Times have changed! SNAPSHOT isan Ey computer gars, high- ‘definition TV (HD games and virtuat ‘and 3-D movies reality movies? sel-civen cars, GPS Entertainment —|—_ratio and movies Transportation Petia bideuntes ail shoes, and time Oceanline’s | trains, and spacecaft patel toe moscgi oll phone implants, Communications | ‘etelephone and | igeophones,and {a sensory Internet and thepostal system | Socafnetwotking | 3-Dsodainetworking? Which of these past ond present developments are the most important? Why? Do you think any of the fulure developments could hoppen in your lifeline? Can you think of two other developments that could happen in the Future? 2 | CONVERSATION That's progress! A © Listen and practice. Tanya: This neighborhood sure has changed! Matt: | know. A few years ago, not many people lived here. But the population is growing so fast these days. Tanya: Remember how we used to rent videotapes at that little video store? Matt: Yeah. Now it’s 2 multiplex cinema. Tanya: And I hear they're tearing down our high school. They're going to build a shopping mall. Soon, there will be just malls and parking lots. Matt: That's because everyone has a carr! Fifty years ago, people walked everywhere. Nowadays, they drive. Tanya: That's progress | guess. B © Lsten to the rest of the conversation, What else has changed in their neighborhood? 58 www.irlanguage.comLito) Future ‘A few years ego, not meny These days, the population Soon, there will be apartment people lived hero. is growing so fost. blocks everywhere. People used to rent Today, people download Ina few years, movie theaters videotopes. movies online. ight not exist. Fifty years ago, people Nowadays, people drive their People are going to have walked everywhere. cars instead. selfdriven cars in the future. ‘A Complete the sentences in column A with the appropriate information from column B. Then compare with a partner. A B 1. About 60 years ago, ...F ‘a. people used to shop at small grocery stores. 2. Before the automobile, b. pollution is becoming a serious problem. 3. Before there were supermarkets, . students are learning with interactive whiteboards. 4, Inmost offices these days, . people didn't travelas much from city to city. 5. In many cities nowadays, , there will probably be cities in space. 6. Inmany classrooms today, {. people work more tian 40 hours a week. 7. Inthe next 100 years, . doctors might find a cure for the common cold. 8. Sometime in the near future, fh. many TV shows were in black and white. B Complete four of the phrases in part A, column A, with your own ideas. Then compare with a partner. é B PRONUNCIATION Intonation in statements with time phrases A © Listen and practice Notice the intonation in, these statements beginning with a time phrase. = ~s In the past, very few people used computers. time’ ode, people use computers all the time, om In the future, there will be a computer in every home. B PAIRWORK Complete these statements with your ‘own information. Then read your statements to a partner. Pay attention to intonation. Asa child, lused to. These days,... Five years ago, |... In five years, 1 Nowadays, |. Inten years, | might... Times have changed! = 59 www.irlanguage.comLISTENING For better or for worse ‘A © Listen to people discuss changes. Check (/) the topic each person talks about. 1. ©) population ©) environment 2. © transportation © cities 3. Gfomilies © shopping 000 ooo B © Listen again. Write down the change and check (¥) if things are better or worse now. a SPEAKING Changing times GROUP WORK How have things changed? How will things be different in the future? Choose four of these topics. Then discuss the questions below. education fashion shopping entertainment food sports environment housing technology What was it like in the past? What is it like today? What will it be like In the future? : In the past, people listened to sports on the radio. B: Nowadays, they can watch sports on HDTVs, too. G Inthe future, WRITING A description of a person A PAIR WORK Interview your partner about his or her past, present, and hopes for the future. B Write a paragraph describing how your partner has changed. Make some predictions about the future. Don't write your partner's name. This person moved to our school several years ago. ‘She used to be the quietest girl in the class. Now, she's in the drama club and loves to watch soap operas. ‘Someday, she'll be a successful actress, She'll be famous. ‘She'll star in movies and on TV. I think she'll... C CLASS ACTIVITY Read your paragraph to the class. Can they guess who it is about? 60 = Unit 9 www.irlanguage.com(perspectives Take the good th the bad. A. © Listen to some possible consequences of getting a high-paying Job. Check (V) the statements you agree with. ee be ale bay you'll be able travel first cla you might have to pay higher tax a beroela endocrine gem " tore people may want to be your friend, vmun YOU may get your own office. you won't hove as much siess in your life people will ak you for a loan you'll have a lot more free time. B PAIR WORK Look at the statements again. Which are advantages of gettin a high-paying job? Which are disadvantages? “The first one is an advantage. Everyone would like to have more money!” Edcrammar FOCUS errr urea ao) Possible situation (present) Consequence (future with will, may, or might) If you get « high poyirg job, you'll have more cash to spend If you have more cash to spend, you'll be able to buy onything you want If you ean buy anything you want, you won't save your money. If you don’t save your money, you may need another job A Match the if clauses in column A with the appropriate consequences from column B. Then compare with a partner. A B 1. Ifyou eat less sugar, ‘a. youll be able to experience a new culture. 2. Ifyou walk to work every day, bb. you might feel a lot healthier. 3. Ifyou don't get enough sleep, . you'll stay in shape without joining a gym. 4, If you change jobs, d. you'll have more money to spend on yourself. 5. Ifyou don't get married, €. you won't be able to stay awake in class. 6. Ifyou travel abroad, f. you may not like it better than your old one. BB Add your own consequences to the ifclauses in column A. Then practice with a partner. “nf you eat less sugar, youll lose weight” Times have changed! = 61 www.irlanguage.comwo wi (Bw WORD POWER Consequences - A PAIRWORK Can you find two consequences for each possible situation? Complete the chart with information from the lst. communicate ina different language a _ earn your own spendirg money ales dation sa CORMOUIOE icanas ‘experiance cultura shack feel jealous sometimes fallin love get in shape get into a good college getmmariied get e portiime job get valuable work experience improve your grades pay membership dues join a gym move toa | foreign country | study very hard B GROUP WORK Share your answers with the group. Can you think of rhe more consequence foreach event? or sequence fore eX woeonoes SPEAKING Unexpected consequences A GROUP WORK Choose three possible events from Exercise 10. One student completes an event with a consequence. The next student adds a consequence. Suggest atleast five consequences. A Ifyou study very hard, you'll improve your grades. 8: If you improve your grades, you'll get into a good school. G Ifyou get into a good school, you may get a good job. D: If you get 2 good job, you'll make a lot of money. Ifyou make a lot of money, you may have more stress. B CLASS ACTIVITY Who has the most interesting consequences for each event? ‘CHANGE 9 Consider the consequences Give your opinion about some issues. Go to interchange 9 on page 123. 62 = Unit 9 www.irlanguage.com> Are you in LOVE? ~& Greig Se ice Siesta are ered eae ‘You think you're falling in love. You're really attracted to.a certain person. Bu: this has happened before, end it ‘was just a “crush.” How can ‘you tel if ts real this time? Here’s what our readers said: If you're falling in love, ... ¥ you'll find yourself ialking to, calling, or texting the person for no reason. (You might pretend there’s a reason, but often there's not.) ¥ you'll find yourself bringing this person into every conversation. (“When I wwas in Mexico "a friend begins. You interrupt with, “My boyfriend made 2 great Mexican dinner last week.”) OK, so you've fallen in + love. But falling in love is one thing, and staying in love is another. How ‘can you tell, as time passes, that you're still in love? Ifyou stay in love, your relationship will change. You might not talk as such about the person ‘you are in love with. You right not call him or her so often. But this person will nevertheless become ‘more and more important in your life ‘You'll find that you can be yourself with this person. When you first fell in love, 'v you might suddenly be interested in ‘you were probably afraid to admit certain things you used to avoid. (“When a woman things about you-self, But now you can be asks me to tell her all about football, Iknow totally honest. You can trust him or her t0 she's fallen in love,” said a TV sports accept you just as you are. Falling in love announcer.) is great siaying in love is even better! A Read the article. Where do you think it is from? Check (7) the correct answer. Danonline news service ) amagazine ©) anadvicecolumm — ©) an advertisement B What things happen when you're falling in love compared with stayng in love? Complete the chart. (C PAIR WORK Which do you think is more difficult - falling in love o” staying in love? Can you think of other signs of being in love? Times have changed! = 63 www.irlanguage.coma a . UW) | hate working on weekends. SNAPSHOT EIGHT IMPORTANT JOB SKILLS 2S Here are some questions that employers might ask about your skill } 1, Can you usea computer? ) 2. Can you manage other people? _) 3. Are you good at public 7. Doyou work well with — speaking? people? 4, Can you teach others how to 8.Do you speak other do things? languages? Seve US Dona te Which of these skills do you think are most important? Why? Check () the skill that you think you have. Look at the skils you checked. What jobs do you think you might be gcod at? @jconversation Ineedajob! A @ Listen and practice. Dan: I'm so broke. really need to find a job! Brad: So do |. Do you see anything good listed? Dan: How about this telephone sales job? You call people and ty to sell them magazines. Brad: That sounds boring. And anyway, Im not very good at selling Dan: Well | am! I might check that one out. Oh, here's one for you. An assistant entertainment director on a cruise ship. Brad: That sounds like fun. | love traveling, and I've never been on a cruise ship. Dan: It says here you have to work every day While the ship is at sea. Brad: That's OK. | don’t mind working long hours If the pay is good. | think I'll apply for it. B @ Listen to Brad's shone call. What else does the job require? www.irlanguage.comcrammar FOCUS Gerunds: short responses © Affirmative statements with gerunds Agree Hove traveling. So dol. don't Uhate working on weekends. So dol Really? | like it Vm good at using o computer. So.am | ‘Oh, 'mnot, Negative statements with gerunds I don’t mind working long hours. Neither dol. do. I'm not good at selling. Neither am |. Well, | am. can’t stand commuting. Neither can I. Oh, | don't mind. ‘A PAIR WORK Match the phrases in columns A and B to make statements about yourself. hen take turns reading your sentences and giving short responses. A B 1. Thate a, talking on the phone. 2. I'm not very good at bb. working with a group or team. 3. mgood at . solving other people's problems. 4. Idontelike 4. sitting in long meetings. . Ican't stand €. working on weekends. 6. I'm interested in {. eating lunch out every day. 7. don't mind g. managing my time. 8. Lenjoy h. learning foreign languages. hate working on weekends. 0 dol. B GROUP WORK Complete the phrases in column A with your own information. Then take turns reading your statements. Ask questions to get more information. @ RONUNCIATION Unreleased and released /t/ and /d/ A @ Listen and practice. Notice that when the sound /t/ o /d/ at the end of a word is followed by a consonant, it’s unreleased. When itis followed bya vowel sound, it's released. Unreleased Released She's not good at math and science. He's not a good artist. | hate working on Sundays. They really hate jt! You need to manage money well Ineeda cup of coffee. B PAIR WORK Write three sentences starting with 'm not very good at and [don't mind. Then practice the sentences. Pay attention to the unreleased and released sounds /t/ and /d/. I hate working on weekends. = 65 www.irlanguage.com(sreanine The right. job A. PAIRWORK How-does your partner feel about doing these things? Interview your partner. Check (/) his or her answers. AC i csking for help Using @ computer leading a team traveling | creating spreadsheets | talking on the phone working with people meeting deadlines working on the weekend managing money telling people what to do working with numbers public speaking ooooo0c000009 ooooo0c000000 oocoo0c000000 J B PAIK WORK Look back at the information in part A. Suggest a job for your partner. "You enjoy creating spreadsheets and working with numbers. And you don’t mind managing money. | think you'd be a good accountant!’ (Quustenne Job hunting 7 A © Listen to people talk about the kind of work they are looking for. Check (7) the job that would be best for each person. 1. Bil 2. Shannon 3. Ben O flight attendant D lawyer O marine bioogist O teacher Q bookkeeper O model O songwriter O doctor O architect B © Listen again. Answer these questions. 1. What kind of job is Bill not interested in? : 2. What is his attitude toward making money? - 3. What do Shannon's family members do for a living? 4, What does she want to do before she gets a job? z 5. What has Ben done to break into movies? 6. What does he show the interviewer? (dintercuance 10 Dream job Decide which job to apply for. Go to Interchange 10 on page 124. 66 ® Unit 10 www.irlanguage.coma WORD POWER Personality traits A Which of these adjectives are positive (P)? Which are negative (N)? r creative impatient critical levelheaded disorganized moody efficient punctual forgetful réicble generous shorttempered hardworking shict B pair WORK Tell your partner about people you know with these personality traits. “My neighbor is short-tempered. Sometimes he...” C © Listen to four conversations. Then check (7) the adjective that best describes each person. 1. aboss 2. aco-worker 3. ateacher 4, arelative O creative ~ Quntnenay ©) mooay D short-tempered D forgetful Ogenerous © patient O disorganized O serious O strange O hardworking reliable (perspectives Job profiles A. © Listen to these people answer the question, “What kind of work would you like to do?” What job does each person talk about? ee — / | | | Coeee ar j een aal eur Tacs ean B PAIR WORK Look at the interviews again. Who are you most like? least like? Why? I hate working on weekends. * 67 www.irlanguage.com(crammar rocus The word because introduces a cause or reason. ''d moke a good jeurnclist because I’m good at writing. | could be o teacher because I’m very creative, | wouldn't want to 52 a teacher because I’m very impatient. | could never be a stockbroker because | can’t make decisions quickly. ‘A. Complete the sentences in column A with appropriate information from column B. Then compare with a partner. A B 1. wouldn't want to be a nurse a. because | don't like hospitals. 2. Id like to be a novelist b. because really enjoy traveling. 3. Icould never be anaccountant <. because | have a terrible memory. 4. would make a bad waiter d. because I get seasick very easily. 5. Icould bea flight attendant €. because | love creative writing. 6. Id never work on acruise ship f. because I'm terrible with numbers. B GROUP WORK Think about your personal quelities and skills Then complete these statements. Take turns discussing them with your group. I could never bea... because. Id make a good... because ... | wouldn't mind working as a... because The best job for me is... because. w@ WRITING A cover letter for a job application A Imagine you are applying for one of the jobs in this unit. Write a short cover letter for ajob application, Mr. Yoshioka Personnel Director Executive Airlines | Dear Mr. Yoshioka, | 1am responding to your recent advertisement in The Post for a bilingual intemational flight attendant. I think I'd make a good flight attendant for Executive Air Lines because I’m a very friendly person and | really love traveling. I also enjoy meeting people. As you can see from my résumé, I've had a lot of experience working with tourists. I worked at .. BB PAIR WORK Exchange papers. If you received this letter, would you invite the applicant fora job interview? Why or why not? 68 = Unit 10 www.irlanguage.com( F READING ~ Find the Job That's Right for You! Took at the photo and skim the list of per ae flea as eet ea nuer eea pesaretty One, ‘The Reatistic type is practical and likes working ‘wit machines and tools. + About half ofall workers in the United States have jobs they arent happy with Don't letthis happen to you! you want find eevee ncater a the right jab, don't rush to bok = Wes ee a aihe through jobads onthe Inte. eee eee S Instead, sit down and think about eroBie es ‘yourself. What kind of person are ‘The Artistic type you? What makes you happy? is imaginative and likes to ee express ideas by creating art. John Holland, there are six types ‘The Social type of personalities. Nobody is just one is friendly and likes helping ‘personality type, but most Jeople are mainly one type. For each type, ‘or training other people. 1 ol tupac hanno ae ches ete prchetly mene : je outgoing and likes ta ‘3 Considering your personality type can help you make the right job persuade or lead other decision, Liz is a good example. Liz knew she wanted to do something people. forchilren. he thought sv coud help chien as a schoo! counselor ‘or a lawyer. She took counseling and law courses — and hated them. ‘The: ee ‘After talking to a career ccunselor, she realized that she's an Artistic oom a ‘ype. Liz studied film, and she now produces children's TV shows — routines and keep and ioves it. ‘track of details. A. Read the article. Then find these sentences in the article. Is each sentence the ‘main idea or a supporting idea in that paragraph? Check (¥) the correct boxes. 1. About half ofall workers... they oren't happy with. (por. 1) 2. According to psychologist... types of personalities. (por. 2) 3. For each type, there aie ... that are probably wrong. (par. 2} 4A. Considering your personality... the right job decision. (por. 3) 5. Alter talking to @ career counselor, . .. an Artistic type. (per. 3} 00000 00000 B For each personality type, write two examples of appropriate jobs. ‘Then explain your answers toa partner. C Group WORK What personality type do you think you are? Does your group agree? I hate working on weekends. * 69 www.irlanguage.comUnits 9-10 Progress check — SELF-ASSESSMENT How well can you do these things? Check (¥) the boxes. Describe people and things in the past, present, and future (Ex. 1) Describe possible consequences of actions (Ex. 2} Understand descriptions of abilities and personalities (Ex. 3, 4) ‘Ask and answer questions about preferences and skils (Ex. 4) | Give reasons for my opinions (Ex. 4) 9 9 Q oO go @ o 8 Oo O oooo0o (sreaxinc Past, present, and future A PAIR WORK Think of one more question tor each category. Then interview a partner. Appearance ‘What did you use to look like? Can you describe yourself now? What do you think you'll ook like in the future? Freetime Did you have a hobby as a child? What do you like to do these days? How are you going to spend your free time next year? B GROUP WORK Share one interesting thing about your partner. GAME Truth and consequences © you move to « foreign country O byy you a gift i's sunny tomorrow O feel jealous sometimes 7 O its cold tomorrow © communicate in @ new language you give me $10 © goto the beach you don’t call me later O get really angry language B you fallin love a slay home witenoree B a B CLAass ACTIVITY Go around the class and make sentences. Check (7) each if clause after you use it. The student who uses the most clauses correctly wins. “if you move to a foreign country, you'll learn to... www.irlanguage.comEQustenne coodor baa? A @ Listen to Louisa and Tim discuss four jobs. Write down the jobs ‘and check (/) ifthey would be good or bad at them B © Listen again. What reasons do they give? GQorscussion Job profile ; A Prepare a personal job profile. Write your name, skills, and job preferences. about the questions below. Then compare with a partner. ‘Are you good at... ? Doyou...? Do you mind . communicating with people have ony special skills traveling solving problems have ony experience working with a team making decisions quickly have « good memory weoring o uniform speaking foreign languages manage money well working long hours A: Are you good at communicating with people? B: Sure. l enjoy talking to people. A: So do |. like meeting new people and... B GROUP WORK Make suggestions for possible jobs based on your classmates'job profiles. Give reasons for your opinions. What do you think of their suggestions for you? ‘A; Juan would be a good executive because he likes solving problems and making decisions quickly. lo way! | could never be an executive. Im too disorganized! WHAT'S NEXT? Look at your Self-assessment again. Do you need to review anything? Units 9-10 Progress check = 71 www.irlanguage.com2 ) PERSPECTIVES The Empire State Bui It’s really worth seeing! SNAPSHOT “ue sae recs wu ik Which of these wonders do you think is the most omozing? Why? What other modern worders do you know about? What are they? Where are they? What modern wonders are in your country? How much do you know about the Empire State Building? Check (7) the statements you think are true. 1. Htwas desgned by on American architec. 2 Is in New York Gy. (C 3.Htwas officially opened by the president of the United States in 1931. 44 Itook five years to build C)5.Heost $2 milion to build. C66. There ore 102 Floors inthe building (C7. There ore colored lights atthe top. 8. Wis the oles bung inthe world, © Now listen and check your answers. What information is the most surprising? www.irlanguage.comlead GRAMMAR FOCUS [eek a The passive changes the focus of a sentence. For the simple past, use the past of be + past participle. Active Passive The president opened the building in 1931. It was opened by the president in 1931 ‘An Americon architect designed the building. _it was designed by an American architect In 1964, the building's owners added Colored lights were added to the top by colored lights fo the top. the building's owners in 1964. ‘A Complete the sentences with the simple past passive form of the verbs. Then compare with a partner. 1, The 2010 World Cup final (win) by Spain. 2. The film Avatar (direc) by James Cameron. | 3. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn | (write) by Mark Twain. \ 4, The songs"Revolution’ and“Hey Jude” | (record) by the Beatles in 1968. | 5. The Stary Night (paint) by incent van Gogh. 6. The Shanghai Grand Theater (design) by French architect Jean-Marie Charpentier. 7. The opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics (see) by billions of people. 8, In the 2007 film /’m Not There, the American musician Bob Dylan (play) by six different people, including Australian actress Cate Blanchett. B PAIR WORK Change these sentences into passive sentences with by. ‘Then take turns reading them aloud. 1. Sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi designed the Statue of Liberty in 1884. 2. Daniel Day-Lewis played Abraham Lincoln in the 2012 film Lincoln. 3. Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote the book One Hundred Years of Solitude in 1971. 4, Woo Paik produced the first digital HDTV in 1991. 5. J. Rowling wrote the first Harry Potter book on an old manual typewriter. 6. Empire magazine readers chose The Godfather as the greatest film ofall time. a INTERCHANGE 11 Who is this by? Who created these well-known works? Go to Interchange 11 on page 125. It's really worth seeing! ® 73 www.irlanguage.comPRONUNCIATION The letter o A © Listen and practice. Notice how the letter o is pronounced inthe following words fal Jou! Jul Int not no do one top dort food love B © Howis the letter 0 pronounced in these words? Write them in the correct column in part A. Then listen and check your answers. come done lock = own shot.» soon.) who. wrote LISTENING Who built them? © Listen to three tour guides describe some very old monuments. ‘Take notes to answer the questions below. Then compare with a par:ner. the pyramids the Great Wall of China —— Who built them? How big is the city? Why was it built? Why were they built? When was it discovered? How long is it? WORD POW A Complete the chart Then add one more word to each category. cattle oysters Yocom sheep electronics. shrimp goats soybeans W lobsters textiles microchips wheat B GROUP WORK Tak about things that are found in your country. “"We grow soybeans. We also manufacture car 74 Unit 11 www.irlanguage.comCONVERSATION | need some information. A @ Listen and practice. Kelly: Hello? John: Oh, hello. need sameinformation. What currency is used in the European Union? Kelly: Where? John: The European Union. Kelly: | think the euro is used in most of Europe. John: Oh, right. And is English spoken much there? Kelly: | really have no idea. John: Huh? Well, what about credit cards? Are they accepted everywhere? Kelly: How would | know? John: Well, you're a travel agent, aren't you? Kelly: What? This isa hair salon. You have the wrong number! B PAIR WORK Use information about a country you know to act out the conversation. (dcrammar Focus Passive without by (simple presen For the simple present, use the present of be + past participle. in Passive Active They use the euro in mos of Europe. The euro is used in most of Europe. They speak English in many European countries. English is speken in many European countries They manufacture o lo’ of cars in Europe. Alot of cars are mani in Europe. A Complete this passage using the simple present passive form. Many crops (grow) in Taiwan. Some crops (consume) locally, but others (export).Tea (grew) in cooler parts of the island, and rice (cultivate) in warmer parts. Fishing is also an important industry. A wide variety of seafood (catch) and (ship) all over the world. Many people (employ) in the electronics and textile industries as well. B Complete the sentences. Use the passive of these verbs. grow makeup menufacture raise speak use 1. French and English inCanada. _4. Alotof sheep .. in New Zealand. 2. Alotofrice in Vietnam. 5. Cars and computers in Korea. 3. The US. of 50 states. 6. The US. dollar in Ecuador. C PAIR WORK Use the passive of the verbs in part B to talk about your country and other countries you know. It’s really worth seeing! = 75 www.irlanguage.com(Qustening colombia A © Listen toa short talk about Colombia, Bogoté, Colombia Complete the chart = Lecetion Population Language Industries Agricultural products B © Listen again. check (/) the things the speaker mentions abcut Colombia. beaches © vokanoes () snow-capped mountains Orrivers 0) lakes O hot lowland plains SPEAKING Guess the countr) A PAIR WORK Choose a country. Then answer these questions. Where is it located? What currency is used? What cities are found there? What famous tourist attracton is found there? ‘What languages are spoken? What products are exported? B CLASS ACTIVITY Give a short talk like the one in Exercise 10 about the country ‘you chose. Don't say the country's name. Can the class guess the ccuntry? (BB wamting A guidebook introduction A Make an information chart like the one in Exercise 10 about a country you know. Then write an introduction for @ guidebook about the country. Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia. It has a population of over 90 million people. Vietnamese is the official language. The country has many beautiful beaches, high mountains, and busy cities. Rice is grown in. B Group Work Exchange papers. s any important information missing? Ask questions to find out more. 76* Unit 17 www.irlanguage.com(Ereavinc AGuide to Museums Took at the pictures and scan the article. Where do you think you can see very old objects? a working factory? historic cooking tools? 1 Have you been to the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, ‘or any of those other “must see” museums? Well, now it’s time to go off the beaten path, The Kimchi Museum ‘The Museum of Gold ‘The Chocolate Museum Seoul, South Korea ‘Bogoté, Colombia Cologne, Germany Ifyou don’t know about kimchi, 2 3 If you want to see beautiful 4 The Chocolate Museum wil teach trip tothe Kimchi Museum isan eye- objects, the Museum of Gold is you everything about chocolate ~ ‘opening experience. The museum the place. holds one of South fiom cocoa bean to candy bars. ‘was founded in 1986 to highight America's most stunning Youll lean about chocoate's South Korea's rich Kimchi cuture. _collarinns Recause the exhibits __3,000-year history and discover, ‘The exhibit includes displays of sparkle so brightly, you can how itwas once used as money cooking utensils and materiels ‘actualy take photographs without in South America. Areal chocolate related t making, storing, and eating using flash on yourcamera! Not _‘factory shows you how chocolate the famous pickled vegetables. The everything is made of gold, ‘smade. After you've finished the museum also provides detail about though. Among the exhibits are tour, you can sample 2 the history and nutritional benefts ancient pre-Columbian items. complimentary drink of rich. gooey ‘of South Korea's most beloved side Many of them are made from a ure chocolate — perfect for those dish. Finally, stop by the souvenir mixture of old and copper known _with a sweet tooth. shop to try various types of cimchl, as tumbaga. A Read the article. Find the words in italics below in the article. Then circle the meaning of each word or phrase. When you go off the beaten path, you do something unusual / go somewhere far away. When something is founded, itis started / discovered. When something is stunnina, itis extremely attractive /large. . When something is ancent, itis very old / common. When something is complimentary, itis free of charge / very expensive. . When something is gooey, itis light and refreshing / thick and sticky. oupene BB where do these sentences belong? Write the number of the paragraph where each sentence could go. a. Don't forget to buy your favorite kind to bring home for dinner! b. Did you know that it wasn't popular in Europe until the nineteenth century? ‘c. The museum also features coins, jewelry, and pieces of rare art. d. There are some museums that try to bea litte different. (C PAIRWORK Which of these museums would you most like to visit? Why? It's really worth seeing! = 77 www.irlanguage.comA | Where did the ideas for these “accidental inventions” come from? The,Popsicie Post-itNotes, 11905, 11-year-old Frank Epperson In 1970 Spencer Silver tried to invent wanted to make anew scft drink. He ‘pew glu, butt was very weak. No ‘mined the ingredients with a stick, but ‘one wanted to ue it, Four years late, ‘he eft the soda outside renight. The $ico-worer Artur Fy pt the he ‘ext morning he found it frozen with ‘the stick inside. Which of these accidental inventions do you think is the most interesting? the most useful? Do you know of any other things that were invented accidentally? eal PERSPECTIVES It happened to me! A © Listen to what happened to these people. Check (V) the things that have happened to you. B choose one statement that you checked. What happened next? “Irecharged my cell phone and called my friend back” 78 www.irlanguage.comEdsrammar FOCUS eran eRe kOe Use the past continuous for an action in progress in the past. Use the simple past for an action that interrupts it. Iwas warching « good movie, _bu! I fell asleep before the ene. | was talking to my friend ‘when my cell phone died. While |was shopping one day, _a celebrity wallked into the store. A complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner. 1. My brother (snowboard) when he (break) his leg in several places. 2. Several years ago, | (have) problems with math, so! (find) a tutor to help me. 3. The couple (have) their first child while they (ive) in a tiny apartment. 4. While | (drive) in ireland a few years ago, | (realize) | was on the ‘wrong side of the road! 5. Ulrike (read) a good book, but someone {tell) her the ending. 6. While we (cook) dinner last night, the phone é (ring) three times and then (stop), 7. My parents (meet) each other while they (work) at the same restaurant in Vancouver. BB Complete these statements with interesting information about yourself, Use the simple past or the past continuous. While | was going home one day, ... . | was doing my homework when . I was talking to my friend when .. Last month, . Two years ago, C PAIR WORK Take turns reading your sentences from part B. ‘Then ask and answer follow-up questions. ‘A: While | was going home one day, found a lost kitten. B: Oh, no! What was it doing? A I think it was looking for its mother. Ithad a tag, so | called its owner. What happened? = 79 www.irlanguage.comGgustenne Lucky breaks AG Listen to these stories about lucky breaks. What were the people doing before they got their lucky breaks? What were their lucky breaks? 1. Yong Zhifo | 2. Gwyneth Poltrow B @ Listen again, How did the events change thelr lives? Terracotta warriors. (GA woro power storytetiing A Some adverbs are cften used in storytelling to emphasize that something interesting is about to happen. Which of these adverbs are positive (P)? Which are negative (N)? Which could be either (E)? coincidentally strangely fortunately suddenly luckily surprisingly miraculously unexpectedly unfortunately sodly B PAIR WORK Complete these statements with adverbs from part A tomake up creative sentences. was walking down the street when, Itstarted out as anormal day, but, We were on our way tothe party when, . A: | was walking down the street when, unexpectedly, I saw a celebrity! B: Or, |was walking down the street when, suddenly, Hooked down and found $20! WRITING A recent event A. wrt a short story about something that happened to you recently. Try to include some of the adverbs from Exercise 5. Twas visiting the coast last year when, unexpectedly, I got a chance to go kaycking, Fortunately. it was a perfect day, and T was having a great time. The water was calm, and I was beginning to feel a little tired when, suddenly, B GROUP WORK Take turns reading your stories. Answer any questions from the group. 80 = Unit 12 www.irlanguage.comONVERSATION What have you been doing? A © Listen and practice. Pete: Hey, Ginal | haven't seen you in ages. What have you been doing lately? Gina: Nothing exciting. I've been working two jobs for the last six months, : How come? 'm saving up money for a trip to Morocco. Well, that’s exciting, Yeah, itis, What about you? : Well I've only been spending money. 'm pursuing a full-time modeling career. : Really? How long have you been modeling? Since | graduated. But | haven't been getting any ‘work lately. Ineed a job soon. 'm almost out of money! B © Listen to two otherpeople atthe party. What has happened since they last sew each other? (Gjcrammar Focus Use the present perfect continuous for actions that start in the past and continue into the present. ‘What have you been doing laiely? I've been working two jobs for the lost six months. How long have you been modeling? I've been modeling since | graduated. Have you been saving money? No, |haven’t been saving money. |'ve been spen A Complete the conversations with the present perfect continuous. 1. A: What you (do) lately? B: Well, (spend) my free time at the beach. 2h you (work) part-time this year? Yes, | have. (make) sandwiches at the Lunch Time Café for the past few months. 3. A: How you (feel) recertly? B: Great! (get) alot of sleep. And! (not drink) as much coffee since | stopped working at the coffee srop. Ak you (get) enough exercise lately? B: No, haven't. | (study) a lot for a big exam. B PAIR WORK Read the conversations in part A together. Then read them again and answer the questions with your own information. ‘A: What have you been doing lately? B: I've been listenina to alot of classical music, It helps me study. What happened? = 81 www.irlanguage.com(pronunciation Contrastive stress in responses A © Listen and practice. Notice how the stress changes to emphasize a contrast. A: Has your brother been studying German? A: Have you bee teaching French? i) B: No, I've been studying German, B: No, I've been studying French. B © Mark the stress changes in these conversations. Listen and check. Then practice the conversations. ‘A: Have you been studying for ten years? ‘A: Have you been studying at school? B: No, Ive been studying for two years. B: No, I've been studying at home. PEAKING Tell me about GROUP WORK Add three questions to this list. Then take turns asking and answering the questions. Remember to ask for further information. Have you been. taking any lessons lately? working out learning a new hobby | Really? working long hours | didn’t know that! reading any good books | Obl playing any cool video games Thad no traveling Wow! Tell me more. staying up late A: Have you been taking any lessons lately? B: Yes, Ihave. 've been taking driving lessons C: Really? How’s that going? B: Great!| think I'm becoming , > anexcellent driver. " (idivrercuance 12 Life is like a game! Play a board game. Geto Interchange 12.0n page 126. 82 ® Unit 12 www.irlanguage.comTee is a group of musicians from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). They live on the streets ofthe city. The four original roup members are all disabled ‘and move around on homemade tricycies. The group was founded by guitar players Papa Ricky Likabu and Coco [Ngambal. Other musicians refused to play with them because they couldn't dance. Later, astreet kid, Roger Land, joined them. He made his own musical instrument from a fish can, a piece of wood, and one guitar string ~ nothing more. “The group's music is classic Congolese rumba mixed with reggae and rhythm 'n’ blues. Their lyrics contain a message to ‘Street people and disabled people: Be very strong, Papa Ficky believes that the only real handicaps are in the ‘mind, not the body. He says the group's main musical influances come from the street: "We sleep there, eat there, rehearse there.” They also play there. Every evening, the Group perform in front of an audience near Kinshasa Zoo. In 2004, two French filmmakers were working in the DRC when, by chanoe, they heard Staff Benda Bilis music. Iney iovea rt so much that they spent the next five years makng a documentary fim about the group. In 2009, Staff Benda Bill's frst CD was released. I's called Tres Ts Fort, which means “very very strong.” The group won the WOMEX (World Music Expo) Artist Award. Then, in20%0, the ‘documentary Benda Bll! was screened at the Cannes Film Festival, | ‘and the group played on the opening right. =: Stat Bonde Bill wants o use its workide success to race awareness | abou tho problems of soot people in Kinshasa and around the Word. — AA Read the article. Find the word: with its meaning. italics below in the article, Then match each word 1. disabled a. unexpectedly 2. byrics b. make people think 3. handicaps . things that make it hard to do what you want 4. rehearse d. words of a song 5. bychance €. unable to walk or move easily 6. raiseawareness _f._ practice before performing in front of an audience B Answer these questions. Then compare with a partner, 1. Where do the members of Staff Benda Bill live? 2. Why do they use tricycles? 3, What kind of music do they play? 4, How did they become famous? 5. What message do they want to tell the world? (C PAIR WORK Discuss people you know who had a lot of problems and then became very successful. What happened? = 83 www.irlanguage.com© Units 11-12 Progress check SELF-ASSESSMENT How well can you do these things? Check (¥) the boxes. Give information abost books, movies, songs, ete. (Ex. 1) Understand information about countries (Ex. 2) Describe a situation (Ex. 3) ‘Ask and answer quesions about past events (Ex. 4, 5) ‘Ask and answer quesions about recent activites (Ex. 5) 00000 00000 00000 (jsreanine Right or wrong? A. List six books, movies, songs, albums, or other popular works. ‘Then write one who question for each of the six items. B PAIR WORK Take turns asking your questions. Use the passive with by to answer. ‘A: Who played Wolverine in the X-Men movies? B: | think Wolverine wes played by Hugh Jackman, Qusrenne Facts about Spain A. @ Listen to people on a game show answer questions about Spain. What are the answers? Complete the chart. 1, Curreney, 4. A populer sport 2. Country tothe west 5. Two main crops 3. Copital 6. Two indusies J} B © Listen again. Keep score. How much money does each contestant have? www.irlanguage.come GAME Sentence-making competition GROUP WORK Use the passive to write details about these situations. ‘Then compare with the class. Which group wrote the most sentences? Your roommate cleaned ‘There was a big storm Someone broke into your the apartment. yesterday. house last night. ‘A fansode anling Hes been stolen from 21 Ccccccccece Where were you last local museum. It disappecred last Sunday afternoon between 12 p.m. and 4 Px. Sunday? id you eat lunch? Who Student A: Student B suspects you stole the painting. was with you? Make up an alii. Take notes on what you were axtwere: oui doing that day. Then answer Student B's questions. ye day? ee ‘Student B: You are a police detective. You think Student A What were you doing stole the painting. Add two questions to the betweeninoon and 4 p.m? notebook. Then ask Student A the questions. Was anyone with you? Change roles and try the role play again. (Qoscussion Really? How interesting. (A GROUP WORK Whatinteresting things can you find out about your ‘classmates? Ask these questions and athers of your own. Have you been doing anything exciting recently? ‘Are you studying anything right now? How long have you been studying it? Have you met anyone interesting lately? Really? | didn't know that! Who is your bestfriend? How did you meet? Oh, | see. Where were you living ten years ago? Did you | had no idea. like it there? What do you remember about it? [Wee Tolimeitons B CLASSACTIVITY Tell the class the most interesting thing you leamed. WHAT'S NEXT? Look at your Self-assessment again. Do you need to review anything? Units 11-12 Progress check ® 85 www.irlanguage.como Good book, terrible movie! _ SNAPSHOT Sow: wun Which of the movie via do you find mos interesting? Do you know any other movie trivia? Which of the movies have you seen? Did you enjoy them? (conversation what's playing? anguage Ae Roger: Carol: Roger: Carol: Roger: Carol: Roger: Carol: Roger: B@ happens next? What do they decide to do? 86 Listen and practice. Do you want to see a movie tonight? Hmm. Maybe. What's plavina? How about the new Star Trek film? | hear it's really exciting, ‘Actually, the last one was boring. What about the movie based on Stephen King’s new novel? | don't know. His books are usually fascinating, but | dont like horror movies. Well, what do you want to see? ''m interested in the new Sandra Bullock movie. It looks good. That's fine with me. She's a wonderful actress. Listen to the restof the conversation. What ‘Sandra Bullock = www.irlanguage.comeB GRAMMAR FOCUS eae eee eek) Present participles Past participles Stephen King's books are fascinating, _'m fascinated by Stephen King’s books. The last Stor Trek film was boring, | was bored by the last StarTrek fim The new Sandra Bullock movie \'m interested in the new Sandra sounds interesting. Bullock movie. A Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner, 1, Matt Damon is an actor. (amaze) 2. [find animated films (amuse) 3. fmnot in science fiction movies. (interest) 4, tm by watching television, (bore) 5. The final Twilight book was (excite) 6 tm by JRA. Tolkien's novels. fascinate) 7. Its that horror movies are so popular. (surprise) [Matt Damon =~ B PAIRWORK Completethe description below with the correct form of these words. amaze annoy confuse disgust ‘embarrass shock [hada terrible time at the movies last weekend. First, my ticket cost $15.| was really bby the price. By mistake, | gave the cashier two $5 bills instead of aten anda five. | was a little «Then there was trash all over the theater. The mess was The people behind me were talking during the movie, which was «The story was hard to follow. | always find thrillers so «lliked the special effects, though. They were 1 WORD POWER ©, A PAIR WORK Complete the chart with synonyms from the list. ns absurd dumb marvelous silly bizarre fabulous odd terrible disgusting fantastic outstanding unusual dreadful horrible ridiculous weird B GROUP WORK Share your opinions about a movie, an actor, anactress, a TV show, and a book. Use words from part A. Good book, terrible movie! = 87 www.irlanguage.comJSTENING How did you like it? A © Listen to people talk about books, movies, and TV programs.Which ones do you think they would recommend? B © Listen again. check (V) the adjective that best describes what the people say about each one. 1.Q fascinating 2. wonderful 3. Q)boring 4 B ridiculous | Osilly Qedd Orerrific interesting | D strange O boring O dreadful Oexiting | (Gprowunciation Emphatic stress A © Listen and practice. Notice how stress and a higher pitch are used to express strong opinions. ~ os oe ° ° ° That wasterrible! He was amazing! That's fascinating! B Pair WORK Write four statements using these words. Then take turns reading them, Pay attention to emphatic stress. dreadful fantastic horrible ridiculous (oiscussion Let's go to the movies! A PAIR WORK Take turns asking and answering these questions and others of your own. What kinds of movies are you interested in? Why? What kinds of movies do you find boring? Who are your favorite actors and actresses? Why? Are there actors or actresses you don't like? What's the worst movie you've ever seen? What are your three favorite movies in English? Why? ‘Are there any outstanding movies playing now? : What kinds of movies are you interested in? love action movies. : Really? Why is that? They're exciting! What about you? : | think action movies are kind of silly. prefer... PPRer B GRouP WORK Compare your information. Whose taste in movies is mostlike yours? 88 ® Unit 13 www.irlanguage.comPERSPECTIVES It’s abou A © Listen to people talk about some of their Hollywood favorites. ‘Can you guess the actress, actor, or movie each person is describing? Peete Ree ey Pere who is able to st ys cultures and cviliza Seo es Beceem eager eeree ra ear rag rer et ria ey ras Pree eae BB Do you like the people and movies described in part A? What else do you know about them? a GRAMMAR FOCUS Relative pronouns for people and f Use who or that for people. Use which or that for things. He's an actor. He often plays I's @ movie. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio. unusual characters. He's an acior who/that offen plays I's a movie which/that stars unusual characters. Leonardo DiCaprio. Super Mario Galaxy 2s a video game. It's fun for all ages. Jodie Foster is an actress. She began her career at age three. Ben Affleck is an actor. He's also a director. The Loraxis.a film. It was adapted from a children's book. Jaden Smith is an actor. He's the son of Will Smith, Dan Brown writes books. They're hard to put down. Wicked is a Broadway musical. I's been very successful. 8. Beyoncé is a singer. She's acted in several films. B PAIRWORK Complete these sentences. Then compare your information around the class. 1. Cameron Diaz is an actres 3. Justin Bieber isa singer... 2. ToyStory 3 isa movie 4, The Simpsons is a TV show... (inrercuance 13 Famous faces ‘What do you know about movies and TV shows? Go to Interchange 13 01 page 127. 7 Good book, terrible movie! = 89 www.irlanguage.com| SPEAKING Anew TV show A PAIR WORK ATVstudio is looking for ideas for anew TV show. Brainstorm possible ideas and agree on an idea. Make brief notes. What kind of TV show isit? What's it about? Who are the main characters? Who will it appeal to? B CLASS ACTIVITY Tell the class about your TV show. *OurTV show isa detective story I's about two secret agents who are chasing an alien from another planet. There are two main characters...” LISTENING A night at the movies A @ Listen to two critics talk about a new movie. What do they like ‘oF not like about it? Rate each item in the chart from 1 to 3. 1 = didn't like it 2=0K Pauline 3 = liked it very much Colin B © Lookat the chart in part A. Guess how many stars each critic gave the movie. Then listen to the critics give their ratings. poor kK fair eK good =I excellent WRITING A movie review ey A PAIRWORK Choosea movie you both hhave seen and discuss it. Then write a review of it. Ga r We recenty saw the What was the movie about? 2011 film Water for What did you like about it? ‘Blphants on DVD. tts What didn't you like about it? about a man wio joins How was the acting? traveling circus as a How would you rate it? veterinarian in the 1990s. stars Robert B CLASS ACTIVITY Read your review to Pattinson and Reese the class. Who else has seen the movie? Witherspoon. twas Do they agree with your review? adapted from a book by the same name. ike this movie because the story {is both funny anc sad. didn't ike... nore 90 = Unit 13 www.irlanguage.comSPECIAL GEFECTS See ee Tee ee a eS ae 1+ Nowadays, almost anything can happen in the movies. Dinosaurs rule the world, people fy, and aliens attack spacecraft. But how isitall possible? | Special effects started long before | the movies. For centuries, | magicians performedin the | ‘streets, usually in markets end fairs. They did card ticks and things like making rabbits “disappear In the cary nineteenth century, robotics, computers, engineering, and other fields were employed by ‘immakers. However, the biggest evelopment in special eects came with computer-generated imagery (CG) in the 1990s. surassic Park (1983) had full shots cf dinosaurs using CGI. Titanic (1997) used CGI for shots on board the ship and very small models to show underwater before the invention of electricity, actors in theaters. ee ees ‘were highlighted by limelights. Sometime later, a lighting technique called “Pepper's ghost” was Used to make ghosts “appear” on stage. Audiences were thrilled. 8 Motion pictures began in the 1890s, but there was. no sound. They were “silent movies.” “Talkies” wore first shown in the 1920s. Later, color films ‘gradually replaced black-ard-white ones. 4 From the 1950s to the 1980s, special effects became more and more fartastic, Experts in 5 More recently, Avatar (2009) used 60 percent CGI and 40 percent live action. It was the first film to be shot ently wth 3-D camera It shows totally believable scenes of humans and aliens on the ‘moon Pandora. 6 Special effects in movies are both a science and an art. Computer technology and human imagination ‘come together to bring stories to life. They make ‘science fiction and action movies much more exciting to watch, and audiences love them. AA Read the article. Then number these sentences from 1 (first event) to9 (last event). Silent movies were shown. Cl was developed. Limelights were used in theaters. CGI was used to show dinosaurs. Talkies began to replace silent movies. pangs Street macicians performed tricks. Color moves were shown, ‘Small models and CGI were used in Titanic. The first full movie was made with a 3-D camera, B where do these sentences belong? Write the number of the paragraph where each sentence should go. Itused the movie format IMAX 3-D. apange Movies also show amazing things like meteors hitting the Earth. This meant audiences could see the stage more clearly. Models were used for shots of parts of dinosaurs. Even if special effects are often very expensive, they are good for business. One of the first films with sound was The Jazz Singer. C PAIR WORK What move do you think has the best special effects? Why do you like them? Good book, terrible movie! * 91 www.irlanguage.com“ So that’s what it means! SNAPSHOT Emoticons Some: wrwcenqrnstce: Do people in your country use emoticons? Do you? What other emoticons car you use fo communicate these ideas? 7 What other emoticons de you know? amguage es WORD POWER Feelings and gestures = A Whatis this man doing in each picture? Match each description with a picture. Then compare with a partner. |. He's biting his nails. He's rolling his eyes. @ ® ic) He's scratching his head. He's tapping his foot. He's twirling his hai. He's wrinkling his nose. B GROUP WORK Use the pictures in part A and these @ @ adjectives to describe how the man is feeling. oveene annoyed confused embarrassed frustrated irritated bored disgusted exhausted impatient nervous “In the first picture, he’s twirling his hair. He looks nervous’ 92 www.irlanguage.comA © Listen and practice. : Have you met Raj the student from India? No, | haven't. :: Well, he seems really nice, but there's one thing | noticed. He moves his head from side to side when you talk to him. You know like this. Maybe it means he doesn't understand you. No, don't think so. Orit could mean he doesn't agree with you. : Actually, people from India sometimes move their heads from side to side when they agree with you. Ron: Oh, so that’s what it means! B © Now listen to Raj talk to his friend. What does he find unusual about the way people in North America communicate? GRAMMAR FOCU: rE riarnr ier aa a) Medals Adverbs It might/may mean he doesn't understond you. Maybe/Perhaps it means he doesn’t understand you. It could mean he doesn't agree with you It possibly/probably means he doesn’t ‘agree with you That must mean he agrees with you. That definitely means he agrees with you PAIR WORK What do these gestures mean? Take turns making statements about each gesture using the meanings in the box. - | don't know. @ a a tin habe That sounds crazy! | can’t hear you. » : a { Come here. @ 8 @ ‘A; What do you think the first gesture means? B: Itprobably means... ort might mean .. - So that’s what it means! = 93 www.irlanguage.comSPEAKING What does it mean? A PAIR WORK Imagine you are in a foreign country and you don't speak the language. Think of gestures to communicate these meanings. Goaway. I don't understand. Help! It's delicious. Please repeat. How much does this cost? Tm tost. Someone stole my wallet. Ym hungry. Where's the bathroom? < B CLASS ACTIVITY What else could your gestures mean? For each gesture you acted out in part A, ‘ think of one more possitle meaning, A: That probably means"go away” but it might Se also mean you don't Ike something, 8: Itcould also mean... (Gjpronunciation Pitch A @ Listen and practice. Notice how pitch is used to express certzinty or doubt. Certain Uncertain OA Ou ‘A:Do you think her gesture means “go away"? B: Definitely. B: Probably. —o™ OU A: Do you understand what her gesture means? B: Absolutely. B: Maybe. B PAIRWORK Take turns asking yes/no questions. Respond by usng absolutely, definitely, maybe, probably, and your own information. Pay attention :0 pitch. Whi (ntercuance going on? Interpret people’s body language. Go to Interchange 14 on page 128 94 = Unit 14 . www.irlanguage.com(iipersrec TIVES Signs A. © what do you think these international signs mean? Listen and match each sign with the correct meaning. ENaien hen aes oe 0 sera chat hon d. You can recycle this item. hh. You've got to take of your shoes here. B PAIRWORK Where might you see the signs in part A? Give two suggestions for each one. "You might see this one at a national park or...” mR an Permission, obh Permission ie Prohibition You can camp here. You have to comp here. You can’t camp here. You're allowed totcke You've got to take off You aren’t allowed to take off your shoes. your shoes. off your shoos. A Match these school rules with the correct sign Then compare with a partriet. (4 W Lock your bikes in the bike rack. BS 45 ..No eating or drinking in the classroom. @) B} a ..No playing ballin the hallway. Keep the classroom door closed. En . No listening to music. ts Throw trash in the wastebasket. . Nocell phones. . Tum out the lights when leaving. 9) h B Pair WORK Use the language in the grammar box to take turns talking about each sign. @NOWAWNS ‘A: This first sign means you aren't allowed to eat or drink in the classroom. B: Yes, | think you're right. And the second one means you have to So that’s what it means! = 95 www.irlanguage.com(Gorscussiow Rules and regulations A PAIRWORK How many rules can you think of for each of these places? onanairplane —inanart museum ona bus orsubway inalibrary ina movie theater at work “On an airplane, you have to wear your seat belt when the plane Is taking off and landing: B Group work Share your ideas. Why do you think these rules exist? Have you ever broken any of them? What happened? (ustenve Sign language A © Listen to three conversations about driving. Check (V) True or False for each statement. 1. The man hasn't had a parking ticket lately Parking isnt allowed there during working hours. The fine for parking is $16. 2. The woman is driving faster than the speed limit. There are other cars in her lane. The lane is reserves for buses and toxis. 3. The other drivers are flashing ther lights. He's driving with his lights on. The other drivers ara giving him @ warning. ooocooo0coa ooooo000c0 B © Listen again. Which of the drivers did something wrong? WRITING A list of rules | ‘A GROUP WORK Discuss the rules that currently exist at your school. How many can you think of? Are they all good rules? B GROUP WORK Think of four new rules that you fee! would be a good idea. Work together to write brief explanations of why each is necessary. 1. You aren't allowed to chew gum in class because it may bother other students. 2, You can be late, but you have to come in quietly so you don't disturb the lesson, 3. You have to pay « small fine if your cell phone rings in class because... C CLASS ACTIVITY Share your lists. Vote on the best new rules. 96 = Unit 14 p www.irlanguage.com& | READING Pearls of Wisdom <8 Ree ieee het Then match each proverb with a picture. © A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. @) Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. © One person’s meat is another one’s poison. @)) Money doesn’t grow on trees. 1 Why do people use proverbs? Many people love ‘And something said or written dovin by a wellknown proverbs for their wisdom, Others enjoy the images in _petson has often been borrowed by the common ‘Proverbs. But proverbs are most impressive because they __‘™an. For example, “Bad news travels fast” probably ‘xpress alot af information injust afew words.A good comes from the experience of housewives, However, proverb quickly sums up ideas that are sometimes hard Al's well that ends well” was writen by to express. And the persor listening immediately hee ee understands the message. What P| Ee at Crore eae ‘everywhere in the world. you can understand a Where do proverbs come from? Proverbs come from Etre’ proverbs you can better understand the ‘wo main places — ordinary people and famous people. culture itself. Thee are many different ways that These two sources are not always distinct. Common and we use provers indailyife. Here ae some examples popular wisdom has oftenbeen used by famous people. of what proverbs can do: ° ° 7h Give advice Give a warning Meaning: Something Meaning:Don't plar on you haveis better than a successful outcome something you might get. until it actually happens Teach a lesson Meaning: I's not easy to get money. Meaning: What one person loves, another person may hate. ‘A Read the article. Then find these sentences in the article. Decide whether each sentence is the main idea or a supporting idea in that paragraph. Check (v) the correct boxes. 1. Many people love proverbs for their wisdom. (por. 1) 2. But proverbs are most... just o few words. (por. 1) 3. Proverbs come from... and famous people. (par. 2) 4. ifyou can understand... . the culture itself. (par. 3) 5. There are many . .. proverbs in daily life. (par. 3] B class ACTIVITY Think ofan interesting proverb from your county ‘What does it mean? Tell it to the class in English. . So that's what it means! = 97 www.irlanguage.com