(Contents

SECTION-A
1. MEASUREMENT OFRESISTANCE
Bperiment 1 To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of Potential difference
versus current 2
2. WHEATSTONE'S BRIDGE
Eyperiment 2 To find the resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the resistiity
(specific resistance) of its material 6
3. LAWS OF COMBINATION OF RESISTANCES
Bxperinment 3 To verify the Law of Combination(series/parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge 10
4. POTENTIOMETER
Experiment 4 To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer 14
5. INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF A CELL
Experiment 5 To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer 17

6. CONVERSION OF AGALVANOMETER INTO AN AMMETER AND AVOLTMETER

Eperinent 6 To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method andto find its figure of
merit 21
7. CONVERSION OF AGALVANOMETER
Eperiment 7.1 To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter
of a desired range (say 0 to 300 mA) and to verify the same 24
Eperiment 72 To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter
of desired range (say 0 to 3V) and to verify the same 27
8. FREQUENCY OF ALTERNATINGCURRENT
Eaxperiment & To find the frequency of the a.c. mains with a sonometer 30

ACTIVITIES
1. RESISTANCE AND IMPEDANCE OF ANINDUCTOR
Acticity L To measure the resistance andimpedance of an inductor with or without iron core 33
2. USE OF MULTIMETER
Acticity 2. To measure resistance, voltage (ACDC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit
using multimeter 36
3. HQUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
Acticity 3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a
power source 40
4. AS^EMBLING ANELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
Acticity 4. To assemnble the components of a given electrical circuit (say the circuit used for verifcation
of Ohm's Law) 42
5. POTENTIAL DROP ALONGA WIRE
Activity 5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current 43
6. CHECKING ON ELECTRICCIRCUIT
Aetigy 6. To draw to diagram of a given open circuit comprising atleast a ballery, resistor/rheostat. key
ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connector in proper order and
correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram 46

SECTION-B

1. SPHERICAL MIRRORS
Experient í To find the values of Vfor different values of u in case ofa concave mirror and to find the
49
focal length
Bxverinent 1 To find the focal length of a convex mirrOr, using a convex Lens 51
 9

2. LENSES
Experiment 2 To find the focal length of a
convex Leng hy
(b) between l/u and nlotting graphs between (a) u and v
l/v
Experiment 2.2 To find the focal length of a
concave lens,
55
3. REFRACTON THROUGHAPRISM using aconvex lens 59
Experiment8 To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a
of incidence and graph between angie
4. REFRACTIVE INDEX
angle of deviation 62

Experinent 4.1To determine refractive index of a

lass slab using a travelling microscope 66
Experiment 4.2To find refractive index ofa liquid by
To find refractive index ofa Liquid usinga concave mirror
a 69
Experiment 4.3 using convex Lens and plane mirror 70
5. ^EMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES
Experiment 5.1 10 raW the 1-V characteristic curve of a p-n
junction in forward bias 74
Experiment 5.2 To draw the characteristic curve of a zenar diode and to determine its and reverse bias 78
reverse break down voltage
Experiment 6 To determine the wavelength of at laser beam by 81
diffraction
|ACTIVITIES
1. COMMON ELECTRONICCOMPONENTS
Activity 1. 1b identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed
collection of such items 85
2. IDENTIFICATION OF A TRANSISTOR
Activity2. Use of multimeter to (i) identify base transistor (ii) destinguish between npn and pnp type
transistors (iii) see the unindirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED (1V)
88
check whethers given electronic components (e.g.,diode, transistor or IC) is in working order
3. LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR)
91
Activity 3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR
4. LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF LIGHT BEAM 92
Açtivity 4. To observe reflection and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab
5. POLARISATION OF LIGHT
94
Activity 5. To observe polarisation of light using two polaroids
6. DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
slit 96
Activity 6 Toobserve diffraction of light due to a thin
AND BY ACONCAVE MIRROR
7. IMAGES FORMED BYACONVEX LENS lens using a candle and a screen
To study the nature and size of the image formed by a convex
Actiotty 7.1 from the lens) 98
(for diferent distances of a candle mirror on a screen using a
formed by a concave
Activity 7.2 To study the nature and size of the image
distances of the candle from the mirror) 100
candle and a screen (for different
TWO THIN LENSES
8. COMBINATION OF with the specified focal length by using two lenses from
the riven
To obtain lens
a combination 102
Activity &
set of Lenses
INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS
resistance/emf of a cell denende 105
on which the internal
Project 1. To study various factors
flowing in a circuit containing a
LDR, because of a variation 107
the variation in current using a plane mirror, equiconvex
Project 2. To study indices of (a) water (6) oil (transparent)
refractive needle
index) and an adjustable object
110
Project 3. To find the known refractive
glass of table
combination for a given truth
a 112
Lens(made from
appropriate Logic Gale and (ii) Number of
Project 4. To design an
relation between the ratio of (2) output and input voltage 118
To investigate the transformer
Project 5. secondary coil and primary coil of self designed
turns in the on the angle of incidence, using a
investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation
transparent fluids 120
Project 6. To one-by-one, with different styro foam (or pith) ball
hollow prism filled, induced on each one of the two indentical 122
To estimate the charge by making use of coulomb's
Law.
Project 7. suspended in a vertical plane
to study its input and output
characteristic
common base transistor, circuit and 124
To set up a gain
Project 8.
and to calculate its current