Inteopuction To SQL SQu SQL stands fox aca v4 Jowguys = ile non- pacceduxak wn nettle The YSQL spew [aes lata, cfintton 5 olate. man paclation aud thu oouatid. fowlha ea DBs thal sy POXO the telabeual date Mockel . Sgt tsa Comp xachamsive Pan jag whith conbeels aud seleorad with | clatahas. Mciabfement SyStem. Wes Fanguage was named Strabo < C'sh Duss Kew jung Csequed tohitn way Pabr ShoHlencd eo SUL+ “TEN allots Poceus to dala prork pr DEMS. Charadnesh'e of SOL « — Th fs an uilerackie i 4 ais clout +0 be human neaclable fegvge, econ — tg wmeclinstamol . Ltrs cam he aitert asclh ~ Ets a dotabare admiustnatin lar. b the clatabore admiustraty umalisgu Ge Ou Sane fine Hu ee Struct anol control aeus to Hes stervecl —- fF isa AMeeet/ 3 eouser en a, it ee aan nite Porpeep enne A Pan be @ network) clatabare - Tt ys a hétubutd Langue eb ecause, ct beaskfle hibps sa. clistra bachén ca a cress m Connectid Compilan ior acca ‘ “?t Th te a caleba programming Lowguagt, because It sewer asa powodul toot “fon su! Crating £ manip abing clatabara : — We supports tr amgachén , allows y multiple SQL Statiments t be grouped. togeThur om ex single 2 atone luru't 7 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner# Advantages of S@L . » Easy te deann amd We: 9b Auembly’ simple a Sentence, making. SQL Cary to Learn aud uncin Sand fend 7d 2) Storndard Taclependemed: Penge ages The umiyesal. suds Bh te SPL hove been eetablrhd ANS! and 150. SQL "Sam open language which Wh tig thak Ct not Sonia cont ndy by ] gh compe: 3) Speed: The aitense competi hon ae platabar Verdes Nas xtkbed wi fartr , more’ viobus- OBIS that works at (Gwer caste fot Cental on 4) Cress Platbrm AbiLihes: soe moy be nae to Semt ef the most an flalfSrms beet 17 hes been eh use on He fforente Nardone flaiforms for yen. 5) Acs Programming - SL alles extraction, man) stake , a orgeisatiban of cate with As PRogpemn 4 reper to prochhaonal methoc @ scanned with OKEN Scanner# SQL dat tybes ° Charatan stars ¢ Numue'e : Fe and cluctey eligen numnhos of ea Cintener OL INT, anc SHALCiNT) enel [loons pornt Cal) numbey oh verve prev'von C FLOAT oy REAL, and. Dovare RECISION) , 5 ale. types are ethan Paceot fegin — candy cwdencree Cn) shee mrp TH number of chanactus. or vocupting hong th — Varctar Gv) oy Cane Varina (SZ ae CHAEPTER VARYINi, (Ge) sehen 0 iy De maximum 7 S. ‘ Beokean Fs late tye hor pny valu of TRE or FACSE In SPL beng the vatvst of Nuve VALUES | oe ~ valid Hoge as ies Seq (OW bk valu Gere Boocesn Olake. type "Ss ONKIVOLON Date : Tae cata ¢ Aa te, PoStHen gs “ts ares on Yen, MoNnTH Mn Do Pa fr YY - Mm ot | Tine: Componints an ving OUR | Mwure Omd Secony ae eae Of HA-MM: o¢ TIMESTAMP , % we tacts OM DAE amet ae Qo rarimsen OF Si podchens Foy olevim al firtions Of Seonet GX a Mo homad ny TIME =, A ‘ONE (Anal fy i pn senhel as i Fo. Leet vabius “A SID. g tin tek work ye ‘ Prone strings ne pte hey mE STAME. il) hell's Peto’ sate ona alt .- TINE STAMP (2005-10 -5 % 09:47 64 $302), INTERVAL: 9 vlalive vals tha cay, Se wd to Unoument on olcument on, PhS yale of a clate, time , ox Une stamp ' Hntervels any Yuk fied to be eathoy YEAR / Monty antervale oe DAY Time. bba vals fds, plus @ scanned with OKEN Scanner) Data De fo ‘tion Cuaguage : Dre Commande cree ust fo ocate 2 #4 & olatalase © detabenr objects . Commands ay, ° Creare * DRot ° AUER * TRoncaTE Rename modify. the structions TRese ee: CREatE DATABASE dlateba, SE — nome : Fon cesta a table ; CREate Taele table name ( Colum olatal pe 2 oe 2 oo z — Bror ; SYNTAX |e clrop table : DROP Trace ‘table name ; °% dlxep a clatabar. : Deop Datastise. cabsbase =name ; ALter ; SYNTAx + To allix -the Conttorl of a table @ scanned with OKEN Scannerome definition 5 AUER Ine Lable-n vctalhee © coltemn Colunm_name ‘bane toh wc ae CAawge the properties of a c : ek: oe » eee contramts , ope capauily. » AUER Jase table name TE an a ALTER Coon Columm—name , i 7 constant @ * To ath, feble to add privmonyy | a "Sos foMes - ALTER TABLE table_name eyes . ao Com steams Myfouin og. Priniary ¥ Clam 2 PP consteaing From a table. ALTER TABLE table-name Ro e Constenntr "Prima i, TT ee acm, hy ALTER TALE table rome : DRop Covomny Colm rams _ “TRowcate ; “Similan NF TEI Command but te Af evenee ts Heal sop Comman ol PLmove, tre table a PRL ay ay Conterls | truncate Comma nol only Cares Hey Corbet table 7 SYNTAX : r @ scanned with OKEN ScannerR a eee AEWwaNe Used fo han, ‘ i SYNTAy Ce en eng tet Rename TABLE MLE lable name To table—name-rud } Tn Post a Atteg O° SQL Rewame came is wed with the TABLE Sted emenk ies TABLE table -nome ENAME 45 new-table name; e@ Aue, ‘ R TAGE table name RENAME ¢, N Colum name ~ i 0 new coburn Saito?) | | > Pete. Man pulistery ae . , This used tor Crserting “delrhing., and upelabing. olata. in | | | a dectabase . ts | ale i 's used to retrieve anc monipibate Late | nal clalabare. — tnchuades } | + INSERT ° UPDATE ® ce DELETE — INSERT | “th is und to sesert data + a SQL table. Usi* the anced qprrg 12 Com add. ome om mone saws “to ate table . SYNTAX: INSERT INTO table name Cattribulel ,atlhdbile2,....) VAWES CVaht , Val2,...) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner7 abe Fe | Ct O0OXxLL—— , ~ Drbare . Tuk co 10 ths olata 2s pra ¢ ame. i ae é, 2 abie 2 Sea tom = valent i) column 2 = vaby WHERE Trondition] * You Cam Combinn N number of condiens uss oa Oe cp eratons ¢ Setere Soe « 60 from a table Sway DELETE Feo table name WHERE, Coondetion]; DELETE From Cable. name eee ey ares " KeRisH’s 3 2) Data Dueng Ze es PAL Comvannd cou useel +p peter dota from a Seladaineh Aotabess Thy perform read only, aoe of data, 7 SELECT command Selects the ablyihcl bere ye von céndri'en dawdbed ai jhe WHERE Claue L on nd SHS tren SUN TAX . SELEqQ * From toble nom, ‘ ch ob news Whee te — oe sever © From tabic WHERE yi ?20 5 DTS grata tram 26 em @ scanned with OKEN Scanneroe) jo makt cha Os 7 : namt | VPDATE .» Tease le: to te lata 1 TH me vppare table-ma alue 2 umn 2 = Vv) Col, Ser eat «valued fen WHERE [condition]; 8 Yee can combias N aumaber of conditions ong Ano OR OR operators . CPeare Connpany Ber £T Sacary 150000 q WHERE Thos: 3 ~ PELETE ——= “mo Sad to remove a sow from a table SUstay ANTAN DELETE FRom table_name WHERE Condon; DELETE From table name. WHERE first name =" KeRisy': 3 3) Data Oy, ve & BOL command che weel tp ch dota. from a seleliénald dotabare . erform ad - i " cite ia b me oly yore The SELECT command Selects the atlribuk baud on tie Utter ducdbed 1s the W ~ reba hen MEINE Se eRe Cans & SYNTAX SELEq * From fable nome ; To ch alh rews Whee the age gxeata t cecect * Feom table_name 7 WHERE ag >20 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner6 To €7brat oll yerus Usher He name malar a. oe Othe? operator FROM {able Fivst name SELECI eC - Videme WHERE Lice, "myName _'+ J 7 Prstna 2 — — asa coring Fruslinamd age Ky Name aq ol HyNamer — pineal | te 7 . HyNarn2 | 20 MyName 2 20 Hi MyNames | 5 Nemes | a Oe ee Tt uns 2 spewaR chonartas embeclded in the of to be nn y oe : n weprecencts evo ,one or ang number of 7. 2 ee Q@ sin Chaxatu . @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAapagst Functions : TE tedusn single valu by a y performin operation on a GP oh vals. wy often une ages fumibions WOK Me GROUP BY and Haviner Gounwr of tle seceer Stolument - “The “wu 5S tubes agatcegat: fuschinas + Be egpegat. fs = Count (> + Sum() + Avge) * Mind) © Max (> Let's Ute the teble as ae example Cust-id cust name cust— balance = ! Asc 50000 2 PQR 60090 3 3 ABC 60000 4 POR oO I To9e' es ae, = Gt Aggy: Function : Tt vdlinns Hu count Of ocows prow a crlectect number 4 Collum my Coun ALL» Default? clause ot the tT C# 1] Distiver [Aut 1Column name>) Ceurdt eopgpergal om je be . Seleck Count ( cut balance) from cuter; a oun 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerE plore” 7, te & a atowen)) from eton Steer Count (adic hoe (Ot SOM A (uncon negalt | oe Aap sn awn eal me phe sum of valu ff ee ae numbe rae of itt “seledl a ter J. of 7 ef celumne ee paluan Stem of all Ph cemcls l Sorte t Sum C# | prerer [Aue | Cebiamn —rart) ° Te calculate Hu foial sum of autorun balan Sttécr Sun Ccust- balan.) trom caxtorman j * To Cabelate fu chitinck sum of cuter bokanne trom custom table u Sevect Sunt (ostink Cust. balanay) from customnr ; cum L 1YOC0O SN Aagreg ott Function a od 5 . Ie seckurnr. phe oll of the smallist vous of alt. selledted. Yabuer of th column. Te wll cele te Cowest yalua Crom a selelic column Min ( # / DISTINT] ALL] colemn name>) b — @ scanned with OKEN Scannert SQL Operators 2 Phabe proceduse . SQL _Oberatores stra sag operators are. ured fon f ning the table's data cule condition in the SQL Statement . in SQL The sunswed words aud chorcadins oe collet operators COhich art ued with a WHERE claw wn a Sal , yg Operators cam esti be wre Pies an um or cttors one operand js Cure of whe ‘hee: G00 operand. 's seal . i) Soe ahah: i es D) Asathrmnatic. 2) Compovo'son 3) Logical 4) sk 9 Bek-wise 9 Cae ) Avithmebe Operators + Ty pedorms mmerthonrtbcad operalion on the mumeural dala of Pe SPL Cables. Follewsing axe te yauous artomelic operators peafprna on Hu SHL data : Aree ~ Addrton O} eee Ge) steer operand + operand a + Sublradtian Operatlon (_) sececr of = rublpbitien’g oO - Divgion Of cramdl -operand2 ; Operator.C®) sévter operand! x orevamd2 CBA) steer Cfeandl Jopexand2 ; (%) ) Se€e sperondl % oprond 2} sevect Sal 10000 as a Enp- we Sn Front Ev. wii fea @ scanned with OKEN Scannerie : Und 0 orf . alons D Compouier Of" “pfeeait “data. of $9 operators : Vaseocey wuson ~ Eapuiat Operator GD Net equa Opexaton( t=) 7 SOL Crwatn than Operator (> bo ~ Cveeatrthan Capel to grate" Fess thaw Operator (< E> ess than spol te Oo nator ‘i Se Sevecr # Feou Enp-datail oD alt CRefen table rom previews Poze were ID<= 12, SELECT * From Emp-detel Ex 3 LO pesl. Oporatons : ~ AL Oberator ~ Ano peratr OR O beratey BETWEEN Operator : IN Operator. Nor Operator ANY operttose Ope Operator “Thay Operator, Bb alway asd oe SELECT HAVING 5 e OR WHERE a _——— I @ scanned with OKEN ScannerQueay oe anno shat a A Quam Im a. Database f ieey Si a vatqpet fo dala. a Enfuuenation om database fable ax Combination 6] tables. in the centist 4 qpotits in ow datalnse , it con be ther a Alek ques an achen que A select Sh aw Mati, secbal wel while om eckion vig wey - que oaks Jou addiienal sperattons on the data. ducky or insection, plating, or deletion, Mast formal uvutes pw written in SQl- (siructivesl Quy Language) « A qpory, tam either be be dagpast Joo data saubls pen, yore datebue 00 for adion on the data, ax ot bath A quay, La gfe ya rn Arla toa. slope, quusion , pofoom caltulotions 5 Combine date. pom. diffe: Fables, odd , change ox dabte ie jon. ae tlafabase . Te mast cermnon Zipp fF SAL qpry Js. SELECT cpg which dita alot from one ov mow tables Jn ys olatabase and | scliyins OF Jn the Joon of pre 0% mone Hous Other Cemmen database question indude ! © And— combining data, frome amultiple tables, © Snort - adding muy data tea row, column, ar table. * Onder by Aerting alate, by A givin altsibude. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner— Se eal Sue - Query Q- What subg Jn SQL2 nut Jude © EE in A Aubaueny is we SAL query oa Aubqury may eect in - * A Sevect clause * A FRomM clause ® A WHERE claue The Haley tan be muted Jmafde SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE , O% DELETE Atatimontt an fntde amater Hbyrouy + "A subgueny “x ually added wttiin the WHERE Clase of ancti SQL Select statment, * You Lon we the combariren, oprratarns , puch ab ><, at 2. The Cemposiisen sporatoe tan alse be a multiple ew ehrratir , such as IN, ANY, we ALL. © 4 sub B olse- called an inne qpoy oe drmot Aelect, while ty statement containing, w uabgury 58 ole Called am aulir quey a cult deck. © The Somer quo executes fiat bow id poor sy so that the nalts of am met oy tan be posed te the eutur gy. You Cam we ow Aubquory dno SELECT, INSERT , DELETE , av UPOATE Ataternent, | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner— hm Ns; Jorns ‘A \ rulotbral: databoies auch aay : Gin 38 towed, Bo omalttt SOL Suwet ,Onade, Hy SQ, anc athena, | nett key val Mple. tables that ane. velaled to each ether with a: som ue. ° Aecexding > thoes WA Lonstant mec to extract sucards fom twe , med tables Stoo seeslte t able) 2,2, 4, SQL Sewer, Ahis com be ey cased on Lome coadeHon . ‘puse= asl Accomplished with the SQL JoIN fests SQL clause usec te: ’ ‘ qpoup amel acces date [rule ables, osecl on Ieafeal wulabienshtos bebunon. Shose pee, Types of Jains fn SQL Sowe — o 4nve Tat eufe Oboe Tein, le pe vy | Rit Guts Jon “ sop Taye © Cuens Tatn, @ * Tver Sogn — 4ynee Torn sMotomunl yuctiwuns hase recwrds eb Kows that hove snatching, values and is ude be Hetitve olate Fhat obbears Jn botl tables. Sumer Soin, yn, ws @ scanned with OKEN Scannera, aE mh \ + Ourer Jorn — lk 1 ae abblying am SOL INNER JOIN, the duipe “| yout USE an j Matching 4 Meatthing saws Jee the Aated. Fable. 4a contrast , if Veen dhe mal ehing yowhs buk aby aun Hetivun fs q Cree vomN will webeie mel only Lomoadehed sews ar well, [ Leftoud Gul Bip aut —— dull outer x Rent Ovtee Jorn — Ti ae z } om ‘ght table (Table 8 amd. matches this date wile the sows feom hehe table a The Bagi TOIN Hekwms a xewlt bet thot Sneludes all rows in Mort table , whether a mat they awe matehing raw that will be asec nebive | data. “7 How ib on example &f haw to- daclane @ Cums « | Ossie cueloe_name CURSOR For, i | SELECT Colamnt , coburn Colors: | From toble_name, | | Were umndéltent, i L erence @ scanned with OKEN Scanner: Eyphval Cone aT Ay pry n puoled- by aa pom oO youll hE. Toy ?* . Auth os HL ability te PAE tony uth as woktg i tay, tb sup, Explict cvewd ole and. manipulate. data Covtial over the CvnMe , ware ik, fetch ows, ond. ole, prego“ op a) 4 che. yefal WTA jn additen , explicit Cua, OME Lpeci freably Wes deaking sith urge amennt of dob anc alte te We 2 Cwusr In Sou, you fost mud be dua the waar aod spec, the SELECT statement that will be Woh te nebtive * dota. Hew 2b on example 4 tow te dicow oo Cunsnr’ DELARE cumsan_name CURSOR FoR i | (SELECT Columnt » Colurang, Columns, ' Fos toble_ name, Where card itor, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner° _, A Sepik Cosma — Expllct cya ace eotated. by the, proparn net te sabye and manipulate. doba- fiom a xoaull del. Thay. provide. “no contial over the ewsar, Auch as He obilfiy te open or ware it, fete Hows, ond clas , pofovm. operations on | dine adclitfen : expleeit wats OXL Ape feally- use ful whil dealing with. Lovage cvmeunt of data and ale te we a cwunr In SQL, you frat mud te diclawe the cwuwe ¢ apety- the SELECT statement thal will be used, te vat dota. 7 Hew tb on example haw te oleclaw. a Cornsare « Tecan Cubar_name CURSOR FoR | SELECT Column > Columng: 9 Columrd. | FROM table name j WHERE cond ilo, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner