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Q10: A company has decided to update its current computer system.
As part of the analysis, name two methods they could use to research their existing system.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each.
•Interview
Advantage
The user is more open and honest with the answers
Questions can be added to/extended
Questions can be modified
Can see body language/facial expressions
Disadvantage
Time consuming to complete all the interviews
Expensive due to analyst’s time
Can give answers that they think the interviewer wants
May not be available at the time the analyst is available
Questionnaire
Advantage
Faster to complete all questionnaires
Cheaper to produce questionnaires than pay/employ an interviewer
More people can answer the questionnaire than can be interviewed.
They can fill it in in their own time.
Disadvantage
Tend not to be popular with users
Too inflexible cannot ask follow up questions
Users tend to exaggerate their responses as they are anonymous.
As it’s anonymous people may not take it seriously.
Cannot expand on their answers/limited in their responses
Examining documents of the existing system
Advantage
Information can be obtained which is not possible using other methods.
Can see the scale of the problem easily
Disadvantage
Time consuming to go through the documents
Expensive method as the analyst will have to spend time going through documents.
Observation
Advantage
Reliable data
Better overall view of the whole system/all the inputs and outputs of the system
Inexpensive method as the analyst is only watching the workers.
Disadvantage
Hawthorne effect (describe)
Q11: A company called HotHouse Design has produced the following on-screen data entry
form to input data into a customer database
Describe the changes that HotHouse Design could make to
their form in order to improve its design and make it more
user friendly
Add more navigation/control buttons
.. for forward/backward/cancel/clear form
Add navigation buttons to make it easier to navigate between
pages
Cancel/clear button allows the user the clear the form if errors are
made
Fill the screen with the data
Add larger font size
Change font colour to contrasting colours
Change to appropriate size of the boxes to write in the data
Use character boxes for telephone number/ref. No.
Better layout on the screen
Instructions to enter data
Explain why it is better to use a computer to store the records rather than the manual
system
Faster to search for a record
Faster to retrieve records
Data can easily be used in other applications
Example mail merge to send out reminders
Faster/easier to add/edit/delete records
Saves physical space in the office as there are no paper records stored
Cheaper to store data as there is less paper used
There would be fewer errors as there is no manual checking of paper records
Safeguards to reduce errors can be built into the software
Several people can use the data at the same time
Q12:
Which approach to development would work better for an IT project with many unknowns
and ever-changing requirements?
a. Agile
b. Waterfall
Agile Software Development is based on
a. Incremental Development
b. Iterative Development
c. Linear Development
d. Both Incremental and Iterative Development
The Waterfall Model is also referred to as what?
a. Linear-sequential life cycle model
b. Non linear-sequential life cycle model
c. Circular-sequential life cycle model
d. Non Sequential life cycle model
In a waterfall model, each phase must be completed before what?
a. It does not matter
b. The next phase can begin
c. All of the above
In what phase is the software development team expected to carry out coding activities?
a. Implementation
b. Specification analysis
c. Maintenance
d. Design
Who carries out unit testing?
a. The programmer
b. The project manager
c. End Users
Which approach to development would work better for an IT project with many unknowns
and ever-changing requirements?
a. Agile
b. Waterfall
Agile Software Development is based on
a. Incremental Development
b. Iterative Development
c. Linear Development
d. Both Incremental and Iterative Development
The Waterfall Model is also referred to as what?
a. Linear-sequential life cycle model
b. Non linear-sequential life cycle model
c. Circular-sequential life cycle model
d. Non Sequential life cycle model
In a waterfall model, each phase must be completed before what?
a. It does not matter
b. The next phase can begin
c. All of the above
In what phase is the software development team expected to carry out coding activities?
a. Implementation
b. Specification analysis
c. Maintenance
d. Design
Who carries out unit testing?
a. The programmer
b. The project manager
c. End Users
Q13: Differentiate between Agile and Waterfall Methodologies.
key Difference Between Waterfall and Agile
• Waterfall is a Linear Sequential Life Cycle Model, whereas Agile is a continuous
iteration of development and testing in the software development process.
• In Agile vs Waterfall difference, the Agile methodology is known for its flexibility,
whereas Waterfall is a structured software development methodology.
• Comparing the Waterfall methodology vs Agile, which follows an incremental
approach, whereas the Waterfall is a sequential design process.
• Agile performs testing concurrently with software development, whereas in Waterfall
methodology, testing comes after the “Build” phase.
• Agile allows changes in project development requirements, whereas Waterfall has no
scope of changing the requirements once the project development starts.
What is Waterfall methodology?
Waterfall Model methodology which is also known as Linear Sequential Life Cycle Model.
Waterfall Model followed in the sequential order, and so project development team only
moves to next phase of development or testing if the previous step completed successfully.
What is the Agile methodology?
Agile methodology is a practice that helps continuous iteration of development and testing in
the software development process. In this model, development and testing activities are
concurrent, unlike the Waterfall model. This process allows more communication between
customers, developers, managers, and testers.
Advantages of Waterfall Model:
It is one the easiest model to manage. Because of its nature, each phase has specific
deliverables and a review process.
It works well for smaller size projects where requirements are easily understandable.
Faster delivery of the project
Process and results are well documented.
Easily adaptable method for shifting teams
This project management methodology is beneficial to manage dependencies.
Advantages of the Agile Model:
It is focused client process. So, it makes sure that the client is continuously involved during
every stage.
Agile teams are extremely motivated and self-organized so it likely to provide a better result
from the development projects.
Agile software development method assures that quality of the development is maintained
The process is completely based on the incremental progress. Therefore, the client and team
know exactly what is complete and what is not. This reduces risk in the development process.
Limitations of Waterfall Model:
It is not an ideal model for a large size project
If the requirement is not clear at the beginning, it is a less effective method.
Very difficult to move back to makes changes in the previous phases.
The testing process starts once development is over. Hence, it has high chances of bugs to be
found later in development where they are expensive to fix.
Limitations of Agile Model
It is not useful method for small development projects.
It requires an expert to take important decisions in the meeting.
Cost of implementing an agile method is little more compared to other development
methodologies.
The project can easily go off track if the project manager is not clear what outcome he/she
wants.
Q14: Describe the use of Prototypes
It’s simple.
Typically you are trying to solve a problem when developing a new idea. If you don’t build a
prototype and test it how do you know it will resolve the issue you are trying to fix?
Building a prototype gives you the opportunity to try, hold, interact with, and get feedback.
Building a prototype allows you to measure data about your product you otherwise wouldn’t
of been able to get. It allows you to correct any issues, see what works what doesn’t, to give
the flexibility to make any major changes before final production. In some cases you may
even have to go back to the drawing board after your prototype is built.
Main Reasons Why A Prototype Is Needed
• Accuracy: Prototyping helps eliminate ambiguities. If there is any doubt, this is the
time to get that resolved.
• Ergonomics: With a prototype you get to see if it fits well in your hands, on your body
or in a space. Not only on your body, but in many different body types. Prototyping
helps define the correct ergonomics that your idea may need.
• Aesthetics: A prototype can help you define the colors, textures and the materials
needed.
• Survey: A prototype is ideal to collect data. With it you can survey people to get
feedback.
• Pitch: If you plan on showcasing your idea to potential investors or a company a
prototype is a great way to introduce your idea.
• Testing: A prototype helps you test your idea, if it really works or if it needs
mechanical tweaks. This is probably the most important validation of your idea. If it
works here you can improve its accuracy.
Q15: Differentiate between Alpha and Beta testing.
