PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
FASTING:
¡ FASTING SPECIMENS: ¡ MORE THAN 48 HOURS:
(1) FBS; (2) GTT; (3) Lipids;
¡ increase serum bilirubin
(4) Lipoproteins; (5) Gastrin;
and (4) Insulin ¡ MORE THAN 72 HOURS:
¡ BASAL STATE COLLECTION: ¡ ↑ in plasma TAG, glycerol,
and free fatty acids with
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES ¡ BASAL STATE COLLECTION: no significant change in
(1) Glucose; (2) Cholesterol; plasma cholesterol (men)
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi), MSMT cand. (3) TAG; (4) Electrolytes
¡ ↓ of plasma glucose to 45
Far Eastern University, Manila mg/dL – 2.5 mmmol/L
Institute of Arts and Sciences (IAS) (healthy women)
Department of Medical Technology
Hematology 1 Laboratory (MTY1211)
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
DIET: DIET:
¡ Individual’s diet greatly ¡ POST-ABSORPTIVE HORMONAL ¡ FAT-RICH FOOD: ¡ HYPERCHYLOMICRONEMIA:
affect laboratory test results EFFECTS: (1) Potassium Physiological changes; Increasing
¡ Effect is transient and easily (1) Glucose (2) ALP turbidity of the serum or plasma
(2) Lipids ELEVATED and potentially interfering with
controlled (3) TG
(3) Catecholamines instrument readings
¡ HIGH MEAT DIET: (4) 5-HIAA
(1) Urea ¡ CAFFEINE: elevate plasma
free fatty acids and cause ¡ STOOL OCCULT BLOOD TEST:
(2) Ammonia ELEVATED catecholamine release from (1) Meat
(3) Urate
the adrenal medulla and (2) Fish CAUSE FALSE
¡ ATKINS DIET: greatly brain tissue. (3) Iron
increase ketones in the POSTIVE REACTION
¡ PURINE-RICH DIET: show an (4) Horseradish
urine and increase the
serum blood urea nitrogen increased urate value
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
DIET: DIET:
¡ SEROTONIN-RICH FOOD: ¡ VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY: ¡ OBESITY: ¡ OBESE PERSONS:
(1) Bananas also occur, unless ¡ Serum concentrations of (1) Glucose
(2) Pineapple supplements are taken cholesterol, triglyceride, (2) Cortisol
(3) Tomato and apo B lipoproteins are (3) TAG ELEVATED
¡ HIGH UNSATURATED-TO-SATURATED
(4) Avocado FATTY ACID RATIO: may show correlated with obesity (4) LD
¡ LONG-TIME VEGETARIAN DIET: decreased serum cholesterol ¡ Plasma insulin concentration
(1) LDLs is also increased, but
glucose tolerance is
(2) VLDLs
DECREASED impaired.
(3) Total lipids
CONCENTRATION ¡ In obese men, testosterone
(4) Phospholipids
concentration is reduced.
(5) Cholesterol
(6) Triglycerides
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
EXERCISE: POSTURE OR POSITION:
¡ TRANSIENT CHANGES: ¡ LONG TERM EFFECTS: ¡ Patient should be seated ¡ CHANGING FROM SITTING
or supine for at least 15
(1) FREE FATTY ACIDS (1) CK, (2) Aldolase TO SUPINE POSITION:
to 20 minutes before blood
(2) LACTATE (3) AST, (4) LD collection to prevent (1) Proteins
¡ ELEVATED: ¡ CHRONIC AEROBIC EXERCISE: hemodilution or hemoconc. (2) Lipids
ELEVATED
(1) CK, (2) AST, (3) LD (3) BUN
¡ ↑ Muscle enzymes ¡ PREFERRED POSITION:
(4) Iron
¡ ACTIVATION: ¡ ↑ Prolactin ¡ Upright position (5) Calcium
(1) Coagulation ¡ ↓ Serum gonadotrophin ¡ Supine (lying)
(2) Fibrinolysis ¡ ↓ Sex steroid ¡ CHANGING FROM STANDING
(3) Platelets ¡ CHANGING FROM A SUPINE TO SUPINE POSITION:
TO SITTING OR STANDING:
(1) Albumin ¡ (1) Cholesterol
(2) Enzymes ELEVATED (2) Triglyceride DECREASED
(3) Calcium (3) Lipoproteins
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
POSTURE OR POSITION: TOURNIQUET APPLICATION:
¡ Significant elevation of ¡ RENIN PLASMA LEVEL: ¡ One minute application of ¡ Pressure from the tourniquet
potassium after 30 minutes higher when standing tourniquet is recommended causes biological analytes to
of standing is due to leak from the tissue cells
than supine
¡ EFFECTS OF PROLONGED into the blood
release of potassium from
muscles. ¡ POSTURAL CHANGES: TOURIQUET APPLICATION:
¡ Prolonged use of a tourniquet
drugs bound to proteins (1) Hemoconcentration with fist exercise can
¡ PROLONGED BED REST: are affected (2) Anaerobiosis increase the serum potassium
decreased plasma albumin level by 1 mmol/L
due to fluid retention ¡ PROLONGED TOURNIQUET
APPLICATION:(1) Potassium;
(2) Proteins; (3) Enzymes; ELEVATED
(4) Lactate; (5) Cholesterol;
and (6) Ammonia
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
TOURNIQUET APPLICATION: TOBACCO SMOKING:
¡ LACTATE MEASUREMENT: ¡ TOURNIQUET APPLICATION ¡ It can cause elevated ¡ DECREASED PLASMA LEVELS:
tourniquet should not be OR MUSCULAR ACIVITY: may hormone levels such as the (1) Vitamin B12
catecholamines and cortisol
applied, and the patient decrease venous pO2 and pH
should not clench his fist
¡ INCREASED LEVELS:
at the time of the draw (1) Glucose
(2) Growth hormone
(3) Cholesterol
(4) Triglyceride
(5) Ammonia
(6) Urea
(7) Lactate
(8) Insulin
(9) Urinary 5-HIAA
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
ETHANOL INGESTION: STRESS:
¡ INCREASED LEVELS: ¡ It causes hypoglycemia ¡ INCREASED LEVELS: ¡ TOTAL CHOLESTEROL: has
(1) Lactate among patients with chronic (1) Catecholamines been reported to increase
(2) Urate alcoholism (2) Cortisol with mild stress, and HDL
(3) Triglyceride (3) ACTH cholesterol to decrease by
(4) Prolactin as much as 15%
¡ CHRONIC ALCOHOL ABUSE: (5) Albumin
(1) HDL cholesterol (6) Glucose ¡ HYPERVENTILATION: affects
acid-base balance and
(2) GGT (7) Lactate
ELEVATED elevates leukocyte counts,
(3) Urate serum lactate, or free
(4) MCV fatty acids
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES PRECOLLECTION VARIABLES
DRUGS: TDM: GRAY TOP:
¡ Medications affecting ¡ DIURETICS: can cause ¡ Tubes should not be ¡ FLORIDE OXALATE: used for
plasma volume can affect decreased plasma sodium collected in tubes with lactate sample collection
protein, BUN, iron, and and potassium gel separator or serum ¡ SODIUM FLUORIDE: used to
calcium concentrations separator tubes collect ethanol specimens
¡ OPIATES: increases liver
¡ TDM: should be schedule and pancreatic enzymes ¡ GEL ABSORBS:
according to the time of (1) Phenytoin
the last dose ¡ ASCORBIC ACID: analytic (2) Phenobarbital FALSELY LOW
methods based on oxidation- (3) Lidocaine RESULT
¡ HEPATOXIC DRUG: elevate reduction reactions may be (4) Quinidine
liver function enzymes influenced positively or (5) Carbamazepine
negatively
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
MEDICATIONS
PREEXAMINATION VARIABLES
Strasinger S. K. & Di Lorenzo M. S. (2019). The phlebotomy textbook (Fourth). F.A. Davis Company. Strasinger S. K. & Di Lorenzo M. S. (2019). The phlebotomy textbook (Fourth). F.A. Davis Company.
DIURNAL VARIATION
SPECIAL TEST REQUIREMENTS:
Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management byLaboratory Methods 22nd edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. USA ©2011. Polansky, Valerie Dietz. Quick Review Cards for Medical Laboratory Science. Edited by Christa Fratantoro and Angela Norton, Second edition., F. A. Davis Company, 2014.
PREANALYTIC ERRORS
Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management byLaboratory Methods 22nd edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. USA ©2011. Polansky, Valerie Dietz. Quick Review Cards for Medical Laboratory Science. Edited by Christa Fratantoro and Angela Norton, Second edition., F. A. Davis Company, 2014.
SPECIMEN REJECTION:
REFERENCE:
¡ Rodak, B. F., Fritsma, G. A., & Keohane, E. M.
(2016). Hematology: clinical principles and
applications. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Saunders
¡ Turgeon, Mary Louise. Clinical Hematology: Theory
and Procedures. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
¡ Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus.
Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management
byLaboratory Methods 22nd edition. Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. USA ©2011.
Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management byLaboratory Methods 22nd edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. USA ©2011.
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
PRE-COLLECTION VARIABLES
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi), MSMT cand.
Far Eastern University, Manila
Institute of Arts and Sciences (IAS)
Department of Medical Technology
Hematology 1 Laboratory (MTY1211)
Nelven M. Gallego, RMT, MLS(ASCPi)
