9A GRAMMAR if + past, would / wouldn’t + base form (second conditional)
a Complete the conversations with the second conditional forms of the verbs in parentheses.
1 A Look at Hannah. She’s so lazy.
B
I know. If the boss came in now, he
wouldn’t be very happy. (come, not be)
2 A
What you say if Adam asked
you out on a date? (you say, ask)
B I think I said “yes!” (say)
3 A Ouch! My tooth hurts.
B
You wouldn't go so many problems with
your teeth if you went to the
dentist more often. (not have, go)
4 A Is the answer to number 5 A or B?
knew
B
If I the answer,
I 'd tell you. But I don’t! (know, tell)
5 A Why don’t you bike to work?
B
I 'd bike if I lived closer to
the office, but I live too far away. (bike, live)
6 A
Wow! Those shoes are great.
I 'd buy them if I had
more money. (buy, have)
B
Well, you 'd have more money if
you didn't go shopping so often.
(have, not go)
7 A
If you won the lottery, how
would you spend the money? (win, you spend)
B
I 'd buy a big house in the country.
(buy)
8 A I’m so tired!
B
We 'd sleep much better if the
neighbors’ baby didn't cry all night.
(sleep, not cry)
b First or second conditional? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 What will we do tomorrow if it rains (rain)?
2 If I had a lot of money, I’d buy (buy) a horse.
3 She’d pass her exams if she studied (study) harder.
4 I’m sure she would lend (lend) you the money if you ask her nicely.
5 I’d like your dog more if he wasn't (not be) so noisy!
6 If I didn't see (not see) you this evening, I’ll see you on Friday.
7 I wouldn't say (not say) anything to James if you don’t want me to.
8 If you didn't hurry up (not hurry up), we’ll miss the train.
9 If I were you, I wouldn't go (not go) to the northeast US in the winter.
10 What would you (do) if you found a snake in your bed?
ACTIVATION
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
If I could live in another country, I... If I were the President, I...
If the weather is good this weekend, I... If I get bored this evening, I...
196
196 American English File third edition Teacher’s Guide Level 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2021
9B GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since
a Complete the conversations with the present perfect form of the verb + for or since if necessary.
have
1 A How long have you had your cat?
B I’ve had him for two months now.
work
has
two months 2 A
How long your daughter worked in
New York?
B
She 've worked there for four years. four years
be married
3 A
How long have you been married ?
since
B I 've been married 1981.
be
1981 4 A
How long has your mom been a
journalist?
've been since
B
She a journalist she
graduated from college. she graduated
from college
know
have known
5 A
How long they each other?
B
They 've known each other for 50 years.
live
50 years 6 A
How long have you lived here?
We 've lived
B here since 2006. 2006
have
had
7 How long have
A you this phobia?
B
I 've had it since about 2010.
about 2010 play
8 A
How long have you played for this team?
I 've played for them
B since I was 17.
I was 17
I was 17
b Test your memory. Cover the conversations and look at the pictures.
Can you remember the conversations?
ACTIVATION
Write four sentences about yourself, two with the present perfect + for,
and two with the present perfect + since.
197
197
American English File third edition Teacher’s Guide Level 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2021
9C GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past? (2)
a Complete the conversations with the present perfect or the
simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 A How long have you played (play) the violin?
B Since I was (be) four. I have loved (love) music all my life.
A Was it a difficult instrument to learn?
B It was (be) very hard when I started (start).
2 A Did your brother finished (finish) college?
B Yes, he finished (finish) three weeks ago.
A What’s he going to do now?
B He hasn't decided (not decide) yet.
3 A Where do your parents live?
B In Miami. They have lived (live) there since last year. Before that they lived (live) in
Atlanta.
A Why did they leave (leave) Atlanta?
B Because my dad retired (retire), and they wanted (want) to live near the beach.
4 A I saw (see) Oliver yesterday. He told (tell) me about your plans to move to
Australia.
B Yes, I’m very excited...and a little nervous too.
A have you ever lived (live) abroad before?
B No, never. I have never beem(never be) very interested in traveling.
A How about your wife?
B Oh, Lily loves traveling! She has visited (visit) lots of different countries.
5 A have you heard (hear) about Andy and Francesca?
B No. What?
A They have separated (separate).
B Really? That’s a pity. I thought (think) they were very happy together.
6 A Is your brother married?
B Yes, he has been (be) married for ages – about ten years. He met (meet) his
wife Sarah when they were both in high school. They got (get) married when they
were (be) only 18.
b Practice the conversations with a partner.
ACTIVATION
Complete the sentences with information about real people (either people you know or famous people).
1 Juan and Tita were married for about 5 years.
2 Pepe and Isabel have been married since 1999 .
3 Rosmer lived in Peru for about 10 years.
4 have / has lived in for about years.
198
198 American English File third edition Teacher’s Guide Level 2 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2021
