MOD 14

Elements of a Story
1. Setting: Where and when is the story set? Setting represents both the physical
location but also the time (i.e. past, present, future) and the social and cultural
conditions in which the characters exist.
2. Character: A person or animal or really anything personified. There can be one
main character or many, and often there are secondary characters, but not
always.
3. Plot: The events that happen in a story are called the plot. In a plot you
typically find an introduction, rising action, a climax, the falling action, and a
resolution. Plot is often represented as an arc.
4. Conflict: Every story must have a conflict, i.e. a challenge or problem around
which the plot is based. Without conflict, the story will have no purpose or
trajectory.
5. Theme: Idea, belief, moral, lesson or insight. It’s the central argument that the
author is trying to make the reader understand. The theme is the “why” of the
story.
6. Point-of-view: “Who” is telling the story? First person (“I”) or third person
(“he/she/it”). Limited (one character’s perspective), multiple (many characters’
perspectives) or omniscient (all knowing narrator). Second person (“you”) is not
often used for writing stories.
7. Tone: The overall emotional “tone” or meaning of the story. Is it happy, funny,
sad, and depressed? Tone can be portrayed in multiple ways, through word and
grammar choices, choice of theme, imagery and description, symbolism, and the
sounds of the words in combination (i.e. rhyme, rhythm, and musicality)

1. What is the principal aim of Spain in the Philippines during their

regime? Spain had three objectives in its policy toward the Philippines,
its only colony in Asia: to acquire a share in the spice trade, to develop
contacts with China and Japan in order to further Christian
missionaries’ efforts there, and to convert the Filipinos to Christianity.

2. How did the Spaniards influence the Filipino way of life? The
Spaniards brought the Philippines into the attachment of the Western
culture. Particularly,

READ THE STORY “LENGUA PARA DIABLO”

LENGUA MEANS TOUNGE IN SPANISH

MOD 15
WHAT IS PRELUDE?
- This is an event or situation that serves as an introduction to something which is
more important
. - Preludes by Daryll Delgado touches the issues on adultery and concubinage.
- Adultery – is a relationship between a married man and someone other than his
wife or between a married woman and someone other than her husband
- Concubinage- cohabitation of persons not legally married

THE GIRL HUSBAND NAME ON THE PRELUDE WAS NENITA

Preludes by Daryll Delgado

1. What are the grounds for adultery in the Philippines?
Adultery is punishable by imprisonment of Prision Correcional in its medium and
maximum period (range of 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment).
Both your wife and her paramour shall be subjected to such punishment if found
guilty.

2. What are the grounds for concubinage in the Philippines?

Concubinage is punishable by imprisonment ranging from 6 months and 1 day to
4 years and 2 months. On the other hand, the mistress is merely imposed a
punishment of destierro. It is akin to a restraining order where the mistress shall
not be permitted to enter designated places within the radius specified by the
law.

MOD 16
Common Examples of Figurative Language

1. When you use a metaphor, you make a statement that doesn't literally make sense. For example,
"Time is a thief." Time is not actually stealing from you but this conveys the idea that hours or days
sometimes seem to slip by without you noticing.

2. A simile also compares two things. However, similes use the words "like" or "as."

3. Hyperbole is an outrageous exaggeration that emphasizes a point. It tends toward the ridiculous or
the funny. Hyperbole adds color and depth to a character.

4. Symbolism occurs when a word has its own meaning but is used to represent something entirely
different.

“Justice” by Ralph Semino Galán

the sword represented authority in ancient times and conveys the idea that justice can be swift and
final.

unexplained killings without due process of law can never be unsurpassed (as good as or better than any
other)

MOD 17

Turban Legend (An excerpt from Leche)

Millions of Filipinos have left the Philippines in order to look for greener pastures abroad. It is startling
to discover that the biggest segment of Asian-Americans in the United States is composed of Filipino-
Americans. There are also Filipinos going as far as the Middle East and Australia, working as health care
providers, teachers, entertainers, accountants, engineers, electricians, chefs, and domestic workers. This
trend will continue on into the future, unless there are better job opportunities here in the country. The
reality has been called the Philippine diaspora, and comes with societal consequences.

goods like SPAM and Libby’s Vienna sausage, designer jeans (new or hand-me-down), travel sized
bottles of shampoo, conditioner, and body lotion. But Vince also points out that these items inside the
balikbayan boxes can be easily purchased at Duty Free which is outside the airport. Vince also
mentioned a story that was told by his older sister Jing, wherein an engineer talked his roommate into
checking him in as an excess baggage which was cheaper that a round-trip fare. But the man died of
hypothermia. Vince didn’t buy the story and said that there were too many loopholes. It was a “turban
legend.” Jing said that, “You’re missing the point, brother.” “It’s not the mechanics that matter.” “It’s
about drama. The extremes a Filipino will go to just to go back home for Christmas with his family.”

MOD 18

Allegory It is a symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept is conveyed
with the aid of a more corporeal

Allusion It is a figure of speech whereby the author refers to a subject matter such as a place, event, or
literary work by way of a passing reference. It is up to the reader to make a connection to the subject
being mentioned.
Analogy It is a literary device that helps to establish a relationship based on similarities between two
concepts or ideas.

Metaphor It refers to a meaning or identity ascribed to one subject by way of another. In a metaphor,
one subject is implied to be another so as to draw a comparison between their similarities and shared
traits.

Simile One of the most commonly used literary devices; referring to the practice of drawing parallels or
comparisons between two unrelated and dissimilar things, people, beings, places and concepts.

“The Boy Named Crow” (an excerpt from Kafka on the Shore) by Haruki Murakami