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Bioremediation

The document discusses forests in India, including: 1. Forests provide minor forest products like canes, gums, resins, dyes, fibers, medicines, and lac for tribal people as well as employment and revenue. 2. Forests provide fodder for cattle and earn foreign exchange through exports of products like essential oils, resins, and dyes. 3. India's forest area was estimated at 74.8 million hectares in 1980 according to the Central Forestry Commission, comprising different forest types and with most (71.63 million hectares) owned by the government.

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Mohammad Zamir Taqwa
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28 views2 pages

Bioremediation

The document discusses forests in India, including: 1. Forests provide minor forest products like canes, gums, resins, dyes, fibers, medicines, and lac for tribal people as well as employment and revenue. 2. Forests provide fodder for cattle and earn foreign exchange through exports of products like essential oils, resins, and dyes. 3. India's forest area was estimated at 74.8 million hectares in 1980 according to the Central Forestry Commission, comprising different forest types and with most (71.63 million hectares) owned by the government.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Zamir Taqwa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bioremediation

15. Minor forest products: Some examples of minor forest products, are canes, gums,
resins, dyes, flocks, medicines, tannins, lac, fibres, katha etc.
1. For tribal people are provided with food like tuber, roots, leaves, fruits, meat
from birds and other animals etc.
16. Employment opportunities: About eight crore people are employed in wood based
industries like paper and match and small and cottage industries. Besides, those
who are employed in the forest department in various states.
17. Revenue Receipts: The forest provide Rs. 400 crores per year as revenue to the
government.
18. Fodder for Cattle: Forest provide fodder to cattle.
19. Foreign Exchange Earners: Forest produce a great number of articles like
essential oils, resins and dyes. Which find market in foreign countries. Nearly Rs.
50 crores are earned in foreign exchange through selling lac, terpentine oil and
sandal wood oil to abroad.
Thus, the forests are nation’s wealth. They are useful to us directly and indirectly.
Areas Covered with Forests in India
Forests are a estimated form time to time. Some data collected in the basis of researches
made, are as under:
Brewbaker (1984)
According to Brewbaker, to 2890, total forest are of the world in 1990 was nearly 700 Mha.
By 1975 it was reduced to 2890 Mha. It was also pointed out that it would be merely 2370
Mha
by 200 A.D. Major reduction will be in tropics and subtropics (40.2), shown in Figs. 2.2 and
2.3.
Fores t A re a in th e ye a r 1 9 7 2 -7 3
0
1000 000 0
2000 000 0
3000 000 0
4000 000 0
5000 000 0
6000 000 0
7000 000 0
8000 000 0
9000 000 0
And hra P rad e s h
Haryana
Ke rala
D ad ar & Nag ar
O ris s a
Uttar P rad es h
D e lhi
1972 -7 3 sq km
Fig. 2.2
14 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
100000
F o rest A rea in th e Year 1980-8
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
A ndhra P radesh
H aryana
K erala
D adar & N agar
O rissa
U ttar P radesh
D elhi
1980-82 sq km
Fig. 2.3
C.F.C. (1980)
According to Central Forestry Commission (CEF) (1980) in India the forest cover was
around 74.8 Mha. It was 22.7% of the total land mass. A detailed study of forests carried
out by CEF reveals the position of forests in India as under:
(a) The tropical dry deciduous (38.7%).
(b) The tropical moist deciduous (30.9%) type.
(c) The tropical thorn 6.9%
(d) The tropical dry evergreen 0.1%
(e) The pure coniferous (high mountainous area) 6.3%
(f) The sal forest 16%
(g) The teak forest 13%
(h) The broad-leaved excluding Sal and Teak 55.8%
(i) The Bamboos including in plantations 8.8%
Ownership
(a) The total forest are nearly 96% (71.63 Mha) forest area is Government owned.
(b) 2.6% (1.95 Mha) forest area is owned by corporate bodies.
(c) 1.2 Mha forest area is in private owneship.
Total area under forests in different states during 1972-75 and 1980-82 is as under:

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