newspaper, etc.) or
even video games.
- Amplitude Modulation is a technique used in - Provides content through discussion that
electronic communication, most commonly allows people to share and discuss their own
for transmitting info via radio carrier wave. opinions about several topics.

e. FM
INDEGINOUS MEDIA
- Frequency Modulation, invented in 1933 by
American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide- - Also known as community media
 - Refers to any form of media utilizing
indigenous knowledge that is made and
managed by, for, and about the community.
- Indigenous knowledge refers to the unusual
source of info that is delivered through people
in media.

Library
- A place wherein literary, musical, artistic, or
reference books or materials are found and
used by various people but are not for sale.
Shot Angles
1. Books
- These are used in looking for a great deal of
info about a topic. “Stacks” refer to collections
of books that are organized and stored by
libraries.

2. Academic Journals
- Used for research
- Group of articles, reviewed by editorial board

3. Encyclopedia
- Collections of various facts usually written by Camera Movement
diff. contributors who are knowledgeable
- General Encyc covers a large variety of topics 1. Zoom
- Subject Encyc more specific an in-depth
entries of info - Most well-known camera move
- Moving closer or further away
4. Library Catalog - To magnify certain focus point
- Organized collection of records of the items
found in a library 2. Pan
- Lead to the location of a source about a topic
- Camera moving horizontally from 1 side to
Mass Media another (central axis)
- A rotating movement which the camera’s
- Large audience through written, spoken, or position remain in place but the direction
broadcast communication. changes

Codes 3. Dolly
- Entire camera is mounted on a track and is
- Are system of signs, which create meaning moved towards or away from a subject
- Gives illusion
2 CATEGORIES OF CODES
4. Truck
1. Technical Codes
- Similar to dolly
- Used to tell the story in a media text, for - Moving the entire camera along a fixed point,
example the camera work in a film but the motion goes from side to side.
- Follow characters in action.

5. Tilt

- Similar to panning
- Kept in a stationary position, but unlike
panning tilting focuses on upward and
 downward movements. Helps to fit more into Gaming
a single frame
- Excessive violence
6. Pedestal - Addiction
- Values of people
- Aka Boom up/down or Jib up/down
- Moving the camera upward or downward Instant Messaging
- Entire camera ascends or descends, rather
than just the angle of the camera - Shortened to “IM” or “IMing”
- For tall or high subject - Act of exchanging message through a
software app.
2. Symbolic Codes
Downloading
- Show what is beneath the surface of what we
see. - Piracy – unauthorized use or reproduction of
another’s work
a. Setting - Without proper permission is an act of piracy

- Both the time and geographic location within Copyright

a narrative, either non-fiction or fiction
- Legal right created by the law
b. Action - Grants the creator of an original work
exclusive rights for its use and distribution
- Fact or process of doing something, typically - Only for a limited time
to achieve an aim, a thing done; an act, the
way in which something works or move. Patent

- Set of exclusive rights granted by sovereign

ETHICS state

- Also known as moral philosophy Trademark

- Moral connecting to human behavior
- Recognizable sign, design, or expression which
AREAS OF ETHICAL CONCERNS IN DIGITAL MEDIA identifies products or services of a particular
source
Social Networking
- Use of websites and applications to interact or Netiquette
to communicate
- Ethical guidelines in communication or using
ETHICAL CONCERNS IN SOCIAL NETWORKING the internet.
- Rules on how to act during discussions
1. Privacy – Network Accounts a. Introduce yourself
b. Enter a subject line
2. Free Speech – power to post anything c. Do not use sarcasm
d. Value and have respect for others’ privacy
3. Authenticity – uses info of other people e. Be cautious in copying
f. Do not spam or send out junk mail
Blogging g. Be curt
h. Observe proper language
- Intends to inform people or to discuss about a i. Use proper emoticons to help express
particular topic. meaning
- To advertise products
- Article III, Section 4 – no law that should be
passed that relates in reducing or removing
people’s right to express.
SOME ISSUES RELATED IN USING MEDIA AND Overall Impacts of Media and Information
INFORMATION INDIVIDUAL

Digital Divide

- Gap between users when it comes to access

of info and communication tech.

Addiction

- Commonly called PIU or Problematic Internet

Use that refers to too much use of internet to
the pint that affects daily life.

Cyberbullying or cyber-harassment

- Bullying done online

Virtual Self

- Digital identity or assumed identity in the

virtual world.

ISSUES OF USING UNGRUARDED INTERNET

1. Citizen Journalism

2. Phishing

3. Human Trafficking
SOCIETY