3.1 Text #1 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. Do not spend more than 45 seconds. 4- Ifyou want to live a long, rich life, one of the best things you can do isto fill your Ife with happy feelings. Barbara Fredrickson, a University of Michigan psychologist, studied the causes of happy people's longer lives 2- A few months before the September 11 terrorist attacks, Fredrickson ‘studied 2 group of students to determine how quickly they reacted from slress. After hvo weeks of the attacks, she contacied them. She discov- tered that the students who showed more resilience had fewer signs of depression q “3. Fredrickson also found that itis possible to accelerate the recovery of ‘emotionally negative people by training them to view the experiment as a challenge, and not as something negative. She believes itis not just removing the negative thoughts: itis reorienting them to the positive. # she has to walk around the campus, she could view that negativaly, as a waste of time, or positively, as @ © chance to enjoy the outdaors and to do some exercise. NN aah pads : 1) The word “fill”, highlighted in the text, is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? Analyze © olmagine oinsist © Look for (rover) Je Make full Carrchan) 2) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), refers to which of the alterna tives? Ate months © Terrorist Attacks © 0 Fredrickson JxA group of students 0 Stress 3) The pronoun “them”, highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives? o Fredrickshon o Recovery APeople © Training ‘0 Experiment4) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1) Barbara Fredrickson, a University of Michigan psychologist, studied the causes of ‘nappy people's longer inves. Barbara Fredrickshon studied » psychologist at the University of Michegan. (0 The causes of the psychology of happy people were studied at the university. ‘o Happy people's longer lives are caused by Barbara Frecrickson. © Barbra Fredricksen has a long and happy life at the University of Michigan. ‘The longer lives of happy people were studied by Barbra Fredrickson, 5) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). ‘She olscovered thet the students who showed more resilence had fewer signs of depression. 9 The discovery of the depressed students showed mora resilience. Feuer signs of depression were present in students with more resience. © Depression is common in students who discover and show some signs. © More depression can be discovered in students with signs of resilence, ‘2 Resilience is commen in students who discover signs of depression. 5) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentonce below (paragraph 3). Fredrickson also found that itis possible to accelerate the recovery of emotionally negative people (..) © The recovery of Fredrickson depends on negative people, ® Fredrickson can accelerate the emotions of negative people. 2 There is a possibilty to accelerate the negative emotions. 2 Accelerated people found that itis possibie to recover emotions, ‘Emotionally negative people can have a faster recovery. Peo TE KRULL ALAA ALLL ro 7) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? | = Femoving the reoriented thoughts with exercise is positive |) 2 2oing exercise around the campus causes negative thoughts, Axit's important to transform negative thoughts into postive ones, © People that do some exercise can walk around the campus, © People who enjoy the outdoors do not have negative thoughts. Ce tT _ 2 Whatis the main idea of the text? How to ive for many years, ‘The power of positive thinking, Takking to people with trauma. '> Students’ resilience on campus. | 2 %e stress of terrorist attacks. ree‘seer sero oaenescansoumennessteamass 3.2 Text #2 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic, Do not spend more than 45 seconds. 1- Sharon Hoerr, @ nutrition researcher from Michigan State Univarsity, and Jason Mendoza, a pediatrician from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, are studying the complex nutritional situation of the food that kics eat’ Justa small part ofthe food that they eat during 'e day can be considered nutrtionally adequate, and it includes frult and milk. 25 percent of children trom 4 to 8 years oki consume fast food on atypical day. 2. The researchers tested the quality of food that kids eat in | Houston. More than 85 percent exéeeded the necessary amount of | fat, 75 percent were deficient in calcium, 62 percent were deficent in iron and 85 percent were deficient in vitamin A. This suggests that or | parents should read the nutritional information to determine what is included in this food. dumber eveler 3: H99g and her colleagues agrge that itis the responsibility ofthe ingusoy Laden and Sl more RUMEN optone for his and BARBS SESS EAA {or thelr children. Parents, doctors, consumer groups, and public health professionals can give a Strong message to fast-food companies: that kids’ food is more attractive when it is delicious and nutritious. to Aciapted trom SctenceOaiy, 1) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alternatives? © Baylor College of Medicine ‘© Complex nutritional situation Bids ‘© Small part of the food © Nutritionally adequate 2) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers’to which of the alternatives? © Hoerr and her colleagues 0 Food industry ‘© Nutritious options for kids Parents ‘9 Children3) The pronoun “It”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alternatives? © Strong message 0 Fast-ood companies Kids’ food o Attractive: 0 Delicious and nutritious 4) The word “exceeded”, highlighted in the text, is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? 4 Be superior ‘0 Reduce (0 Look for: (0 Understand © Calculate 5) Which statement is true, according to the text? ‘9 More than 85% of the food tested excoaded the necessary amount of salt. There was iron and vitamin A deficiency in more than 86% of the food tested. ‘9 About 25% of all children between the ages of four and eight eat too fast. © Children foods are attractive because they are nutritious and delicious. Parents should trust their children and give them the food that they want. anyon 6) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? ‘© The University of Michigan leads 2 complete study about kids’ nutrition. | _ Bilferent professionals are studying the food that children regularly eat "Jason Mendoza researches the influence of the food chosen by children. __ 9 The complex types of food that children eat are the topic of the study. "9 Two universities are studying the health situation of the kids in their states, 7) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below. 25 pareent of children from 4 to 8 years old consume fast faod on a typical day. © 25 children consume fast food 4 to 8 times every day © Typical children consume fast food for 4 to 8 years. _ #F ast food is frequently eaten by 4 to 8 year-old children. 2 Older children prefer to eat fast food 4 to 8 times a year.8) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below. ‘This suggests that parents should read the nutritional information to determine whatis included in this food. © The parents suggested the information that is included in the food, © To determine what is in the food, parents should suggest the ingredients. © If parents read the nutritional information, they should change the food. © Parents determine what their children eat, and the food has to be nutritious, ts important to read and pay attention to the characteristics of the food. 9) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? ©The resposioilty of Hoerr and her colleagues should focus on the quality of the food. © The food industry is responsible for the food deficiency of most children. oThe commercialization of healthy food is a resposiblity ofthe food industry. © Itis necessary to have professional help to choose healthy food for children. © Heerr and her colleagues must authorize the comercialization of healthy foods. 10) Whats the main idea of the text? The resposibilty of parents and the food industry in providing healthy food for children. ‘0 The relevance of specific healthy food for young children with special necessities. The food indusity should consutt parents when they decide to create new products. © Children are eating too much fast food, and itis causing several health problems (© The interference of the food industry on the quality of what children eat regularly,3.3 Texto #3 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. 4 A grant rere triton have limits for children's (Oke. A study involving 1,770 parents and Trost 50% of homes and more than 50% of family cars, children are exposed to passive smoke. The research also affirms that many children are rot protected by theif parents from passive smoke in public places. 2- Researchers Sara Pyle, and C. Keith Haddock, of the University of Missouri, interviewed parents and guardians at 15 pediatric departments in New York and New Jersey. They asked the parents to identity from a list what smoking restrictions were important for the family 3- In 40 percent of homes and in more than 50 percent of family cars, children are exposed to tobacco smoke. Less than 50% of the parents/guardians choose to sit in the no-smoking section of restaurants ‘and trains, and less than 50% ask others,not to smoke in the presence of their children. Families with sow salaries and ethnic minorities were aifiong the ones with no limits for children’s exposure to passive ‘smoking outside their homes. 4 Tobacco smoke influences the incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma. The results show the Secessity of more actions to stop smoking in public and other closed places to protect children from the SFacts of passive smoking YA AAAS DADS ,_Aax ‘Adapted from ScienceDally | The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the atives? ‘The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the atives? Pyle, and C. Keith Haddock ty of Missouri ts and guardians ediatric departments "York and New JerseyA “ 3) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alternatives? 050% af Parents/guardians © Restaurants and trains © Others. © Children 4) Which statement is true, according to the text? © More than 50% of parents choose non-smoking areas, All parents are worried about the health of their children. © Poo: families are more worried about passive smoking Children are exposed to tobacco smoke in 40% of homes, ~ © Smoking can be positive for people with high levels of anxiety,” 9) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1). A great percentage of families have no limits for children's exposure to tobacco smoke, © The exposure of children to the limits of their family is groat. OA great percentage of families are exposed to tobaco smoke. © Some parents smoke a lot and it usually affects their health, # Many families do not worry i thelr children are passive smokers. J ) y ) © Children who smoke are passive and exposed to their families, 6) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? 0.50% of family cars are not adequate places for smoking, © 1770 parents and guardians are exposed ta passive smoking .o'i public places children ara also exposed to pessive smoking, © Children should tak to ther parents about the dangers of emoking. 0 Researchers want to protect children from New York and New Jersey. 7) which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? .6 Researchers wanted to know the attitude of parents about smoking restrictions 0 Sara Pyle, and C. Kelth Haddock workin 18 pediatric departments in vo states 0 Its important to know what things are considered important to parents 2nd children 0 Parents and guarcians from the University of Missouri need smoking cestrisions. 0 The interviews with parents are Important forthe states of New York and Now. iersey. 8) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). Famniies with low salaries and ethnic miners were among ts for children’s exposure to passive smoking outsiae a There are no limits for children's exposure to ethnic minorities 0 ‘0 Most families with low salaries belong to ethnic minorities with no 6 The limits for passive smoking outside their homes are determines by ‘are Children’s passive smoking isnot a worry for most ethnic minorties ana p 775 Some spect ypes of amie ae arang the ones thal maks ther eras UIT eels pl & wrenerec, dan minouad (o seboswerre penn aon errors nie en! [rican 4 fonrilian polnn. 48“4 9) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 4). The results show the necessily of more actions to stop smoking In public and other closed places to protect chitin from the oflects of passive smoking ‘© Actions are necessary to prohibit the manufacture of cigarettes. ‘9 Children should not be taken to closed places with their parents. itis important to protect children from the effects of passive smoking Passive smoking is more common among aduits than children. © Smoking in public places is an incentive for children to buy cigarettes. 7/10) What is the main idea of the text? ‘0 Researchers want to know how many families with children smoke in their homes. ‘© The states of New York and New Jersey concentrate a great number cf smokers. ‘0 The University of Missouri is developing a system to treat passive smokers, tis important to alert families about the habits of poor families and ethnic minorities, A Passive smoking is dangerous, but many parents are not careful with their children.3.4 Texto #4 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. 4 Your mother told you that lying was bad, but the adult life educates people not to follow these instructions. In a CV (Curriculum Vitae), people want to present his or her experience in the most attractive way, but information can- rat be fiction. Lying Is net a good idea because of moral or ethical implications or because you can be discovered. 5 2, Yeurgtentlwertpace wil probably call your previous workplace, 1t ould “BE 'to get information to transfer your bank account or because the two bosses: é want to talk about you. You are changing the job, but you're probably not Py changing areas. Companies in the same area often participate of the same eo, ON {eonterences, conventions, workshops. Bosses ere always in the same profes- sional associations. Be 3 If you lied about your schoo! or degree, your company may check your school's list of ex-students, Or | some people at your new company can be ex-students or ex-classmates, and they are going fo unmask “yoy. Don't lie about the languages you speak, and don't exaggerate your proficiency. Sometimes interview- | ers will conduct part or all of an interview in the language you're affirming that you know especially if it is * ireciy related tothe position, | 4 Ifyou have any education, or experience, you can present yourself in a way that employers willing at. aa © tractive. If you need more experience. offer your services as a volunteer. Many bosses are ara $35 ee labor, so you can get better poston inthe fue if you gue your time, eye a corupae ‘Adapted from vault.com ZA) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? | © School of degree _ Company | 0 Schoo''s list of ex-students © Ex-students or ex-classmates Languages ", highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- The pronoun “tives? | 0 Proficiency o Interviewers 5 o Interview © Language © Position(/9) The word “unmask”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? © Understand # Expose: ‘0 Explain ‘interview ‘Stop The word “labor”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? Work o Analysis o Involvement o Mindset ‘0 Responsibility (/ 5) Which statement is true, according to the text? NG ARAM BESET vir CV Ws GON eet ra rire anctve tan. ‘0 Even if you lie in your GV, the real chances to be discovered are extremely I0Wi-" ~ 9 Your previous experiences with volunteer work should not be mentioned in your CV. ‘ying about you education is dangerous, bacause you may meet people from your school ‘9 Omit your proficiency in foreigh languages, because probably you will not be tested. (8) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? ‘@ Adults should not lie to their mothers, because lying is bad. ‘lf you write some fiction in your CY, it will ook more attractive. Ania CV, the information must ook good, but it has to be real, © There are ethical implications when you lie to your mother. © People usually do not follow the right instructions in a CV, S17 7) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? 0 You should always go to conferences, conventions and workshops. ‘2 When people decide to change areas, prefessional associations may hel. ‘0 Two bosses will always talk about you in conferences, conventions, ets Your new boss can get information about you in many different ways. ‘Always try to respect your boss in your job, especially when you are new. 2) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 4 ofthe text? ‘© People with good education sometimes are not adequate for certain positions. Ifyou offer your services as a volunteer, you may nevar get a real job later. ‘2 Some people have to find jobs in cifferent areas to get. more experience. ‘if you work for ree to get experience, you may inci=ase your chances in the future Inthe future, many bosses will ask people to work for free as volunteers forever.3.5 Texto #5 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. ade ne ltynanols 1- Obesity s becoming more fatal than smoking as a cause of cancer. Obesity & Agosto with about 1 percent of ageer morality n men ard 20 percent in women, compared with 30 percent Sach for smoking. in some years obesity wiles waar ba ta 2- Dt. Douglas R. Lowy of the National Cancer Institute says that cancer prevention begins at home. A study is producing info ‘associating obesity with @ variety of cancers, including Sréaét, colorectal, {er and pancreas. Alcohol is also associated with certain canoars. 3- In the 1980s, researchers focused on the quantity of fat that people ate ‘a8 a probable cause of cancer, but it was not well accepted. Later, they talked about diets high in fruits and vegetables as a way to reduce cancer, but again, they did not find evidence in studies. Now attention is in abesity, and more and © more doctors indicate that as @ cancer cause. 4- Studies indicated the existence of a great benefit fjom a fruit and vegetable diet in some cancers, including mouth, esoohagus, lukdeand stomach, They estimated thet 30 to 35 percent of cancers are caused by nutrtional factors, especially obesity, ‘Adopted rom a text by Rando E. Schinitd 1) The word “major”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? axAlmost possible prone pore © Very dificut 40 Most important © Very irrelevant © Quite inconstant The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? "0 1980s, | pResearchers o Quantity of fat © People 0 Diets ¢/Duiihe pronoun "they" Hshilahted In the:text (paragraph 4), refers tn which of the alters tives? Studies 0 Fruit and vegetable det Some cancers ° dun. esophagus, lng and stomach 6 30 to 36 percent of cancersV4 Which statement is true, according to the text? ‘© Evidence proves that obese people who eat vegetables have low risk of cancer. 0 To avoid cancer, people should not use fat when they cock vegetables, E Q Itis the first time in the history of the world that so many people have cancer. Researchers could not prove if fruits and vegetables reduced the incidence of cancer. © In the 1980s, researchers focused in the connection between sugar and cancer. f | (/8)\Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? 0 Obese people usually smoke more than people who are not obese. © People who smoke die of cancer in 14 percent of all cases. © The government is not interested in programs ta prevent obesity. ‘Cancer mortality is higher in obese women than in obese men, 9 30% of the peopie who smoke become obese after some years. _ (FChoo8e the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). A study is producing informetion associating obesity witha variety of cancers, Including breast colorectal, liver and pancreas. A study about obesity is producing a variety of cancers. 2 Obesity may be associated with some types of cancer. © Breasts, liver, pancreas, etc., affect obesity and cancer. A variety of cancers depend on information from a study. o itis necessary to expand the study about obesity and cancer. ‘ln the 1960s, researchers confirmed that eating fat causes cancer, 0 Fruits and vegetables reduced cancer in the 1980s, but not anymore, 0 Sedentary people had more cancer than active people, according to researchers. 9 Fruits and vegetable without fat can prevent the incidence of cancer. iz Revently, doctors are associating obesity with the occurence of cancer. {Ai Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 4 of the text? Obesity and unadequate diets are resposible for many cases of cancer.’ é Mouth, esophagus, lung and stomach eancor occur in 30-36% of all obese people ‘o Between 30 and 35% of cancers are cured by a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. ‘6 Obesity does not have a direct relationship with the occurence of cancers. 6 The ingestion of rults and vegetables prevents 30 to 38% of cancers, , WES ‘What is the main idea of the text? 9 The need to reduce the obesity of the population. © Ealing habits can cause cancer in al the population ‘olltis necessary to eat less fat to have a healthy ie. The high correlation between obesity and cancer. ‘Fruits and vegetables are essential to prevent obesity3.6 Texto #6 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. dh eqer2s 2 1- Hospital patients will be able to use cell from_now on. Health minister is informing health institutions patients use rails i they do not interfere with equipment, privacy or cause isturbahce: 2- The minister said the new polley recognized thal mobile phones | Ner9 fen, gopuiar and coud gve comfort to patents. “Comfort fom é eed oer are in hospital is essential. Mobile phones are £ common in fc ioe jays and people usually say that they ‘would like to use their phones in hospital, co.” 3- Department of Health stipulates that mobile phones should 28 oF used in clinical areas only if there are good reasons for i. The Government consulted with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency that Pts cea msiestons ns medi equipment are safe, They suggested that mobiles should be Kép! SE IGF areas wih delicate: medical equipment. The new policy can be implemented immediately, but it is @ decision of health institutions to choose how to proceed. Adpted tram a text by Randolph E.Sohimid ) The word “mobiles”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), is closest in meaning to © which of the alternatives? ‘© Notebooks | 0 Electronic equipment © oHeadphones # Cellphones | o Microphones {2 The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alterna- tives? 0 Patients. | o Health minister | o Health institutions Patients. Mobiles os in the text (paragraph 1), is closest in meat 3) The word “policy”, highlighte which of the alternatives? Procedure o Analysis Comprehension @ Separation o Perimetervy The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the alterna- tives? ‘© Mobile phones: A The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? ‘0 Government ‘@ Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency ‘© Medications ‘0 Medical equipment ‘© Mobiles, A) Which statement is true, according to the text? © The use of cellphones depends on the doctor's authorization. #Cellshones cannot be used near delicate medical equipment? ‘© Patients can use their celiphnes oniy in emergency situations. ‘© In case of surgery, a patient can use a cellpone after two days. ‘Cellphones can be used only in specific areas of the hospital. 7/7) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). The minister said the new policy recognized thet mablle phones were now popular and could give comfort to patients. ‘Comfort from loved ones when you are in hospital is essential” ‘0 Patients may use their cellphones to watch movies and send messages. ‘© Patients who cannot use cellphones need to be comforted by family and friends. © The minister is very popular and recognized that hospital patients are comfortable. Patients need the support of friends and family, and the cellpfiane may help them. (0 To love people and patients in hospitals is essential in the new policy of the minister. 7/2) hich statement is true, according tothe paragraph 3 ofthe text? stealth institutions can decide how to deal with the new policy. © Delicate medical equipment can help patients survive surgeries. © Cellphones can be used in clinical areas only if they are good The government did not want fo authorize cellphones in hospitals. © Patients who need delicate equipment have prionty to use celiphones3.7 Texto #7 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. 41+ Scientists know that memories are formed in the br hippocampus, but they are transferred probably to the neocortex. Transferring memories from one part of the brain to the other needs ‘changing the connections between neurons. 2- A research team and an associate professor of computation ‘and neural systems used high-tech techniques to listen to the the brains of rats, These techgiques helped them Jocate “a. ee persion np thathad coressey the kind of, anes ‘elationship the) wiate Iboking fSF | {These relationships between the Nopocarnpl and prefrontal gomtekingurohs were feta th ten ued th intact ectrigyes i nor what hepsi te brains of sleeping rats. During rapig-eye-movernent (REM) sleep, jhe previ8Y neuron eam. © atk ight eek tor bul ERAT homo se eon a ANE aad orn completely diseppeared duricg REM sleep. REM sleep is the phaso that the dreaming occurs, so the scientists speculate that this abSénce of memory-consolidation can help to explain why dreams can be so | difficult to remember Adapted tom ScienceDaily wh ‘The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1) refers to which ofthe altern- tives’ © Scientists Avemories Brain's @ Hippocampus Neccortex 2) The pronoun “them”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the alter- natives? g Research team and an associate professor © Computation and neural systems (© High-tech techniques * o Neurons in the brains of rats 0 These techniques The expression “no longer”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? 0 So short 0 Very near Not anymore ‘0 Extensive co Always hereYs ‘Which statement is true, according to the text? © High-tech researchers had their brains analysed while they were sleeping {© During a dreamless phase of sleep, the laboratory rats woke up constant. ‘0 With highstech rats, researchers analysed the sleepless phase of sleeping. 6 The relationship between rats and researchers was not good during the study. _p/fResearchers used special techniques to analyse the brains of sleeping rats. A Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? ‘In the brain hippocampus the neocortex contains all the implanted memories. ‘0. When memories are transfered from one part to the other, neurons change. 0 Scientists need to focus on areas that explain the connections between neurons. ‘9 When scientists remove the neocortex, memories are transfered from the brain. Aitis necessary to change the connectians between neurons to transfer memories. Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? -a7To find a number of neuron pairs, high-tech techniques were used (0 The synchronous relationship the researchers needed were not found. (9 The brains of the researchers were scanned using high-tech techniques. (0 To listen to the neurons in the brain of rats were used high-tech rats. ‘oAresearch team was looking for an associate professor of computation. Waa Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). REM sleep is the phase that ine dreaming ocours, so the scientists speculate that this absence ‘of mamory-consoliation can helo to explain why creams can be so difcut to remember. © The phase when the dreaming occurs is called REM sleep, but scientists stil speculate about it. (0 The absence of memory is dificult to remember, but the consolidation of the dreams explains it © People who do not have REM sleep have problems to remaber things and explain them. “Zilis difficult fo remember dreams because of the absence of memory consolidatian during REM sleep. ‘o Scientis have discovered all the mechnisms involved in the process of sleeping and dreaming.3.8 Texto #8 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. dercobenle, 1- Scientitc HEESYEY ang SWSRCement. Has our ves In two different ways: n atingicate new rational directions, and Technology and engineering research transforms scientific into acto. At the same tine, I SREH Yeas more research Into materials, equipment, and processes. 2. Togother, these actions result in safer, higher-quality foods: more | _ @ffcient and environmentally adequate agricultural practices; and better ; awe educated and more economically capable communities. This new | knowledge may apply to a wide variety of national problems, including sustajnabilty, safe and high-quality food, ecosystems, and rural economies. Before they can be solved, ea rew knowledge needs to be | formulated into possible provasses, products, devices, and technologies. This is the'fole-6f engineering | research—a tivity to scientific investigation. Situated |) 3 Tredional university programs in agricultural engineering Rat’ Siarlged into broad biological |) enginoering programs, often having close relations to chemical and electrical engineering and food crolnaednglachrolegy. Sofware ergheering anc chil engresting prootena Sette Tierssaslhany inks Fundamental reer programintotechnology and genomics re basec SSH on Instrumentation developed by biomedical or biological engineers. Cortribulions by engineering researen and technology development are the H@St widespread and relevant. A) The pronoun “it*, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alter: | tives? gfTechnology and engineering research ‘0 Scientific knowledge Action o Same time (0 More research g/2) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text {paragraph 2), refers to which of the alterna- “ tives? © 0 New knowledge © _gAwide variety of national problems ‘0 Safe and high-quality food o Ecosystems | 0 Rural economies /8) The word “widespread”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? o Expensive yPrevalent ‘Anatomic Analytic o Reversible new products and processes that improve our lives and eee a4) Which statement is true, according to the text? ‘0 Some communities do not need any technological development. _gScientiic discovery also helps in many national problems.” ‘0 The ecosystems in rural economics only use new technology. 0 Foods produced in areas with technology are more expensive. @. Governments prefer to invest in simple community agriculture. A Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? ‘9 Engineering research can substitute new knowledge for new products. (0 Scientific investigation is necessary for those who create new formulations. ‘0 Scientific Knowledge cannot be used to create simple products or devices, ‘pPossible processes, products, eto, must be created using new knowledge. (0 When new knowledge is formulated in engineering, it may be a problem. % Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). Traditional university progrems in agrcuturl enginaoring have changed into broader ‘iological enginaering programs, oftan having cose relaions to chemical and electrical engineering and food engineeringfechnology. ‘© Nowadays biological engineering programs have become chemical and electrical engineering ‘9 Some engineering courses are now becoming only ane course, which will be used for everything, ‘0 There are many options of engineering courses, and people have problems to choose the best (Recent courses are more integrated with different areas than traditional agricultural engineering. ‘0 Agricultural engineering is now more important than the other engineering courses available. vy What is the main idea of the text? ‘0 There is an inevitable inc-ease in the cost of living for people in technological societies. + f Technology and engineering research results in innovations that contribute to improve our lives. ‘¢ New knowledge is crucial in modern societies, but people should value their traditions. © The food industry cannot depend entirely on climate conditions to increase their productivity. © People in general do not realize the technological innovations that are announced every day.3.9 Texto #9 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. 3- Some people 1- Ingomniais thé fesing of not having SxBUBE'ReSp. This can be related to not bein, 1 ‘some factors that contribute 's_ ins ie i to a person's insomnia. Some of them are: stress, anxiety and other emotions, Whit ay Beats Ba 'y blay"a Bart’as, environmental factors such as noise or an uncomfortable bed, Jet lag,"SH Work, excess alcohol or too much caffeine can cause sleep deprivation. ssa ._ 2 Physical causes include asthma and indigestion, a8 wall a8 Some of the other sleap disorders. If a cause can be found then the problem may be __ 28sy to remedy ~ buying a new, comfortable bed for example. Developing 2 |) 5001 sleep regime BY Etna ba ato regular time, aust ie aaa oe? much caffeine and alcohol and having relaxing moments before bedtime, by taking a warm bath or listening to calm music for example, can help. nk of medications to promote sleep, which are available to buy at drugstores, but you must take care for them not to cause drowsiness in the daytime and interfere with activities such as driving or working with dangerous machinery. ‘Adapted from BBC ZA) The pronoun “them”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alter- natives? This 0 Sleep easily Some factors _ 0A person's insomnia 0 Stress, anxiety and other emotions Wo pronoun “them”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alter- natives? ‘© Some people Medications 0 Sleep © Drugstores 0 Take care (V3) The word “drowsiness”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), is closest In meaning to ” which of the alternatives? 60 © Comprehension © Opposition © Observation 2 Somnolence Implementationvs Which statement is true, according to the text? Sleeping medicines may be dangerous for people who need to drive, 0 Uncomfortable beds may increase people's consumption of alcohol © People may stay alert during the whole night because of sleeping medicines. © Dangerous machinery may be used for people with sleeping problems. ‘At drugstores people cen find the best solutions for sleeping problems. whey Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? Asthma and indigestion cause many other sleep disorders, ‘0 Late meals in bed and too much alcohol can cause indigestion. © Listening to calm music and drinking alcohol can help your sleep. ‘© Going to bed at regular times everyday can prevent late meals. Sometimes your bed may be the cause of sleeping problems. - Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1). Jet lag, shift work, excess alcohol or too much caffeine can cause sleep deprivation. ‘o Alcohol and caffeine may affect work and cause health problems. there are several factors that contribute to sleeping problems. © People who have uncomfortable beds usually drink too much alcohol. (0 Sleep deprivation affects environmental factors such as noise. 0 People who have insomnia cause several problems at work. ot; Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). Developing a good sleep regime by going (0 bed at a regular time, avoiding late meals, foo much caffeine and alcohol and having relaxing moments before bedtime, by taking ‘a warm bath or listening to calm music for example, can help. 9 Going to bed at a regular time reduces the effect of caffeine and alcohol. 2 When other people help you with a warm bath, you can sleep with calm music. 9 Caffeine and alcohol after meals and relaxing moments may affect your health 4 There are some simple actions that can help us have a good night's sleep. olf you do the right things, you will have a better heaith and may live longer. We What is the main idea of the text? 0 How alcohol and caffeine affect peaple's sleeping habits. 9 People should be very careful when they buy sleeping medication © Health problems may affect how a person sleeps during the night. The common causes of sleeping problems and some solutions. tis necessary to find new ways to deal with sleeping disorders.3.10 Texto #10 Before you read the text, use the skimming technique to determine its topic. ee Gan Se hetaidecle +P foods are responsible f6r"the ise in ‘dbesiiy levels and chrono tie ‘aroyng the globe, according to the World, Hi Organization. A racent fport encouraged people to cut thelr some foods that are often high in saturated fats, sugar and salt. 2 The team of international scientists said eating more fruit and vegetables and exercising more, were the vay to protect chronic disease. The scientists new for heaithy eating. These will be adopted by World Health Organization as part of its new global strategy to reduce heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and dental disease. 3- The scientists motivated people to eat a healthy balanced diet and to limit their intake of salt, sugar and saturated fats. They recommended thal chronic diseases are caused by overeating and by. much of the wrong types of food. They also blamed changing lifestyles with fewer fi vealy fogether {and more childign watching television or playing on computers more than being outside. Problems are particularly SEule atfioitg people living in cities who like to be exposed to “energy-dense” food and do less exercise. ‘Acie fam BC A The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), refers to which of the alterna- tives? 9 Processed foods 0 Obesity levels ‘Chronic disease © 0 Warld Health Org: © People 2) The pronoun “its”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the alterna- ives? + 0 Scientists © 0 New guidelines: i ‘o Healthy eating © 8 World Health Organization | i ‘oNew gicbal strategy | 2) The pronoun “their, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which ofthe alterna- i tives? | o Scientists People o Diet ; o Limit olntake 62ay The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? aw Scientists: ‘9 People Chronic diseases ‘0 Overeating ‘9 Wrong types of food (/s) The word “blamed”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? woriticized ‘oHelped 0 Offered Analysed Imposed te 6) Which statement is true, according to the text? People who play on computers usually spend more time outside Living in cities makes people have sleeping disorders all the time. ‘srEating a lot of the wrong types of foods causes chronic ciseases. ‘olf you change your lifestyle, problems will get particularly acute, 0 Chronic diseases cause overeating, according to scientists Yr Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). ‘Problems are particulary acute among people living in cies who like to be excosed to “energy-dense" food and do less exercise, 0 Energy-dense food usually makes people exercise less. Living in cities makes people exposed to better-quality food 0 Particular problems affect specially those who live in cities (The type of food people eat wil define the exercise they do. (éSedentary life and heavy foods contribute te many problems vs What is the main idea of the text? 0 The internet is disseminating wrong eating information. ‘0 People who use the computer a lot have eating problems. Modem eating habits are causing a series of heath problems. (There are many foods that people should never eat in cities (The scientific studies of the World Health Organization. ‘AAR ee ek BabbSS IV - Atividades de Leitura - Nivel 2 Assim como no capitulo anterior, este capitule contém textos com tematica similar @ dos textos do exame TEAP, apesar de menos extensos. A pari deste capitulo, no entanto, algumas eee exame TEAP sao inseridas. ee ~ A sequéncia das questes passa a seguir a ordem em que aparecem no texto, ou sela, uma questo que se refere ao paragrao 1 viré antes de uma que se refere ao paragrafo 2 e assim sucessivamente. ~ Os textos passam a contar com um glosséirio, que contempla algumas palavras mais complexas que Podem interferir na compreensao especifica ou global. Cada texto € seguido de questées similares aos tipos que ocorrem no exame TEAP, a fim de levar 0 leitor @ tirar 0 maximo proveito do texto para fins de ampliago da sua capacidade linguistica (estruturas’ gramaticais, vocabulério, etc.) e de aplicagao de estratégias efetivas para o aprimoramento da habilidade de leitura em inglés. Preparatério TEAP4.1 Texto #1 1- Kids naturally like to play ‘mbkecSoieve Studies revealed how imaginative playing may be used to prepare kids for school. In a number of studies, a team of researchers trained parents, teachers, and caregivers in make-believe games that included lessons about numbers, colors, Hees vocabulary, and reading. 2. These rs discovered that children who play with Si gone Ciel riacuiieahe He yitad sal ie Sil awhen,gorpared toa group whose caregivers di not == A icarn these play skills,/Playing Is also good for caregivers, because it involves them_as Complete oaftnefs in the development of children 3, ,signifcant percentage gf American children, especially children from poor families, epter P*URSERLRHOD unprepared to lear: ile high-qualty care rom parents apd other caregivers can iGsreO>™ children’s school readiness, engaging parents and children in Satly inte Avention techniques can be difficult. Imaginative playing is one type of care that is gratifying for both parent and child, is simple to teach and is. ‘effective in preparing children for school. 4- Researchers created and distributed a video program entitled “Learning Through Play for School Readiness”. This video program prepares parents and other caregivers to connect children from 3-5 years | old in motivating learning games that can, for example, SAhaiiee their vocabulary. ‘Adagled tom a txt by Singer, 0. G,& Singor JL. Glossary | Caregiver @ person who takes care ofa child Kindergarten: a pre-school for young chiiren ) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? ‘9 Parents leamed how to use videos to teach colors, shapes and vocabulary, pCaregivers, parents and teachers were trained to use games to teach kids, © Researchers who like to play games usually do the same with their kids. ‘© Kids who learn through make-believe games present better performance. ‘© Imaginative playing is common among caregivers, parents and teachers, }) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the alterna- tives? | o Numbers, colors, shapes, vocabulary, and reading "9 Researchers §) eChildren i oPlay 0 Caregivers A The word “readiness”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to _ which of the alternatives? o Activity © Implementat © Introspection © Movement 2Preparationtives? “them”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), refers to which of the alterna 0 Play skills, 9 Playing A Caregivers : © Partners, > , Arne Pronoun ) 9 Chi ildren Z a “vs Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). 3 These researchers discovered that children who play with thelr caregivers in these: f ‘imaginative ways make signticant gains in roadnessshils, when compared to @ | group whose caregivers did not lear these play skills, 9 Caregivers who did not learn how to play will need more attention. 9 Researchers are trying to discover new and imaginative games © Children need new skills if they want to become researchers one day. 9A group of caregivers need to play more and learn those play skills. SChildren develop some skills when their caregivers play with them, 1/8) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? © Children’s imagination increases when they play games alone. 9 Caregivers have difficulties to play games because they are not kids. o Researchers would like to know how playing affects caregivers. Playing is beneficial for the caregivers and for the children. 9 Ifa child does not have play skis, he/she may have problems soon Avthe pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), refers to which of the alterna- tives? 0 Video program 9 Parents and other caregivers Children 0 3-6 years old o Games Vs Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 4 of the text? “A \ideo program teaches parents how to play games with their kids. ‘5 Researchers usually prefer to play learning games with children. 3 When children play vocabulary games, they learn how to read. 0 The creation and distribution of the video depend on the parents. Parents and other caregivers need to play and relax mare often. 69 SPeeceratirio TEAP4.2 Texto #2 Jn the: ttle of bitin for car and ale Blau ethangl, new research concludes ~ but it wll not reduce the st 18qU88t for petroleum. Both ethanol biofuel, made from corn, and ‘biodiesel, made from soybbans, were recommended as alternative fuels that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, because they reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 2- But to make these fuels, a jot of petroleum is necessary = to make and operate farm machinery, to produce pesticides and ferilizers, and to process the into fuel. Some people have ciscussed that he emissions of greenhouse gases produced are. high that using biofuels flay naver raduce the greenhouse effect. 3- To test the viability of these two biofuels, David Timan, an ecologist at the University of Minnesota, Calculated the tetal environmental costs of their production, Timan and colleagues found out that when: all these costs are calculated, ethanol made from com certainly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but only by 12% when compared to gasoline. In contrast, biodiesel reduces emissions by 41% when compared to diese! fuel, especially because it does not need distillation to be processed inio fuel and because pesticides are used only when the soybeans are growing, which reduces the environmental impact, ‘Asoo tom Procescngs of he Natonal Academy of Sciences Glossar Test fo be petro beter By creomnouse: «glass srictore ued tr protect ae cutraton of plans. Harvest apicutura prosucten se Mn Which statement is true, according to the text? = | 0 thanol is a better fuel than biodiesel because it is cheaper. | oAreduction of 53% of emissions is possibie without petroleum, © Distillation is a very dangerous and expensive process nowadays. Both biodiesel and ethanol reduce greenhouse gas emissions. © o Scientists have discovered a new and revolutionary typ of fuel. comet yy The pronoun “it”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alterna- tives?” © 0 Battle | Biofuels | Biociser © o Ethanol © Research “A Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? © Farm machinery uses biofuel to save money from producers. ©The emissions that occur when petroleum is used can be cut. (9770 produce biofuel it s necessary to use a lot of petroleum 0 Pesticides and fertilizers are very expensive to produce. ‘0 The greenhouse effect cannot be reduced by the use of fertilizers.| 4) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 2). But to make these fuels, a lot of petroleum is necessary - to make and operate farm machinery, to produce pesticides and fertiizers, and te process the harvest into fuel. © Petroleum is necessary in many industrial activities in the cities. © Farm machinery should only be operated by specialized people. There are several processes in agriculture that use pretroleum. 0 To produce pesticides it is necessary to use farm machinery. 0 To become fuel, plants need a lot of pesticides and fertilizers. a 7 © 8) The pronoun “thei tives? 0 Viability These two biofuels 0 David Tilman © Ecologist 0 Total environment costs highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- 26) The expression “found out”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), Is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? o Used 0 Requested 0 Expelled o Distributed Discovered 7) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? A PBiodiesel is better for the environment than ethanol (Ethanol is much more expensive than biodiesel 0 Gasoline is better for the environment than diesel © Biodiesel pollutes the air 41% more than ethanol. © Ecologists want to use biodiesel in most cars, FB) What is the main idea of the text? 0 The progressive request for petroleum is a fact that most scientists have to focus from now on. # Different biofuels have different effects on greenhouse emmitions, but petroleum is still necessary. 0 The world produces today a great variely of biofuels, but some of them are not available for use. ‘It is important to make fertilizers and pesticides with biofuel because of a possible reduction of costs. ‘0 Soybeans produce the best biofuel possible, and it will son substitute petroleum and other biofuels. Preparatorio TEAP 714,3 Texto #3 {+ Ahuman touch heps men’s hears, according to research. The discovery g6Hi8s trom an analysis of data collected by Eric Loucks, 4 Hervara researcher MH carving dota fom 3987 men au women with an aileraté of 62 years of age. 2 The: tsoatchore analy ‘each peripant-on iy opel “social flaonshins’ —belng marie, the number of (asker and Good tends, nvolvertent in rolgousaetwles, and portcpatin iq groups. The researchers analyzed the possibility of inflammation in the blood of each patent. and Mi concludes that internation ihe Hood creases 9 peters fat ot Roar cioeans, hae sil Pecoeciod wih fe-esraloprent of toresceesis Ute waimecs 4 Ntactomtina wor sani averil stall loated mon tanh getally wel-conneciag en, "tay good forthe heart o be connected, Loucks Sys. "n gonera BERR Io bo good for heath io have goad frends ana family, and tobe connected to comrrunly foups or relgious orgenzalons, 4-Aecordng tothe researcher, inlarmmatry problems maybe elevated soll olted men foro reasons. Fs, because of highik behaviors, such smoking ens physical hac, Secona, becouse j sodaly Isolated people ae often depressed and ufer more sess, Increasing infammatory problems, Glossary ‘Average: an intermediary level or ogres | Ralstonship carnecton reion eraiorcomeorment ‘Adapted rom 2 tot by Danial DeNoan 4) Which statement is true, according to the text? (© Well-connecied men will never have atherosclerosis. © Inflamation in the blood does not affect women, just men, © Sccially isolated men usually do not go ta the doctor very often. Men who are isolatad tend to have more inflamatory problems. © When you have friends, they can cali an ambulance if you need it. 2) The word “data”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? arnformation 0 Sequency © Division ‘Calendar ‘© Cooperation ~~ ee Se eaneaadabhhraalaES LL AEST VST ST STCTVTeSTSCeeeeeeeeeee eee SSE Ei GRR erence a Vy ) The ie tives? PYOnCUN “who”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alterna: © Human touch 0 Men's hearts © Discovery © Analysis Eric Loucks yy Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). The occurrence of inflammations was signifeanty higher in sociallyisolated mon than in socially welk-connected men. “It may be good for the heart to be connected,” Loucks says. ° Socially isolated men do not have time to make friends and talk to their family, tA higher level of Socialization may reduce the occurence of inflamations. ~ 0 When the heart is Connected to the body, people have better health. © The level of inflamation affects ‘seriously the social relationships of men. 0 When people are isolated, medical services have problems to arrive in time. ia Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). ‘In general, it seems to be good for health to have good friends and family, and to be connected ‘0 community groups or religious organizations. ‘0 Friends and family should be part of your community groups. © Religious organizations promote connections to health services. ‘9 When you have social interactions, your friends are more connected 0 People should work less and have more contact with friends. #A lot of social interactions may bring benefits to your health. AG The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? © Groups Researchers 0 Possibility of inflamation 0 Blood 0 Participant ¢/1) What is the main idea of the text? @ Inflamatory problems are common nowadays. o Men have more friends when they are sick. o Heart disease can be cured by social interactions. g-Social interaction and friends are good for your health. ‘0 Smoking and physical inactivity are bad for your health. S-eparatério TEAP 73Parererain reins 1- Acchild may faks Tonger to learn to talk if he or sha spends a lotof time nege a loud TV or in 2 noisy: es ae noise’ ufless*Tie words are much louder than the noise, finds Psychologist Rochelle Newman. 2- Newman, from the University of Maryland, studied 100 infants at ages 5 months, 9 months, or 13 months, She tested how well 412 infants reacted to the sound of a woman speaking thelr name or ‘unfamiliar hames in the presence of background noise, The infants mara at listened to their names, but only when the background noise was: much softer than the sound ot iit ‘own names. por ada, 3 “The S-month-olds Suid separate the streams of conversation and focus on the sie" ‘thei if the background was at a level you could find in a romantic restaurant with off and intimate conversations,” Newman says, “But at that age the kids couldnt isolate the sound of the volce I the background noise Became (S0dee"" 4- The researcher concluded that,children who spend a lot of time in noisy places — homes with the TV, Ways on, or day care centers that ff ise levels stay high - may tak the Ghiset of speech," Newman says, “Turing off the TV or radio, at least part of the time, would be a 9004 place to stan. Not all homes and daycare centers are equally noisy, but al caregivers should provide Gite cc sce SEE vor rare anger cee re ee ‘Adaptod rom @ txt oy Danie DeNoon Glossary Load high volume; noisy Background nies: sound tht intrudes or intrtor: J Serer en erecerereing i if HN Which statement is true, according to the text? © Infants speak faster in homes where the TV is always on, « Daycare centers usually have a lot of nlse, and infants lke that. ‘infants may take longer to speak when they lve in noisy places, © Caregivers do not ike when the TV or radio are off part ofthe time ‘© When noise levels stay high, psychologist talk to caregivers, empamaa 2) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1). Infants con't dferentate spoken words rom background noise unles ‘are much louder than the noise, finds psychologist Rocholle N © Spoken words are important for young children, according to psychologists. © Children can understand noise only when its volume is louder than that of wo’ © Fora child, background noise and words are the same, with few differences. to When words are louder than the background noise, infants can understand them According to the psychology of infants, background noise affects compre’ longer gleam to talk. “This mbt elenger tg ke acaaeeeedbbetHa % 3) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? © When caragivers speak their names, children usually ignore them. 71 the background noise is not too loud, infants can listen to their names, * © Infants have problems listening to their names: when they are playing. © Concentration is affected by the way caregivers speak infants's names, © Unfamiliar names are not understood when the environment is noisy. : 4) The pronoun "them, highlight Inte text (paragraph 3) refers to which ofthe fates ive . (A &-month-olds © Streams of corveetion > onne oes > 9 Background > ad = = a / 8) The word “onset, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), Is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? ‘# Beginning ‘0 Distribution ‘o Interruption co lmpediment o Teaching U/6) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (pafagraph 4), refers to which of the alterna- tives? © Homes and daycare centers © Caregivers © Quiet time or a quiet comer infants © Language expentences (Ay which statement is true, according to the paragraph 4 of the text? 9 Loud television can help infants learn how to speak a language. infants need quiet environments when they are learning to speak O pobies need lots of information, ke TV, musi, and canversations § when 2 place is too quiet, infants take Ianger to learn a language. 8 Caregivers should speak to infants al the time to improve learning peeparat5rio TEAP4.5 Texto #5. ‘+I the near future exeting edvances in bivinterfacing will make it possible for several diseases to be treated electronically. Initially Parkinson's disease and epilepsy will be successtully treated. Bul the effects of multiple sclerosis, paralysis and motor neurone disease: wil also be much reduced as the individuals are capable to contol their environment and even drive their car, using only tleminds with implanted technology. >- All of these upgrades wil be based on @ direct link botween ‘a human and a machine brain, In this way the increasing power Of machine intellgence can'be used to provide an improvementin human Capabiities, we are not taking about intelligent machinos making important decisions. But the use of networked intaligant computers to control all the financial markets will present a'Worrying trend — it will not be clear who exactly is making the key decisions; a machine’ based on human criteria, or a machine based on purely machine erteria that was learned through market experience Segemurba/Sstimanhar # The miltary sector willwinass some ofthe most ramaticchanges. Fighter airplanes willbe completely computer controled, without any human intervention. Clearly, the computers that think and learn faster wil winthe wars. The big question i; willtere be space forhumian soldiers atthe frontline? By extending theit Senses through networked implants, they could be safe from danger while being virtually gonnected tothe batltront vie a brain-network connection. Final, it willbe interesting to witness the phasing‘ of the ‘ld sive printed passpor. When everyone has a Rago Frequency ID implant containing inawvidual data, i wil be dificult fo Imagine tow we lived without them. is incredible to think it was only a short time ago, in 1998, that the frst human tested out such an implant Ada om a test by Rov Worl Glossary Ervroent te tty of te natural wor Twines tose or hron by personal expenince C4) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alterna tives? 0 The effects of multiple sclerosis (Paralysis and motor neurone disease sindividuals ‘o Environment oMinds (/2) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? © Diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's willbe cured scon, ‘arPeople with certain diseases will use technology to do many things.° ‘Everybody will rive cars using electronic implants in their brains. ‘© Scientists with brain implants willing the cure for many diseases. ‘© Muliple sclerosis, paralysis, etc., will never occur in the future. DALAL IPP TET a4) The word “trend”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? 0 Obstacle © Conglomeration © Option © Investment g Tendency “ ‘4) Which statoment is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? © In case of very important decisions, artifical intelligence will not be used. ‘© Machines already make financial decisions today, especially in banks. © In the future people will use machines to decide what to do with thelr money. © Scientists are sure about the capacity of artificial intelligence to make good decisions. itis not clear how artificial intelligence will operate crucial financial decisions. CY Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). When everyone has a Radio Frequency IO implant containing individual data, ‘ewil be dificult to imagine how we lived without trem. x mplants with our personal information will be common things in the future. ‘0 When everybody knows their radio frequencies, wil be dificult to find them. 6 In our imagination we can live without technology, but itis not what will happen. © When our personal data is transmitted via racio, everyone will remove thelr implants 69 Technology will improve the emission and distribution of our paner documents. SESCCOCECCECECCCECS 6) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? ‘6 There will always be space for human soldiers. o Humans will cause wars, but not interfere with them. © Airplanes will exclusively be operated by computers, _-yo Those with the faster computers will win the wars, @ Brain network connections are becoming common now. £7) The pronoun “they”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? ‘0 Computers. Wars duman soldiers © Senses ‘9 Networked implants ystério TEAPAVA cha ¢ of the 20th century was the war Sains germs, and kids now lve in cleaner homes and have less infection than dheib grandparents. There's irony in this, according to the famous ‘glaze theory” It says that a childhood without gemms Sivas the immune system. This clean childhood will guide: fo allergies and to diseases, for example type 1 diabetes and mmuliple sclerosis 2) A new anicle offers poyertul support for this theory. Thee specialists vatlliiBd tn diff from the beds of 812 children fem. furl afeas of Austia, Germany, and Switzeriand. The dust Was cakelated for a besie component of dc, which scientists call endotoxin. The result: Kids who ha Mi Sa cos had! more ha fever, allrgic asthma, and allergic reactions. The kids with the driest Boks cee alergy and asthma and more energy and disposition That's no surprise, because past twas ree tned that chidren who grow up on farms have less al"gy and less asthma than kids who don 4g aaa ne pacteria excreted by cows and other farm animats are the most common source of endciost "Farm kde ve Ina nalual cation, and his sugges hat you have natural oonec eA it jagood and nablu, says Chariots Braun-Fehiinder. Hovever, Braun-Fanviander recommen ss 0a! toons nt panic when contact with dr, because ithelps our immune system.” n contrast. she odds MN Fee oniont because some bacteria have negatve effects.” Everytime the immune system Baha arm itlears ate more. Eventual the system discovers the best way o fight germs and Now fo pene rare reactone, Jean-trancols Bach, for Necker Hspital in Pars, says that parents should conta to protect thelr chiléren from infections, but he advises that overprotection — especially by unnecessary a ore teatments an eliminate safe bacevia that have a lott instruct the immune system. ‘Adapted toma txt by Kevin Wor Glossary See aa upto dean someting wha vacuum cleaner Del round Hay fevor an argc reaction 1 olen “ZA) Which statement is true, according to the text? Children should never be exposed to ary germs from farms or ces. othe incidence of asthma and alergy is higher in children who live in cities. @ Ghiigren who grow in farms have more incidence of alergies and asthma. § Bacteria excreted by cows can be very dangerous for alergic children. = Chidren who sleep on dit beds need medleation for their immune systems. 1/2) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 1), refers to which of the alterna tives? 020th century oGerms kids ‘0 Cleaner homes 0 Less infection SN me + ht aaaandd PER PPP rT TT aaaaaaea 4 A4a4aaa// 3) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 1 of the text? 2A clean house means better health for children, as they have no contact witn germs. © Abatter hygiene at home should be the main purpose of mothers and fathers. © Parents should expose their children to rore germs and diseases all the time, ‘A’People may get more diseases ifthey were nat exposed to germs In their childhood. ‘© Some children have better immune systems and are naturally resistant to infections. 9) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1). ‘A charactorstc ofthe 20th century was the wer egains! germs, and kids now live in 5 ‘leaner homes and have less infection than their grandparents. /Hygene improvements in the 20th century promotad better health for children. ‘The war against germs affected grandparents who had infectious diseases. In the 20th century children are more resistant because of their grandparents, © Children who lve in cleaner homes feel comfortable and do not have infections, © Grandparents who participated in the war against Germans now have cleaner homes. ) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? © Children who live in farms are more exposed to dit and have more health problems. © Kids immune to asthma and allergies have more energy to play with other kids © Kids in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland usually have more asthma and alergy. 9 Endotoxin does not affect children from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Children in cleaner beds had more health problems than those in dirtier beds, Z /6) Which statement Is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? ‘0 The researcher is studying naw forms to introduce ditt in homes. The immune system may be affected by the exposure to medicines, # Exposure to dit is important, but some bacteria can be dangerous.” © Children are cleaner and more protected today than during the war. (© The contact with germs in general can only bring benefits to kids. 7) The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- tives? oGerms oAlergic reactions a Jean-Frangois Bach gParents sochildren © 8) What is the main idea of the text? 0 People should rat have contact with germs in their chiidhood. «Exposure to some ditt in childhood may improve our immune system.“ ‘o New advances in medicine can protect chitdren against diseases. In some countries children are more resistent to asthe and allergies. 0 Germs can leern from our immune system and become more dangerous.era ee enisercassarten fans cea if’and cage tm tp. moming. boats. rong a themicls, are Een un Sa 17 US: streams” The ric Peat epebse tinea scenes octal ere pr tecig, were (ou Oy Ym eraional soon aid fea Got By conominants of Suet AREA Thame Sonar as cr dicate measure ard reatvaly now 1 pol Am monitoring, . Moe othe chemical concerrations are very, very ae lll cya Sno por lflon Sut mur ef many corer choral ie eT Bederon: says U.S. Geological Survey hydrologit Dana W.Kotrn, waSse Re study that ciscovered sovenormore mur in pao tre 139 sear. TH situation ig a WErseedse scenario because the samples were collected dewistiéam of sewage treatment plants THAW contaminants IHG BB ir sreas where the water was more pure. Tues rexe exronely avatecitals aft humeno, animals or pans fs rysiory. Thi iSgestnaee tothe Savate eponnent roles Ine Univer of Frida cootogist Loe J. GUE, aoa asroratne 0 tah and cinyasie resorts ee gesting ne compounds al be tino, Theta Chonicals dort bosccumuate, but @haj)are used al the te end al over the place" he says ASEBG, th ee ae so alon of gh palgte rab tex torrones, wich ofginated bith contro pls ond Hae percoy an nigh gh ta ame tod after some aquate organisms, expan Kopin a heotiagvan Meee es ove) Wibved Wa eerie of new Wii ‘coca wiabHen Conti especially from farms end hospitals, can le8d'to some bacteria resistant to thelt effects. Kopin end his associates acknowledge that they underestimate antibiotic occurrence because they measured Foe: ei wales andbiofe tnd to acxmlaton Highand oer sedments. The seen : hope to do a national sediment survey in the future i i ‘ i ‘Adaoied ram Stier Amer Glossary Stream: small ver Survey napection: examination Sewage: uid and sod wasle (domestic and indus) by Which statement is true, according to the text? ‘Very small concentrations of chemicals will never cause problems. 0 Seven or more mixtures of chemicals were found in ell 139 streams. One part per billion is the limit after that there is contamination. |) 2 The presence of different chemicals in streams is frequent. | ‘oHidrolegists are studying the companies that produce chemicals. ‘Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 1). These contaminants are dificult fo measure and relatively new to pollution monitoring, * 0 New pollution monitoring is afected by contaminants. Its necessary to monitor the pollution in our society. (0 The measure of contaminants is relatively new. is not easy to quantify these new contaminants. ‘@ Nowadays the new contaminants are affecting people. 80 d2eaeg eet aaaestaaas dbl Bihhbh hte eed ay @3) The word “concern”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? sinfuence 0 Coherence © Cooperation o Aversion — v0 Wor ) prouposan ) » A) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 2 of the text? All concentrations of chemicals can be removed at the treatment plants. All of the 139 streams were contaminated and neaded treatment. .g'Some chemicals were found in the water ater the sewage reaiment. 9 Sewage treatment plants are the only solution to treat potable water. 0 The samples were collected in rivers that have no sewage treatment. 5) The pronoun “they”, highlighted inthe text (paragraph 3), refers to which of the alterna- ives © Generations af fsh © Water residents © Compounds Chemicals © Bicaccumulate 6) Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the sentence below (paragraph 3). Whether these extremely small-cocktals effect humans, animals or plants is stil a mystery © Humans, animals or plants appear in very small numbers tis not clear if these products can affect living creatures.- ‘9 Maybe these small-cocktalls will not be so misteraus soon © The effect of animals and plants on humans is stil a mystery. (0 We do not know the effect of these mysterious cocktails. 7) Which statement is true, according to the paragraph 3 of the text? ‘0 Some aquatic organisms may cause a toxic effect on humans. ‘g-Human hormones found in the waler may affect aquate organisms. ‘0 According to zoologists, humans are a great risk for aquatic animals. (0 The hormones in the water come from the cocktails that people drink, ‘0 Generations of fish are being affected by global warming and hormones, ott EE PE \ ws>% preparaterio TEAP 81 it ee | A eeetives? Antibiotics ‘0 Contamination 0 Farms and hospitals 0. Some bacteria o Effects 7 Y/ ®)yThe word “acknowledge”, highlighted in the text (paragraph 4), is closest in meaning which of the alternatives? ofacmit oAnalyze o Refuse o Insist o Emphasize > Aryctizan 4 AO) What is the main idea of the text? @ Aquatic life in streams and rivers are being affected by sewage | treatment plants. © Nowadays there are too many products containing paracetarnol, triclosan and cafeine. The chemicals used in many common praducts are not adequate for continuous use. © Pollution is the main problem in our Society, and governments should be more responsible, gn the USA, streams are being contaminated by chemicals from foods and medicines.Extra Activity: Identify the main word in the noun groups below, extracted from the text. EXAMPLE: The first nati first © national ostream X survey ional stream survey. *) contaminants of emerging concer’ Ladle Zeortaminants emerging °concem 5) concentration of high-potency female sex hormones: 0 concentration o high-potency o female osex i = hormones 2) mixtures of many different chemicals. — 6) toxic efects in some aquatic organisms ptoxio 2 chemicals Lab effects ‘osome aquatic 3) seven or more mixtures in half of the 139 streams ‘~~ 0 organisms bseven Sreihires 7)a national sediment survay in the future > : ‘onational osediment geurvey o futureTEAP TEXT asa Ayn neyo omtig me ede ‘This feeling can be normal and sometimes even If you're starting a rw ba akan Apne you more a nda rate But sometimes anxiety can’ linger or become overwhelming. When it gets in the way of good health and peace of mind, it's celled an anxiety disorder. Treatment oranxet csorders usualy includes both medication ang cognitive, behavioral therapy (CBT), It helps people change bath the LG BiLGHSS that suppor their Saleid the way they react to ane provoking teats 2-Apsycroloistatthe Universiy of Calfonia, San Diego works im arsioce youth in underserved, rural areas. Her team is Stugying wave. make CBT more accessible 10 these chicdren, who may have WOON Selling 6 therapy sessions, To help make up forthe laek of n-p8FSoF Contac, the researchers are examining leprons and cettrn SHERLGERE thee focus on teaching parents how to use CBT skills with their children, The scientists are comparing CBT training S8WV8HEd to parents by phone versus in-person CBT prBvided to anxious yeuirand their parents. wit tnerepists help, parents anc kis create lst anciety-orecusing stato. They learn oy {oa areualy ynig using OST dit Skis. Bom methocs encourage parents Sed bake for Kids, and to‘ét kids lear how to be independent. ices antg, pasted | 3 Researchers are also using advanced imaging (Ae tS Binodit Hs Sreas In the brain that {Aifehla™** anxiety disorders. Using an imaging technique called functional MRI (MRI), scientists are scanning the brain in actions thine, remember, fosis emotion and regulates the Locys reactions t inne thet <2ise ams By messy changes lot few elated totam actly IRI sare predic car images of WBUBIEpSI5"hn real time. A researcher ofthe Universty of Celforia-Bexkecy uses Ml to Study pople thigh ri for anxiety corre. Scientists are especaly curous about bran regions cles the amygdala and the hippocampus. Once scientists discover if and how these areas contribute to ilinesés~ | they might be abe to develop better treatments suigedor 4 Amaiety disorders, ae. gne. of tie most common reasons that people vist their primary health Gata | BIRR you are Feusladby anxtty the fst person to seo ste family doctor or nurse Beaciharer Trey can check for any SH4erlying physical illness or a related condition. You may be referred to @ mental health specialist, who might help to identify the specific type of anxiety disorder and the appropriate treatment. With proper care, most people with anxiety disorders can lead normal, fulfiling lives. odlagqaty hashed ‘Overwhelming: immense; uncontrollable Underserved: Insufficient servces To cope: ahggh Yo ded ih Fuling: sting Preparatétio TEAP me 89 Mal 20 a) ee ay TYV TTT/ / QUESTION 1 Which statement is true, according to the text? If anxiety becomes a problem, you should contact your dactor or other heaith professionals. | © According to research, anxiety disorders are tne most common cause of suicide in eles. ‘© A mental health specialist will analyze your case and decide if you go to a mental hospital. © Some physical llinesses or related conditions are caused by specific types of anxiety disorders. © To live anormal lfe, health professionals need to avoid any involvement with their patients. - yAUEsTn 2 Anxiety is an uneasy feeling that something may harm you or a loved one. This feeling can be normal and sometimes even helpful. If you're starting a new job or taking a test, it might make you more alert and ready for action. But sometimes anxiety can linger or become overwhelming. When it gets in the way of ‘g00d health and peace of mind, it's called an anxiety disorder, Treatment for anxiety disorders usually includes both medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It helps people change both the thinking patterns that support their fears and the way they react to aniety-provoking situations, The word “linger”, highlighted in the text, is closestin meaning to which of the alternatives? oGoaway 7 xc awboa AStay 0 Move 0 Fragmentate o Divide ‘QUESTION 3 1- Anxiety is an uneasy feeling that something may harm you or a loved one. This feeling can be normal ‘and sometimes even helplul. if you're starting anew job or taking a test, it mignt make you more alert and. ready for action. But sometimes anxiely can linger or become overwhelming. When it gets in the way of ‘good health and peace of mind, it’s called an anxiety disorder. Treatment for anxiaty disorders usually includes both medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). I helps people change both the thinking patterns that support their fears and the way they react to anxiety-provoking situations. The pronoun “it”, highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives? 9 New job. oAtest Action ramiety ‘0 Overwhelmingae 4 ‘1 Anxiety is an uneasy feeling that something may narm you or a loved one. This feeling can be normal and sometimes even helpful. If you're starting a new job or taking a test, it might and ready for action. But sometimes anxiety can linger or become overwhelming. Wi ‘of good health and peace of mind its called an anxiety disorder. Treatment for anxily cisorders usualy includes beth medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CB). Ithelps people change both the thing Patterns that support thelr fears and the way they react to ariety-provoking situations make you more alert hen it gets in the way The pronoun “their”, highlighted in the text, refers to which of the alternatives? Anxiety disorders ‘9 Medication and cognitive behavioral therapy People: ‘© Thinking patterns. o Fears Be era 5 2. A psychologist at the University of California, San Diego, works with anxious youth in underserved, rural areas. Her team Is studying ways to make CBT more accessible to these children, whe may have trouble getting to therapy sessions. Tallhelp make Up forthe lack of in-person contact, the researchers are examining telephone and self-help approaches that focus on teaching parents how to use CBT skis ‘with theinichildfen, The scientists are comparing CBT ‘raining delivered to parents by phone versus in- person CBT provided to anxious youth and their parents. With a therapist's help, parents and kids create lists of anxiety-producing situations. They learn how to face their fears gradually while using CBT coping skills, Both methods encourage parents to model brave behaviors for kids, and to let kids learn how to be independent Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence. © When parents are not present, children use CBT skills with the researchers. ‘o Researchers use the telephone to call parents and ask about thelr skills o itis better to use CBT skills with children without in-person contact s#Altemative approaches are used where personal contact is not possible, © Its important to observe the approach of parents when teaching their children, AAA A rs rs a A a ry rs I a LJ | « a .!/ question 6 - A psychologist at the University of California, San Di it 5 ‘ego, works with anxious youth in underserved, trouble eat {2am 8 studying ways to make CBT more accessise to these cniden, who may Nave are examining toler ny sessions. To help make up for the lack of in-person contact, the researchers wwith thelr ctyueel@Phone and self-help approaches that focus on teaching parents how to use CBT skills eit children. The scientists are comparing CBT training delivered to parents by phone versus in- Rersan CBT provided to anxious youth and their parents, With a therapist's help, parents and kids oreate sts of anxiety-producing situations. They lean how to face their fears gradually while using CBT coping kil. Both methods encourage parents to modal brave behaviors for kids, and to let kids leam how to be independent. Which statement is true, according to this part of the text? © Parents and kids must leam how to be independent and have more courage © In tural areas, children do not have anxiety, but their parents sometimes do. © The help of therapists is crucial when people cannot work because of anxiely. > © Therapy sessions in rural areas have atlracied many people who need to relax.’ With the assistance of therapists, CBT skills help people deal with their fears. ae iF 3- Researchers are also using advanced imaging tools to pinpoint the areas in the brain that underlie anxiety disorders. Using an imaging technique called functional MRI (MRI), scientists are scanning the brain in action—as it thinks, remembers, feels emotion and regulates the body's reactions to things that cause anxiety. By measuring changes in blood flow related to brain activity, IMRI scans produce full-color images of trouble spots in real time. A researcher of the University of California-Berkeley uses MRI to study people at high risk for anxiety disorders, Scientists are especially curious about brain regions called the amygdala and the hippocampus. Once scientists discover if and how these areas contribute to illness, they might be able to develop better treatments. The word “pinpoint”, highlighted in the text, is closest in meaning to which of the alternatives? oTreat o/dentify 9 Cover ‘0 Expand 0 Separateuit 8 3 Researchers are also using advanced imaging tcols to pinpoint the areas soe al Une Ce grtiney Argh sscutncie orem tee brain in action—as it thinks, remembers, feels emotion and regulates the body's reactions to thinge that cause anxiety. By measuring changes in blood flow related to brain activity, MRI scans produce erccelor images of trouble spois in real ime. A researcher of the University of Callfomia-Berkeley uses {MRI to study people at high risk for anxiety disorders. Scientists are especialy curious about brain regions called the amygdala and the hippocampus. Once scientists discover if and how these areas contribute to illness, they might be able to develop better treatments. i Which statement is true, according to this part of the text? 0 Using fMRI, scientists from the University of California developed better treatments for anxiety. 0 The amygdala and the hippocampus were discovered by scientists in cases of anxiety disorders ‘0 When people think, remember, feel emotions, etc., these reactions cause anxiety disorders. There are so many possible causes of anxiety that scientists have problems analyzing all of them, _ArSciantists want to find out how certain areas of the brain may contribute to anxiety disorders. QUESTION 9 4- Anxiety disorders are one of the most common reasons that people visit their primary health care provider.” Ifyou are troubled by anxiety, the frst person to soeis the family doctor or nurse practitioner. They can check for any undertying physical liness or a related condition. You may be referred to a mental health Specialist; wh@imight help to identity the specific type of anxiely disorder and the appropriate treatment. With proper care, most people with anxiety disorders can lead normal, fufiling lives. Choose the alternative that is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence. 0 Some mental cisorders may affect all kinds of people without appropriate treatment. ‘0 The identification of the characteristics of the anxiety disorder depends on the treatment. ‘0 People with anxiety disorders who do not talk to specialists may need special treatments, —+ 0 To identify the disorder and its treatment is the objective of mental health specialists. a Appropriate health treatments my help identify the ‘specific type of anxiety disorder. EA auerian 410 What is the main idea of the text? 0 Healthcare professionals need to be well trained to deal with severe anxiety disorders. 9 New technology has been used to oure anxiety disorders in both adults and children {g/CBT and advanced imaging tools can be used to understand and treat anxiely disorders, * ‘o Anxiety is the most serious problem of most societies, and governments must act more. ‘0 Psychologists try to understand how the amygdala and the hippocampus affect anxietyCapitulo VI Modelo de Exame Le ad L. = le as 2 i.» Ls 2 2 cm. ) ed to the world in the = Jane AustenTEAP Complete Exam - Text 1 \- Today's elementary schoo! students wil be completing college in about 10 Years. Their careers wil ake them deep into the second half ofthe 2vst century ‘The economy they enter will rly even more on knowiedge and technology than Ours does today. Digital technology will play an important pat in ensuring they are ready. Teachers can connect with one another virtually, not just to share lesson plans but also to mentor and share strategies for effecive teaching through online collaboration. Meanwhile, developers are creating mobile leaming apps thet are useful almost everywhere, Many popular educational pS are co-designed by teachers and software developers. Technology is also meking it possible to blend online and face-to-face learning, which enables teachers to group students flexibly and offers educators rich data on students’ progress. 2. The pace at which students are adopting new technologies is extraordinary. A third of the nation's high school students pursue oniine courses, and millions of people are enrolled in Web-based college classes. The vital human connection between educator and learner will always be the crucial spark in education. Technology, however, can enhance that spark by helsing teachers to use their time and talents more effectively and to personalize the learning experiance to the needs and intorests of individual students 3- Among the mest important directions fer technology 's supporting the efforts of teachers to tailor learning tothe needs of each student, Personalizing learning isthe idea that the pace, approach and context of the learning experience should be tailored to the needs and intarests of ipdividvals. Its easy (and common) Jol 8 teacher to adapt a lesson to the needs of each child” but hard t8 Jo'K. Technology can help. By lending face-to-face and online learning, teachers can enable students to work at their own pace, be flexible in grouping students according to abilly, and get a dynamic stream of information about where students are doing well and where they are having dffeultes. 4- The USA Department of Education is taking active steps to suppor states and school systems that are working to become models for personalized learning. Other federal initiatives aim to bring technological innovation to testing. Over the next fow years students will sae tha tests they take at the end of the year move online, if they have not already, and the tests wit, frankly, get beter. tis vitally important to assess students’ leaming every year. Without that feedback, schools can fail to identfy and help the ‘most vulnerable students. One consortium is developing an adaptive test—meaning that the diffculy of questions wil change during the course of the exam, based cn student answers, Ths type of assessment hhas the potential to allow for a more precise understanding of student skills Glossary Rely: depend Blend: mix ace: speed or rhythm of movement ‘Spark: inspiration; vitality Enhance: improve Preparatério TEAP