20EE3221- ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND GREEN
BUILDINGS
Session-Energy Auditing Instruments
1. Course Description:
Issues related to energy management and green buildings are covered in this course. Energy
management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption
units as well as energy distribution and storage. Objectives are resource conservation, climate
protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It
is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and
other established business functions. Energy conservation can be easily achieved through
green buildings. Hence green buildings is also a part of the course. It include creating
structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient
throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction. This course also discusses various green building
certifications.
2. Instructional Objectives:
The objective of the course is to establish the knowledge and awareness on energy
conservation. This course describes the energy audit methodology and energy conservation
opportunities assessment for various electrical energy utilities including cooling and heating
systems and significance of Green Buildings. This course also aim in identifying different
practices to improve the quality of green buildings.
3. Learning Outcomes:
Blooms Taxonomy
CO No Course Outcome (CO) PO/PSO
Level (BTL)
Apply energy audit for energy
CO 1 PO2,PO5/ PSO1 3
management in buildings
Interpret energy conservation
CO 2 PO1,PO7/ PSO2 2
opportunities in electrical systems
Identify energy management strategies for
CO 3 PO1,PO7/ PSO1 3
energy efficiency
CO 4 Identify practices for energy efficiency PO2,PO5/ PSO1 3
green buildings
4. Module Description:
In the first module, necessity and definition of energy audit will be explained. The
instruments used for energy audit will also be discussed. Energy costs, Bench marking,
matching energy usage to requirements will be explained. Various methodologies to be
implemented to maximize energy efficiency will be discussed.
5. Session Aim: The main aim of the session is to
1. Describe Instruments Used in Energy Auditing
2. Discuss about Load and power factor measuring equipment
6. Session Structure:
Teaching
Time - Active Learning
(min) Topic BTL Learning Methods
Methods
05 Introduction 2 TALK --- NOT APPLICABLE---
10 Instruments Used in Energy Auditing 2 PPT --- NOT APPLICABLE---
05 Asking questions and Doubts clarification 2 TALK --- NOT APPLICABLE---
20 Load and power factor measuring 2 PPT --- NOT APPLICABLE---
equipment
10 Summary 2 TALK --- NOT APPLICABLE---
3. Introduction about the Session
An energy audit is completed at a residential or commercial building to determine its energy
efficiency. Energy efficiency means using less energy to do the same job. The audit will
provide with a complete electricity consumption and energy efficiency assessment. Various
instruments are required to analyze energy consumption
4. Session description
The requirement for an energy audit such as identification and quantification of
energy necessitates measurements; these measurements require the use of instruments.
These instruments must be portable, durable, easy to operate and relatively
inexpensive. The parameters generally monitored during energy audit may include the
following:
Basic Electrical Parameters in AC &DC systems – Voltage (V), Current (I), Power
factor, Active power (kW), apparent power (demand) (kVA), Reactive power (kVAr),
Energy consumption (kWh), Frequency (Hz), Harmonics, etc.
Parameters of importance other than electrical such as temperature & heat flow,
radiation, air and gas flow, liquid flow, revolutions per minute (RPM), air velocity,
noise and vibration, dust concentration, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, moisture
content, relative humidity, flue gas analysis – CO2, O2, CO, SOx, NOx, combustion
efficiency etc.
Key instruments for energy audit are listed below.
The operating instructions for all instruments must be understood and staff should
familiarize themselves with the instruments and their operation prior to actual audit
use.
Electrical Measuring Instruments:
These are instruments for measuring major electrical parameters such as kVA, kW,
PF,
Hertz, kvar, Amps and Volts. In addition some of these instruments also measure
harmonics. These instruments are applied on-line i.e on running motors without any
need to stop the motor. Instant measurements can be taken with hand-held meters,
while more advanced ones facilitates cumulative readings with print outs at specified
intervals.
Fig.1. Electrical Measuring Instrument
Precautions and Safety measures:
To avoid short circuits and potentially life-threatening hazards, never attach the clamp
to a circuit that operates at more than the maximum rated voltage, or over bare
conductors.
While using the instrument, use rubber hand gloves, boots and a safety helmet, to
avoid electrical shocks and do not use the instrument when hands are wet.
5. Activities/ Case studies/ Important facts related to the session
NA
10. Examples and contemporary extracts of articles or practices to convey the idea of
the session: NA
11. Table Numbering: -----NA-----
12. Figures with captions:
Fig.1. Electrical Measuring Instrument
13. Summary
In this session, requirement of instruments to perform energy audit is discussed.
Various instruments used for energy audit is also discussed. Electrical instruments is one of
the major instruments required to record energy consumption. Hence, instruments used for
measuring electrical parameters is also discussed.
14. SAQ’s–Self Assessment Questions
1. Mention the requirements of instruments used for measuring various parameters.
2. List out basic electrical parameters to be measured
15. Terminal Questions
1. Elobrate the electrical measuring instruments used in energy audit and required safety
measures.
16. Case Study- NA
17. Answer Key
Answers to SAQ:
1. These instruments must be portable, durable, easy to operate and relatively
inexpensive.
2. Voltage (V), Current (I), Power factor, Active power (kW), apparent power (demand)
(kVA), Reactive power (kVAr), Energy consumption (kWh), Frequency (Hz),
Harmonics, etc.
Answers to Terminal Questions:
Electrical Measuring Instruments:
These are instruments for measuring major electrical parameters such as kVA, kW,
PF,
Hertz, kvar, Amps and Volts. In addition some of these instruments also measure
harmonics. These instruments are applied on-line i.e on running motors without any
need to stop the motor. Instant measurements can be taken with hand-held meters,
while more advanced ones facilitates cumulative readings with print outs at specified
intervals.
Precautions and Safety measures:
To avoid short circuits and potentially life-threatening hazards, never attach the clamp
to a circuit that operates at more than the maximum rated voltage, or over bare
conductors.
While using the instrument, use rubber hand gloves, boots and a safety helmet, to
avoid electrical shocks and do not use the instrument when hands are wet.
18. Glossary
kVA Kilo Volt Ampere
kW Kilo Watt
pf Power factor
kVar Kilo Volt Ampere
19. References of books, sites and links:
T1. Energy Management: W.R.Murphy, G.Mckay (Butterworths)
Reference books:
1. Handbook of Energy Audits by Albert Thumann, Fairmont Pr; 5th edition
(1998).
2. Energy Management Hand book by Turner, Wayne C, Lilburn, The Fairmont
press,2001
20. Keywords
Power Analyser
Instruments
