Jc LORENZO

MEDIA

refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional
messages, and other data

Culture

refers to the unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn and the ability to
communicate knowledge to the next generation.

Five stages of development from the earliest forms to the complex ones.

1. oral communication
2. Scrip
3. Printing press
4. Electronic Media
5. Digital Media

It all started with ORAL COMMUNICATION. language allows humans to communicate and share information. it also led
trade market and cross-continental trade route

The next stage is the invention of SCRIPT. script allowed humans to communicate over a larger space and for a much
larger duration

Printing Press- This allowed the continuous production, reproduction, and circulation of print materials.

Electronic Media- characterized by its use of electricity, electronic media also includes the telegraph, telephone, film
radio, television

Digital Media- which relies on digital codes. it can be created modified, and stored in any electronic device

Cultural Differentialism

emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows. it also
involves barriers that prevent flows that serve to make cultures more aline. cultures tend to remain stubbornly different
from one another.

CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION

is a process by which a cultural element blends into another culture by modifying the element to fit cultural norms. it is
an integration of local and global cultures. A key concept is “globalization” or the interpenetration of the global and local
resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas.

CULTURAL CONVERGENCE

the approach stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong
flows, while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to destroy at least parts of
another culture

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Religion- the belief in a God or a group of gods

-an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a God or a group of gods

Hinduism

•The religion of Hinduism developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a variety of beliefs and practices
and other religions, including Buddhism.

One of the oldest religions of humanity, founded in 1500 BCE or earlier.

What do Hindus believe?

1. Brahman -the eternal Being - created and preserves the world. Everything in the world is an aspect of Brahman.

2. Atman - the soul - each person has one that is an aspect of Brahman. Can't ever be destroyed o

3. Devas - manifestations of Brahman that are active in the world and who help to maintain order.

3 of the most common -Brahma, Vishnu, & Siva

4. Reincarnation - being reborn into this world lifetime after lifetime (Samsara)

5. Karma - the sum effect of a person's actions, good and bad, which helps shape future experiences

6. Moksha - the goal of human existence, escape from the cycle of reincarnation to join with the Brahman.

7. Dharma - a set of spiritual duties and obligations that must be fulfilled to achieve moksha.

Buddhism

•Buddhism, which teaches people that they can escape the suffering of the world through the Buddhist teachings,
developed in Northeast India in 520 BCE and spread to other parts of Asia 4th largest religion in the world

Brief History

•Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the
monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).

• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city of Jerusalem. It was
after his death that his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.

•Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622

Judaism

• Judaism is over 3000 years old and is the oldest of the world's monotheistic religions (religions with only one God). It's
also the smallest, with only about 14 million (7th) followers around the world.

•Its holy city is Jerusalem.

• Jews believe that there is a single God (Yahweh) who not only created the universe but with whom every Jew can have
an individual and personal relationship.

• They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king. They believe in heaven, but that God determines where they go
after life on earth.

• Ten Commandments is the basic code of law

Judaism Holy Book

•The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first five books of the Christian Bible). others include Judaism's oral
tradition the Talmud.

• The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.

• Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy

Judaism Place of Worship

• Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and women usually sit separately.

•Worship is led by a Rabbi.

•Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time for worship.

The Temple

•According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by
Babylonians in 586 BCE.

•The Jews were then sent out of Canaan but returned after 50 years in exile.

• A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave their homeland and move to many different locations separately.

•All of the world's Jewish communities today that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.

Christianity

• Christianity is the world's largest religion, with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide.

It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago

Christianity Beliefs

•Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God

• God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sins Jesus rose from the dead on the third
day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)
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• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament

• Christians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons' God the Father, God the
Son, God the Holy Ghost--Trinity

• Christians believe that God made the world.

• Christians believe that they can have a personal relationship with God and that they are saved by faith, and good
works.

• They believe in heaven and hell.

• They believe that the Bible is the inspired word of God.

Christians Holy Book

• The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is divided into the Old and New Testaments.

Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.

Christians Holy Book

• The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is divided into the Old and New Testaments.

Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people

Christian Place of Worship

• The Christian place of worship is called a Church, which is built in the shape of a cross with the altar facing east
towards the rising sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor, or reverend.

• Day of worship is normally Sunday.

Christian Sects

• Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern Orthodox-Christian Church divided when the Roman Empire was divided and then fell.

Orthodox Christians do not recognize the authority of the Pope.

• Catholicism vs. Protestantism-as a result of the Reformation, Protestant sects broke with the Catholic Church and
established their separate churches.

Islam

•Islam is the second most popular religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers.

Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who follow
Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe that there is only one God, called Allah, who speaks Arabic.

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Islam Place of Worship

• The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque.

The word comes from the Arabic for "place of prostration".

• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets towers on the mosque corners.

• They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture.

• The normal day of worship is Friday.

• Religious leaders are called imams.

Islam Holy Book

• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is 'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the Quran.

• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every word and
every letter is sacred.

• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of God.

GLOBALITY - Is the end-state of Globalization. A hypothetical condition in which the process of globalization is complete
or nearly so, barriers have fallen, and " new global reality' is emerging.

Global cities are also known for their cultural diversity and their ability to attract talent from around the world.

A global city, also known as a power city, world city, alpha city, or world center, is a city that serves as a primary node in
the global economic.