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Free-Machining of Stainless Steels TRY FOR FREE
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Free-machining of stainless steels can be greatly improved by Search Knowledge Base
changing the alloying elements within the composition but without Enter a phrase to search for:
drastically changing the basic property characteristics of the material.
Some exceptions to the rule can include free-machining grades with
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high sulfur levels which can lead to a reduction in ductility. Search by
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Finding stainless steel materials in the Total
Stainless steels are known for their corrosion-resistant qualities given by a
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complex oxide protective film on the alloy surface. Chromium and nickel are
database
the most important elements which form passive film. On the other hand,
most grades of stainless steels are more or less difficult to machine in end-
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use conditions and are substantially different from that of carbon or alloy
database contains many thousands of stainless
steels and other alloys. One procedure for improving machinability of
steel materials across a large range of countries and
stainless steels is the result of changes in composition by adding sulfur,
standards.
selenium, lead, copper, etc. Alloying elements serve to reduce the friction
forces, transverse ductility and the tendency of the chips to weld to the tool, Where available, full property information can be
but they affect functional (corrosion resistance, transverese ductility) and viewed for materials including chemical
technological properties (machinability, weldability) in a free-machining composition, mechanical properties, physical
stainless steel. properties, advanced property data and much
more.
Therefore, the composition is adjusted to enhance the machinability, but
without changing other basic qualities. Some machine operators are Using the Advanced Search page, it is possible to
interested only in the cutting speed, others in the tool life at a medium search for materials by general application by using
cutting speed. However, comprehensive evaluation of machinability is made the Full Text Search function of Advanced Search.
using the following factors: cutting speed, tool life and surface finish.
It maybe that you need to further narrow the search
Additionally, sulfur forms inclusions that reduce the friction forces and criteria by using the other fields in the Advanced
transverse ductility of the chips, causing them to break off more readily. The Search page e.g. Country/Standard.
improvement in machinability in the free-machining stainless steels namely
Then click Submit.
Types 303, 303 Se, 203, 430F, 416, and 420F is clearly evident in the chart,
"Comparative Machinability of Frequently Used Stainless Steels" (Figure 1).
Total Materia (page.aspx?ID=Home&LN=EN) A list of
materials will then be generated for you to choose
from.
Figure 1: Comparative Machinability of Frequently Used Stainless Steels and
Their Free-Machining Counterparts Ratings in % After clicking a material from the resulting list, a list
The free-machining grades have significantly lower corrosion resistance than of subgroups derived from standard specifications
their non-free machining equivalents because of the presence of these non- appears.
metallic inclusions; these grades are particularly prone to pitting corrosion
attack and must not be used in aggressive environments such as for marine
exposure. Free-machining grades containing high sulfur levels also have
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reduced ductility, so cannot be bent around a tight radius nor cold forged.
Because of the sulfur additions these grades are very difficult to weld, so
again would not be chosen for welded fabrication.
Austenitic stainless steels are generally regarded as being difficult to
machine, and this has led to the development of the free-machining Grade
303. The chromium, nickel, and sulfur contents of Type 303 are slightly
different than that of Type 304, but its physical and mechanical properties
are quite similar. Type 303 can be machined at speeds about 25-30 percent
faster than Type 304. From here it is possible to view specific property
data for the selected material and also to view
Type 303 Se is a free-machining vari¬ation of Type 304 that contains similar and equivalent materials in our powerful
selenium instead of sulfur. Type 303 Se is a better choice than Type 303 when cross reference tables.
a better machined surface finish is required or when cold working may be
involved, such as staking, swaging, spinning, or severe thread rolling, in For example, by clicking on the chemical
addition to machining. composition link on the subgroup page it is possible
to view chemical composition data for the material.
Type 203 is an austenitic free-machin¬ing grade which is a modification of the
200 series stainless steels. Although it contains significant additions of
man¬ganese like the 200 series it also contains nickel and copper. There are
also free-machining alterna¬tives to consider in the 400 series stainless
steels. For instance, if end-use conditions call for Type 430 stainless, the
specifier might select Type 430F.
The composition of Type 430F is adjusted to enhance the machining
characteristics while preserving as much as possible the qualities of Type 430.
The free-machining variation of Type 410 is Type 416, and for Type 420, the
Other critical property data for stainless steels can
specifier should consider Type 420F. Table 1 compares common grades of
also be viewed including mechanical properties
free-machining stainless steel grades.
data, physical properties, advanced property data
and much more.
For you’re a chance to take a test drive of the Total
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invite you to join a community of over 150,000
registered users through the Total Materia Free
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Table 1: Common free machining stainless grade steels
Date Published: Dec-2013
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