PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION – MIDTERM  1997

EXAM REVIEWER - the term “weblog” was coined.

→ The word’s creation has been
BLOG
attributed to Jorn Barger, of
- A blog (a shortened version of
the influential early blog Robot
“weblog”) is an online journal or
Wisdom.
informational website displaying
→ The term was created to
information in reverse chronological
reflect the process of “logging
order, with the latest posts
the web” as he browsed.
appearing first, at the top.
 1998
- It is a platform where a writer or a
- It marks the first known instance of a
group of writers share their views on
blog on a traditional news site, when
an individual subject.
Jonathan Dube blogged Hurricane
Bonnie for The Charlotte Observer.
 Some blogs operate mainly as
 1999
news filters, collecting various
- “Weblog” was shortened to “blog”
online sources and adding short
by programmer Peter Merholz.
comments and Internet links.
- It’s not until five years later that
 Other blogs concentrate on
Merriam-Webster declares the word
presenting original material. In
their word of the year.
addition, many blogs provide a
- During these early years, a few
forum to allow visitors to leave
different “blogging” platforms
comments and interact with the
cropped up. LiveJournal is probably
publisher.
the most recognizable of the early
sites.
“To blog” - is the act of composing
- the platform that would later
material for a blog. Materials are largely
written, but pictures, become Blogger was started by
audio, and videos are Evan Williams and Meg Hourihan at
important elements of
Pyra Labs.
many blogs.
→ Blogger is largely responsible
“Blogsphere” - is the online universe of
for bringing blogging to the
blogs.
mainstream.
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QUICK HISTORY OF BLOG The Growth Period

 1994
- The early 2000s were a period of
- It’s generally recognized that the first
growth for blogs.
blog was Links.net, created by Justin
Hall, while he was a Swarthmore In 1999, according to a list compiled by
College student. Jesse James Garrett, there were 23 blogs
- at that time they weren’t called on the internet. By the middle of 2006,
blogs, and he just referred to it as his there were 50 million blogs according to
personal homepage. Technorati‘s State of the Blogosphere
report.
 - Political blogs were some of the most - By 2004, political consultants,
popular early blogs. Some political candidates, and mainstream news
candidates started using blogs organizations all began using blogs
during this time period, including more prominently. They provided the
Howard Dean and Wesley Clark perfect vehicle for broadcasting
- In-depth topic blogs were also editorial opinion and reaching out to
becoming more popular during this readers and viewers.
time. They often delved much - During this time, the number of blogs
deeper into current news and pop grew even more, with more than 152
culture than mainstream media million blogs active by the end of
sources, in addition to commenting 2010.
directly on what traditional media
was reporting.
THE RISE OF MICROBLOGS AND TUMBLOGS
“Meta blogs” - (blogs about blogging) - A lot of people only think of Twitter
make up a sizable portion of the most when they think of microblogging,
popular and successful blogs out there. but there are other microblog (also
called tumblog) platforms that allow
“Dooced” - became a slang term to
for a more traditional type of
describe being fired from one’s job for
blogging experience, while also
something you’ve written on your blog,
allowing for the social networking
and has made appearances in Urban
features of Twitter (like following
Dictionary, and even on Jeopardy!
other bloggers).
- Tumblr was the first major site to offer
this kind of service, starting in 2007.
BLOGS REACH THE MAINSTREAM
They allow for a variety of different
- By the mid-2000s, blogs were post types, unlike traditional
reaching the mainstream. blogging services, which have a
- In January of 2005, a study was one-size-fits-all post format (that
released saying that 32 million allows users to format their posts
Americans read blogs. however they want, including
→ At the time, it’s more than ten adding multimedia objects).
percent of the entire - It also makes it easier for users to
population. reblog the content of others, or to
→ The same year, Garrett M. like individual posts (sort of like
Graff was granted White Facebook’s “like” feature).
House press credentials, the
first blogger ever to do so.
- A number of mainstream media sites
started their own blogs during the
mid to late 2000s, or teamed up with
existing blogs to provide additional
coverage and commentary.
 - Posterous is another, similar service. still include some standard features
Launched in 2008, and structures.
→ Posterous allows bloggers to
set up a simple blog via email,
and then submit content
either via their online editor or
by email.
→ Posterous is sometimes
considered more of a
lifestreaming app than a
blogging platform, thought it’s
technically both.

THE FUTURE BLOGGER

- Eight to ten years ago, blogs were
becoming the primary point of
communication for individuals online.
But with the advent of social media
and social networking in the past
five years, blogs have become only
one portion of an individual’s online
persona.
- Vlogs and podcasts have also taken
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on a bigger role in the blogosphere,
with a lot of bloggers opting to use TYPES OF BLOGS
primarily multimedia content.
 Personal Blogs
Services that cater to these kinds of
- The personal blog is an ongoing
posts (like Tumblr and Posterous) are
online diary or commentary written
likely to keep growing in popularity.
by an individual, rather than a
- Blogs are unlikely to go anywhere in
corporation or organization.
the foreseeable future. But there’s a
lot of room for growth and
 Collaborative Blogs or Group Blogs
innovation in method in which their
- type of weblog in which posts are
content is found, delivered, and
written and published by more than
accessed.
one author.
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 Microblogging
BLOG STRUCTURE
- Microblogging is the practice of
- The appearance of blogs has posting small pieces of digital
changed over time, and these days content—which could be text,
blogs include a wide variety of items pictures, links, short videos, or other
and widgets. However, most blogs media—on the Internet.
 - Microblogging offers a portable - Blogs with shorter posts and mixed
communication mode that feels media types are called tumblelogs.
organic and spontaneous to many - Blogs that are written on typewriters
users and then scanned are called
typecast or typecast blogs
 Corporate and Organizational Blogs
- A blog can be private, as in most  By Device
cases, or it can be for business or - A blog can also be defined by which
not-for-profit organization or type of device is used to compose it.
government purposes A blog written by a mobile device
like a mobile phone or PDA could be
 Aggregated Blogs called a moblog.
- individuals or organization may
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aggregate selected feeds on
specific topic, product or service FREE BLOG SITES
and provide combined view for its
 Wix (www.wix.com)
readers.
- Wix is a free website builder that can
- This allows readers to concentrate
be totally managed from the front-
on reading instead of searching for
end.
quality on-topic content and
managing subscriptions.
 WordPress (www.wordpress.org)
- Best free blog sites: WordPress
 By Genre
WordPress.org is the king of free
- Some blogs focus on a particular
blogging sites.
subject, such as political blogs,
- It is a free platform, but you need to
journalism blogs, health blogs, travel
build the site mostly by yourself
blogs (also known as travelogs),
afterward.
gardening blogs, house blogs, Book
Blogs, fashion blogs, beauty blogs,
 LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com)
lifestyle blogs, party blogs, wedding
- Best free blog sites: LinkedIn You
blogs, photography blogs, project
probably didn’t see this one coming.
blogs, psychology blogs, sociology
- LinkedIn isn’t most people’s first
blogs, education blogs, niche blogs,
choice when considering which of
classical music blogs, quizzing blogs,
the free blogging sites to choose.
legal blogs (often referred to as a
blawgs), or dreamlogs.
 Weebly (www.weebly.com)
- Best free blog sites: Weebly Weebly is
 By Media Type
another website builder that you
- A blog comprising videos is called a
can use not only to blog but also to
vlog, one comprising links is called a
sell products or showcase your
linklog, a site containing a portfolio
portfolio.
of sketches is called a sketchblog or
one comprising photos is called a
 Blogger (www.blogger.com)
photoblog.
 - Blogger Blogger is one of the oldest - After deciding on your topic, the
free blog sites, though its popularity next step is to check your library for
has dipped in recent years. availability of literature and related
studies. It is necessary that there are -
 Tumblr (www.tumblr.com) available resources that could help
- Tumblr is one of the original free you substantiate your research
blogging sites on the web. It’s just a proposal Gather as many related
bit ‘milder’ than the others on the list. literature as you can. It may be a
magazine article, a newspaper, a
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thesis, a book, or a journal. Anything
RESEARCH that gives you relevant information
about your topic will be helpful in
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD REARCH writing your research paper.
1. A good research follows an order
Step 3: Taking Notes
that logically presents all the ideas.
- Take time to read the literature that
2. A good research is logical. It is
you gathered. Do purposeful
supported by facts and pieces of
reading. This means that as you read,
evidence to ensure validity.
you identify the information that will
3. A good research interprets data
help you in writing your research
fairly and objectively.
paper Take note of the relevant
4. A good research is original. It does
pieces of information or highlight
not copy other works.
them by using a marker. This way, it
5. A good research is useful to other
will be easier for you to locate the
research studies.
information when the need arises.
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Step 4: Formulating your Research
STEPS IN WRITING A RESEARCH
Questions
Step 1: Identify your Research Paper - Research questions provide direction
- Humans are naturally curious about to your research paper as you seek
a lot of things. You can use your answers to them. Two or three well-
curiosity to come up with an formulated research questions are
interesting research topic, Look enough for your paper.
around you. Keep a record of
observations that make you wonder. Step 5: Writing an Outline
Jot down questions that you have in - Now that you have formulated your
mind but which are unanswered. research questions, it is time you
Note everything that you find write your research outline An outline
interesting. It may be in the field of helps you organize your thoughts by
science, math, English, and presenting an overview of what you
technology. It may also be a intend to include in your paper.
controversial issue. Through an outline, you can
eliminate unnecessary information
Step 2: Preparing your References and at the same time elaborate on
topics relevant to your study.
 However, you have to remember an overview of what is contained in
that your outline is just your guide. the paper's various sections.
You may modify the contents of your 4. Methods/ Procedures - this described
paper based on your reading. what you did, gives strategies,
sample calculations, diagrams and
Step 6: Writing the Draft circuits, and descriptions of
- With your research topic, research equipment. The goal here is to give
questions, and outline, you are now the reader sufficient information to
ready to write you research paper. be able to repeat your work if
You, then, have to expand your desired.
outline by explaining or discussing, 5. Results - this is where you prove your
and giving examples. Establish the point with the data. Give graphs and
strength of your research paper by tables of costs, profit, whatever your
justifying its importance and citing data is. Also, give some description
reliable references. This is possible if or guide to help the readers
you have done extensive reading recognize your important points.
and gathered sufficient literature. 6. Discussion/ Conclusion - here, state
what you learned or proved. What
Step 7: Citation and Referencing are the major accomplishments of
- Finally, make sure that you give due this work> you may lso describe
recognition to authors and sources interesting observations, new
of information which you have questions and future work here.
included in your research proposal. 7. Bibliography - a list of references you
This is done through proper citation used in the work and writing a paper.
and referencing. Full publication
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details of works which you have
cited should be reflected in your FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
references.
1. Telegrams or Telegraphs Message - a
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written message transmitted by using
PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER an electric device. The message was
carried along wires, and the text
1. Title Page
written or printed and delivered by
2. Abstract - is a short (about 100-500
hand or tele printer.
word) summary of the entire paper.
2. Handwritten Letter or Messages - a
It should include: goals and
piece of writing that is handwritten is
objectives, results, and conclusions. It
one that someone has written using
is usually one of the last parts of the
a pen or pencil rather than by typing
paper to be written.
it.
3. Introduction - has three main
3. Typewritten Letter or Messages -
purposes. First, it provides
Letters that is written or produced
background and motivation for your
using keyboard on a typewriter or a
topic (usually includes a review of
computer that writes similar
current literature on the topic).
characters that those produced by
Second, it describes the focus of the
printers.
paper you are writing. Third, it gives
 4. Email Messages - an email message grant, it fits the culture and structure of
is a text, typically brief and informal, the community, and it addresses the
that is received over a computer vision of the project.
network. A method of exchanging
messages between people using  Time-bound – Every objective has a
electronic devices. specific timeline for completion.
5. Text (or SMS) Messages - The act of
composing and sending messages,
that consist of alphabetic and
numeric character using cellular
mobile.
6. Facebook Post - a message on a
special delivery cyber-bottle.
Reflects on the moment you share
with or allows you to express what
you are feeling anytime of the day.
7. Tweets - A tweet is simply a post on
Twitter, which is a very popular social
network and microblogging service.
8. Instagram Post - A photo or video
that an Instagram user shares on the
platform.
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ACRONYM S.M.A.R.T.
SMART stands for specific, measurable,
achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
 Specific – Objective clearly states, so
anyone reading it can understand,
what will be done and who will do it.

 Measurable – Objective includes how

the action will be measured. Measuring
your objectives helps you determine if
you are making progress. It keeps you
on track and on schedule.

 Achievable – Objective is realistic given

the realities faced in the community.
Setting reasonable objectives helps set
the project up for success

 Relevant – A relevant objective makes

sense, that is, it fits the purpose of the