NAME: PEŇA, CLAIRE LOUISE C.

PHARMACOLOGY
BSN 2YA-4

I. CNS STIMULANTS
1. Amphetamine

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on the Nursing
Dosage of the Drug Contraindications Drug client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Adderall tablet Adderall contains Indications: Common side effects: Helps the client to  Look for allergic
5mg/1 tab amphetamine and  Treatment for  Lack of appetite increase the ability to reactions
Tab AC breakfast P.O dextoamphetamine. Attention Deficit  Dry mouth pay attention and  Determine
P 4hrs P.O Adderall causes the Hyperactivity  Trouble of control behavior medical history:
BID body to release Disorder sleeping problems. blood circulation
increased  Treatment for  Headache problems, certain
norepinephrine and Narcolepsy  Stomach pain Helps client to stay mental/mood
other neurotransmitters.  Constipation awake during the day. conditions, family
Increased amount of Contraindications: and client’s
 Nausea
these neurotransmitters  Advanced history of heart
 Weight loss
in the brain can result arteriosclerosis problem, history
in more focus and  Anxiety
 Symptomatic of stroke,
attention.  Dizziness
cardiovascular hypertension,
Amphetamines are disease hyperthyroidism,
sympathomimetic Serious Side Effects:
 Moderate to severe seizures
amines that stimulate  Heart problems
hypertension  Assess pain
the central nervous including high
 Hyperthyroidism  Monitor vital
system. Amphetamines blood pressure,
 Hypersensitivity or signs
stimulate rapid heartbeat,
idiosyncrasy to the heart attack and
norepinephrine and
sympathomimetic stroke
dopamine release in the
amines  Depression
CNS, increasing their
levels in the  Glaucoma  Hallucinations
extraneuronal space.  Agitated states  Impaired or
Amphetamines  History of drug delusional
decreases fatigue, abuse thinking
increases alertness, and  Agitated or
causes mild euphoria. aggressive
Outside the CNS, behavior
amphetamines increase  Irritability
blood pressure and  Blurred vision
stimulate heart rate and  Severe allergic
respiration. reaction
 Muscle
breakdown called
Rhabdomyolysis
 2. Anorexiants: Adipex – P ( Brand name )

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on the Nursing
Dosage of the Drug Contraindications Drug client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Phentermine Typical actions of Indications: Common side effects: To stimulate the  Assess for
hydrochloride amphetamines include  Adipex-P is adjunct  Overstimulation central nervous system tolerance to the
37.5 mg / 1 tab central nervous system in a regimen of  Restlessness to increase the heart anorectic effect of
Tab AC breakfast P.O stimulation and weight reduction  Dizziness rate and blood the drug. Withhold
OD elevation of blood based on exercise,  Insomnia pressure and to drug and report to
pressure. behavioral  Euphoria decrease the client’s the physician
Tachyphylaxis and modification and  Dysphoria appetite. when this occurs.
tolerance have been caloric restriction in  Laboratory tests:
 Tremor
demonstrated with all the management of Periodic CBC with
 Headache
drugs of this class in exogenous obesity differential and
which these phenomena  Psychosis
for patients with an blood glucose.
have been looked for. initial body mass  Dryness of the
 Monitor periodic
index ≥30 kg/m2 mouth
cardiovascular
 Unpleasant taste
status, including
Contraindications:  Diarrhea BP, exercise
 History of  Constipation tolerance and
cardiovascular  Urticaria peripheral edema
disease  Impotence;  Monitor weight at
 Heart failure changes in libido least 3 times a
 Moderate to severe  Primary week.
hypertension pulmonary Assess for pain:
 Pregnant woman hypertension  Headache
 Breastfeeding  Valvular heart  Constipation
mothers disease  Dizziness
 Hyperthyroidism  Effect on the
ability to engage Precautions:
 Hypersensitivity or in potentially  Use in patients
idiosyncrasy to the hazardous tasks with hypertension
sympathomimetic  Withdrawal  Valvular heart
amines effects following disease
 Glaucoma prolonged high  Risk of abuse and
 Agitated states dosage dependence
 History of drug administration  Usage with
abuse alcohol
 Use in patients on
Insulin or Oral
Hypoglycemic
medications on
Diabetes Mellitus.
 3. Analeptics

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on the Nursing
Dosage of the Drug Contraindications Drug client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Ephedrine Sulfate Ephedrine sulfate is a Indications: Common side effects: To activate the  Monitor for
50mg/ml / 1ml per vial potent  For the treatment of  Chest pain and adrenergic receptors and hypersensitivity
SC, IM sympathomimetic both allergic disorders, irregular increase the heart rate reactions
PRN α and β receptors and such as bronchial heartbeats and blood pressure that
has clinical uses related asthma. The drug  Nervousness causes bronchodilation.
to both actions. Its has long been used a  Anxiety
peripheral actions, pressor agent,  Dizziness
which it owes in part to particularly during  Vertigo
the release of spinal anesthesia  Headache
norepinephrine, when hypotension  Nausea
stimulate responses that frequently occurs. In
 Loss of appetite
are obtained when Stokes-Adams
adrenergic nerves are  Trouble sleeping
syndrome with
stimulated. These complete heart  Fast heart rate
include an increase in block, ephedrine has  Pounding
blood pressure, a value similar to heartbeats
stimulation of heart that of epinephrine.  Sweating
muscle, constriction of It is indicated as a  Vomiting
arterioles, relaxation of central nervous  Weight loss
the smooth muscles of system stimulant in  Difficult or
the bronchi and narcolepsy and painful urination
gastrointestinal tract, depressive states. It
and dilation of the is also used in
pupils. In the bladder, myasthenia gravis.
relaxation of the
detrusor muscle is not
prominent, but the tone Contraindications:
of the trigone and  Hypersensitivity
vesicle sphincter is  Narrow-angle
increased. glaucoma
 Pregnancy
(Category C)
 Lactation
 II. CNS DEPRESSANTS
1. Sedative-Hypnotics ( Anxiolytics)

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action of Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on the Nursing
Dosage the Drug Contraindications Drug client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Midazolam Midazolam is a short- Indications: Common side effects: Calming the brain and  Monitor and
5 mg / ml acting benzodiazepine  IM for preoperative  Decreased the nerves. To cause record the
IM central nervous system sedation/anxiolytics/ respiratory rate drowsiness, decrease patient’s
PRN (CNS) depressant. amnesia  Apnea anxiety and decrease reaction to
The effects of midazolam  Drowsiness the memory of the medication and
on the CNS are dependent  Nausea surgery. level of sedation
on the dose administered, Contraindications:  Vomiting  Monitor for
the route of  Hypersensitivity  Pain at injection hypersensitivity
administration, and the  Acute narrow-angle site reactions
presence or absence of glaucoma  Monitor BP and
 Headache
other medications. Onset oxygen
 Delirium
time of sedative effects saturation
after IM administration in  Euphoria
 Continuous
adults is 15 minutes, with cardiovascular
peak sedation occurring 30 monitoring.
to 60 minutes following
injection.
 2. Analgesics

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action of Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on Nursing
Dosage the Drug Contraindications Drug the client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Paracetamol Paracetamol exhibits Indications: Rare side effects: To relieve pain and  Make sure the
0.1-4g / 1 tab analgesic action by Treatment for :  Rash or swelling reduce high proper dosage is
Tab AC or PC PO peripheral blockage of  Migraine  Flushing temperature. given.
Q4 hrs pain impulse generation. It  Toothache  Minor stomach and  Monitor the
produces antipyresis by  Neuralgia intestinal temperature of the
inhibiting the  Cold disturbances patient, if fever
hypothalamic heat-  Influenza  Low blood pressure retain after 4
regulating center. Its weak  Sore Throat  Fast heart rate hours, administer
anti-inflammatory activity another tablet.
 Backache
is related to inhibition of
 Rheumatic pain
prostaglandin synthesis in
the CNS.  Dysmenorrhea

Contraindications:
 Hypersensitivity
 Severe hepatic
Impairment or active
liver disease (IV)
 3. Anticonvulsants

Drug Study
Drug Order
(Generic name, Pharmacologic action of Indications and Adverse effects of the Desired action on Nursing
Dosage the Drug Contraindications Drug the client responsibilities/
Route, Precautions
Frequency)

Phenobarbital Inhibits conduction in the Indications: Adverse effects: To produce  Monitor daytime
50-100 mg/ 1 tab ascending RAS: depress  Sedation  Somnolence excitation, sedation, drowsiness and
Tab PC PO the cerebral cortex; alters  Short-term  Agitation hypnosis, anesthesia “hangover”
TID cerebellar function; treatment to  Confusion and deep coma. symptoms
depress motor output; can insomnia  Hyperkinesia  Be alert for
produce excitation,  Long-term  Ataxia depression,
sedation, hypnosis, treatment of tonic-  Vertigo delirium,
anesthesia, and deep clonic seizures and excitation or other
 CNS depression
coma; and has cortical focal alterations to the
 Hallucinations
anticonvulsant activity. seizures behavior or mood
 Bradycardia
 Emergency control of the patient.
 Hypotension
of certain acute
 Syncope
convulsive episodes
 Nausea
 Preanesthetic
 Vomiting
Contraindications:  Constipation
 Phenobarbital  Diarrhea
sensitivity  Hypoventilation
 Latent porphyria  Apnea
 Withdrawal
syndrome
 Rash
 Stevens-Johnson
syndrome