Information to knowledge
INFORMATION How is it tied to the results?
Are there any patterns? What is relevant to the problem?
How does it affect the system?
What is the best way to use it?
How can we add more value to it?
Database Application
Collects and transform data into information.
Input data – database application – information
Database application / database system anatomy / architectures
Single monolithic architecture
o application software is with the data, 1 application only
Client-server architecture / 2 tier architecture / desktop-based application
o Database application – database server
3 tier architecture / web-based application
o Human-interaction – processing – database server
o Front end application software – backend application software – database server
Front end
Input and output
Backend
Computation
Validation
Implementation of rules
Report generation
Database server
Updating, deleting
Storage of data
What are known by the programmer when coding a application software in a file based system
File location
File type
File operation
Structure of data in a file
How to code instructions to manipulate the data in every file
o Search code, update, delete, insert code, sorting code, validation code, code for checking for referencing
User view on the application software in file based
the only way to access the file is through the software program
cannot share the file unless
o the user is a user in the software that the file is being used on
o it is a text file
only one user can use the file at a same time
COMPLETE
Are all necessary details needed, present in the application system?
Accurate
Does the application system ensure that the information is error-free and precise?
Inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into the application system.
Accessible
Does the application system provide users to obtain the data and information?
Secure
Does the application system protect the data and information?
Does the application system prevent unauthorized users to use the data and information?
Relevant
Does the application system provide its users with the information they need to take actions?
Presentable
Does the application system show the data and information in an acceptable form?
Formats
Structure and Organization
Arrangements
Simple
Does the application system show the data and information in a manner that it can easily be consumed and understood
Information should be simple, not overly complex. Sophisticated detailed information is not always needed. Graphically showing information to
improve its understanding
Reliable
Does the application system use reliable data collection mechanisms
Verifiable
Does the application system provide mechanisms for users to validate information?
Historical Validation
Audit Validation
Referential Validation
Timely
Is the information provided by the application system up-to-date?
Does the application system provide information in the expected time?
Flexible
Is the information workable with others (other users, other applications, other purposes)?
Economical
Does the value of information within the application system outweighs the cost of the system?
Database system
• Database Systems are Application Systems where Data are stored and managed in Databases instead of Files
• Database Systems replaced the File-Based Application Systems in several domains primarily due to the issues encountered in File-Based Application
Systems
File-Based Application Systems
File – application software
o application software is coded with the 5 data management functions
database system
database – dbms – database application
o database application is coded with the 5 data management functions
database - dbms – dbms tool
o mysql workbench
o other users who are given access to the database can access the data
DBMS
searching is done
sorting the result
checking if data is duplicated
when is files used
Database Systems are Application Systems where Data are stored and managed in Databases instead of Files
Database Systems replaced the File-Based Application Systems in several domains primarily due to the issues encountered in File-Based Application
Systems
The database environment
Database Systems are Application Systems where Data are stored and managed in Databases instead of Files
Database Systems replaced the File-Based Application Systems in several domains primarily due to the issues encountered in File-Based Application
Systems
Database environment components
Hardware
The physical devices that will be used in data management
Servers, computing devices of user
Software
OS to be used by the database and DBMS
DBMS that will be used
Application that will be developed
Software tools that will be used by the user
Data
The data to be managed
People
Different clients of the database system
The different technical user that will ensure that the database system is what the clients wants
Procedure
Sets of task, functions, process of clients that will affect the data management
Set of task, functions, process of the technical users that will ensure that the database system is what the clients need
What roles in the entire database environment is this course designed for?
Database Architect - Designs the Databases, and uses SQL-DML to implement databases
Database Operator - Uses SQL-DDL-SELECT to generate reports
Database Developer - Uses SQL-DDL to enable applications to interact with databases
Database Developer - Uses advanced structures in DB to enhance data management capabilities, make queries run faster, and implement rules
followed by the DB
Data Engineer - Uses advanced structures and methods in DB to implement ETL to populate Analytics DB
Database Management Functions
It maintains the database (collection of files that contains data)
It ensures that whatever we store are persistently stored in the database
It facilitates data manipulation (create, update, delete data) for us
It facilitates sharing of data to different users or database applications
It enforces rules to avoid duplication of data
It enforces rules to maintain referential integrity of our data
It enforces rules to maintain data consistency
Provides security for data
ANSII SPARC ARCHITECTURE
The DBMS maps each external view to its corresponding conceptual view, and the conceptual view to its internal view
The users/applications simply see their own external view
The database will do the mapping to the actual data stored physically as files
