Generic name
Ceftriaxone sodium
Brand name
Rocephin
Action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis ,rendering cell wall osmotically unstable, leading to cell death
Indication
Treatment of LRTI (e.g. bronchitis, pneumoni a, bronchopneumonia , emphysema, lung abscess), skin and soft tissue infections. Preoperative prophylaxis to reduce chance of post-operative surgical infections
Side Effect
Phlebitis Rash Diarrhea Vomiting
Nsg. Management
Instruct patient to take medication as prescribed for the length of time ordered even if he feels better Teach patient to report sore throat, bruising, bleeding and joint pain. Advise patient to watch out for perineal itching, fever, malaise, redness, pain, swelling, rash ,diarrhea.
Generic name
Cefuroxime
Brand name
Zegen
Action
Inhibits cell-wall synthesis, promoting osmotic instability; usually bactericidal
Indication
Injectable form issued for treatment of serious infections of the lower respiratory tracts
Side Effect
Discomfort with IM administration Oral candidiasis (mouth and/or tongue sores) Mild diarrhea Mild abdominal cramping Vaginal candidiasis Nausea Serum sickness reaction (joint pain, fever) Allergic reactions Thrombophlebitis
Nsg. Management
Question for history of allergies, particularly cephalosporins and penicillins. Give without regards to meals. If GI upset occurs give with food or milk. Avoid crushing tablets due to bitter taste. Suspension must be given with food. Intramuscular injections must be administered deep IM to minimize discomfort. Assess mouth for white patches on mucous membranes and tongue. Monitor bowel activity and stool consistency carefully. Mild GI effects may be tolerable but increasing severity may indicate onset of antibiotic-associated colitis. Monitor input and output and renal function reports for nephrotoxicity. Be alert for superinfection: severe genital or anal pruritus, abdominal pain, severe mouth soreness, moderate to severe diarrhea.
Generic name
Ampicillin
Brand name
Action
Inhibits cell-wall synthesis during bacterial multiplication.
Indication
Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms.
Side Effect
Skin rashes, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea Pain at injection site
Nsg. Management
Before giving the drug ask patient about allergic reactions to penicillin or negative history of penicillin allergy. Watch for sign and symptoms of hypersensitivity
Omnipen
Generic name
Piperacillin Sodium
Brand name
Pipracil
Action
Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death. Spectrum is extended compared with other penicillins
Indication
Treatment of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also infection due to other susceptible bacteria.
Side Effect
Upset stomach Vomiting Unpleasant or abnormal taste Diarrhea Gas Headache Constipation Insomnia
Nsg. Management
Obtain history of hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other drugs prior to administration. Lab tests: C&S prior to first dose of the drug; start drug pending results. Periodic CBC with differential, platelet count, Hgb and Hct, and serum electrolytes. Monitor for hypersensitivity response; discontinue drug and notify physician if allergic response noted. Lab tests: Periodic CBC with differential, platelet count, Hgb and Hct, and serum electrolytes. Monitor for hemorrhagic manifestations because high doses may induce coagulation abnormalities.
Generic Name Ceftazidime
Brand name Zeptrigen
Action Interfere with a final step formation of the bacterial cellwall (inhibition of mucopeptidebiosyn thesis), resulting in unstable cell membranes that undergo lysis. Also, cell division and growth are inhibited. More activity against gram-negative organisms and resistant organisms and less activity against grampositive organisms than firstgeneration drugs
Indication
Side Effect
Nsg. Management Before: 1. Assess for liver and renal dysfunction. 2. Obtain CBC, renal function studies; reduce dose withdysfunction.3. Culture infection, and arrange sensitivity tests before and during therapy if expected response is not seen. During: 1. Do not mix with aminoglycoside solutions, administer these drugs separately. 2. Monitor prothrombin time inpatients w/ renal or hepatic impairment, in a poor nutritional state or are on prolonged therapy. 3. Preparation of injectable solution, sites and methods of injection are treated with utmost care. Administer IV injection as slowly as possible. After: 1. Store at temperatures not exceeding 30C. 2. Have Vit. K available in case hypoprothrombinemia occurs
Treatment of Swelling, infections of Redness the lower resp. Pain, or tract, skin & soreness skin structure, at the UTI, bacterial injection septicemia, site may bone & joint occur. infections, gynecological May also infections, infrequently intracause abdominal Loss of infections, CNS appetite infections. Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea or Headache
