Lewis (1990) two keys SOCRATES: AN UNEXAMINED
UTS components of the development LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING
REVIEWER of individual self- concept
- each one of us should be
1. The existential self- the conscious of what is good to
CHERRY PASAQUIAN realization that you exists be able to have a good life.
as separate to others. Don’t let ignorance overcome
2. The categorical self- you you. If you don’t know such
LESSON 1: SELF CONCEPT exist as an individual thing, never hesitate to ask for
Self-concept is the image we have object in the world , with the help of others for you to
of ourselves. It is influenced by distinct properties, e.g learn something new.
many forces including our your age, hair color, and
PLATO: THE SELF IS AN
interaction with important people gender.
IMMORTAL SOUL
in our lives. It is how we perceive Incongruence and congruence
our behavior, abilities, and unique Plato’s philosophy of the self
characteristics. Incongruence- If there is a can be explained as a process
mismatch between how you of self-knowledge and
3 components of Self Concept: see yourself (your self-image) purification of the soul.
embodies the answer to the and who you wish you were
question “Who am I?” The self consists of three
(your ideal self), your self-
parts: reason, spirit, or
1. Ideal self- the ideal self is concept is incongruent.
passion and physical appetite.
the person you want to be Congruence- unconditional
2. Self-image- it refers to Reason- divine essence; to
love; no need to distort their
how you see yourself at think deeply, make a wise
memories in order to believe
this moment in time. choices, and achieve a true
that other people will love and
3. Self-esteem- how much understanding of eternal
accept them as they are.
you like, accept, and truths.
either value yourself. LESSON 2: PHILOSOPHICAL
Spirit or passion- basic
PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF
Popular psychology definition of emotion; love, anger,
self-concept that was provided by The etymological definition of ambition, aggressiveness, and
Baumeister (1999). “The philosophy is love of wisdom. empathy.
individual’s belief about himself or
• Philosophy employs the Physical appetite- biological
herself including the person’s
inquisitive mind to discover needs; hunger, thirst, sexual
attributes and who and what the
the ultimate causes, reasons, desire.
self is”.
and principles of everything.
ARISTOTLE: THE SOUL IS THE
Rogers' Three Parts of Self-
The philosophical framework ESSENCE OF THE SELF
Concept
for understanding the self
Humanist psychologist Carl - He defined man as a rational
was first introduced by
Rogers believed that self-concept animal for we have free will
ancient Greek philosophers
is made up of three different and intellect.
Socrates and Plato.
parts:
ST. AUGUSTINE: THE SELF HAS
Socrates suggests to “know
Ideal self: The ideal self is the AN IMMORTAL SOUL
thyself.”
person you want to be. This
- A soul can’t live in this world
person has the attributes or NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
without a body for it is
qualities you are either working
1. Socrates considered as a unity of body
toward or want to possess. It's
and self.
who you envision yourself to be if 2. Plato
you were exactly as you wanted. RENE DESCARTES: I THINK
3. Aristotle
THEREFORE I AM
Self-image: it refers to how you
4. St. Augustine
see yourself at this moment in - Man is a thinking man that
time. Attributes like physical 5. Rene Descartes has an entity to doubt,
characteristics, personality traits, understand, analyze, question,
and social roles all play a role in 6. John Locke and the most important thing
your self-image. 7. David Hume is to reason out that can exist
independently in the physical
Self-esteem: How much you like, 8. Immanuel Kant body. This Latin phrase Corgito
accept, and value yourself all
9. Sigmund Freud ergo sum is the concept of self
contribute to your self-concept.
by Descartes.
Self-esteem can be affected e.g 10. Gilbert Ryle
including how others see you, how JOHN LOCKE: THE SELF IS
you think you compare to others, 11. Paul Churchland CONSCIOUSNESS
and your role in society.
our human mind is a Tabula Rasa MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY: THE
or also known as a mind self at SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY
birth is a blank state.
all the knowledge of every
DAVID HUME: THERE IS NO SELF individual comes from the inner
world of subjective phenomena of
Man is a bundle of all sensation
experience that people are aware
and perception.
in everything within its
IMMANUEL KANT: WE consciousness.
CONSTRUCT THE SELF
the self that is constructing and
organizing principles of
experiences which creates a world
that is familiar, predictable and
significantly be called as mine.
SIGMUND FREUD: THE SELF IS
MULTILAYERED
Self has consists of three layers
which are conscious, unconscious,
and preconscious which are
considered as far reaching impact
for we have so many questions in
life that leads us to curiosity and
to find for an answer.
Conscious self- is governed by the
reality principle and is organized in
ways that are rational, practical,
and appropriate. (Thoughts and
Perception).
Unconscious- contains the basic
instinctual drives that would be
considered socially taboo and is
governed by the pleasure
principle. Much of the self is
determined by the unconscious.
(Memories and Stored
Knowledge).
Preconscious- is located between
the conscious and unconscious
part of the self that is not
threatening and is easily brought
to mind. (Fear, Violent motives,
Unacceptable Sexual Desires,
Immortal urges, etc.)
GILBERT RYLE: THE SELF IS THE
WAY PEOPLE BEHAVE
Self is best understood as a
collection of behavior that leads to
a person to behave in accordance
with different circumstances.
PAUL CHURCHLAND: THE SELF IS
THE BRAIN
He advocates the eliminative
materialism or physiology of the
body and brain which explains that
all of us have a brain but if it is
gone, there is no self at all. Our
brain is not inseparable from our
body.
