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KK World

This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It provides a brief history of CNC machines, noting they were first developed in the 1940s-1950s and became common in manufacturing around 1980. The document defines CNC machines as numerically controlled machines where data handling, control sequences, and responses are determined by an onboard computer. It outlines the typical elements of a CNC machine and provides examples of common CNC machine types. The document also summarizes how CNC machines work using coded commands, programming basics, advantages like reduced errors, and challenges like high setup costs.

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Vikash kushwaha
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31 views18 pages

KK World

This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It provides a brief history of CNC machines, noting they were first developed in the 1940s-1950s and became common in manufacturing around 1980. The document defines CNC machines as numerically controlled machines where data handling, control sequences, and responses are determined by an onboard computer. It outlines the typical elements of a CNC machine and provides examples of common CNC machine types. The document also summarizes how CNC machines work using coded commands, programming basics, advantages like reduced errors, and challenges like high setup costs.

Uploaded by

Vikash kushwaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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R r institute of modern

technology Bkt-lucknow
TOPIC-CNC MACHINE (COMPUTER
NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE)

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Mr. SHASHANK DIXIT SIR NAME- VIKASH KUSHWAHA


ROLL NO.- 2103610400073
11
Type your text

BRANCH – ME 3RD YEAR


CNC MACHINE:
CONTENT
➢ HISTORY
➢ CNC INTRODUCTION
➢ ELEMENTS OF CNC
➢ BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC
➢ TYPE OF CNC MACHINE
➢ HOW CNC WORKS ?
➢ FEATURES OF CNC MACHINE
➢ CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS
➢ PROGRAMMING KEY LETTERS
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ CHALLENGES
➢ CONCLUSION
➢ REFERENCES
HISTORY
❖ The first CNC machine were built in the 1940s
and 1950s by Prof. John T Parson.
❖ CNC machine came into existence after
evolution of computer around 1980.
❖ Modern CNC machine are improving further as
the technology is changing with a variety of
functions according to applications.
Introduction of cnc:

A numerical control
system in which the
data handling, control
sequence and
response to input is
determined by an on-
board computer
system at the machine
tool.
Elements of cnc machine:

➢ A CNC machine consist of following 6 major elements:


1. Input Device
2. Machine Control Unit
3. Machine Tool
4. Driving System
5. Feedback Devices
6. Display Unit
Block diagram of cnc machine:
Types of cnc machine:
1.Plasma
2.Spring Forming
3.Laser Cutting Machine
4.Flame Cutting Machine
5.Electric Discharge Machine
6.Water Jet
7.Welding
8.CNC Punch Machine
HOW CNC WORKS:
➢ Controlled by G and M codes.
➢ These are number values and co-ordinates.
➢ Each number or code is assigned to a
particular operation.
➢ Typed in manually to CAD by machine
operators.
➢ G and M codes are automatically generated
by the computer software.
fEatures of cnc machine:
➢ The tool or material moves are automatically.
➢ Tools can operate in x and z axis.
➢ Larger machines have a machine control unit
(MCU) which manages operations.
➢ Movement is controlled by motors.
➢ Feedback is provided by sensors.
➢ Tool magazines are used to change tools
automatically.
CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS:
➢ CNC instructions are called part program
commands.
➢ When running, a part program is interpreted one
command line at a time all lines are completed.
➢ Commands, which are also referred to as blocks,
are made up of words which each begin with a
letter address and end with a numerical value.
PROGRAMMING KEY LETTERS:
1. O- Program number
2. N- Sequence number
3. G- Preparatory function
4. X-X axis direction
5. Z-Z axis direction
6. R- Radius designation
7. F- Feed rate designation
8. S- Spindle speed designation
9. H- Tool length offset designation
10. D- Tool radius offset designation
11. T- Tool designation
12. M- Miscellaneous function
Advantages of cnc:

1. Easier to program.
2. Easy storage of existing programs.
3. Easy to change a program.
4.Avoid human errors.
5. CNC machines are safe to operate.
challenges:

1. Costly setup, skilled operators.


2. Computers, programming knowledge required.
3. Maintenance is difficult.
conclusion
➢ The advantage ofa CNC system are that the operation of a
conventional machine is removed and the part production is
made automatic.
➢ It reduces the labour work and hence highly efficient in the
manufacturing process.
➢ Industries generally uses CNC machine to achieve its
manufacturing targets. For manufacturing works of large scale it
is very difficult to work with manual machines as they are time
consuming.
➢ CNC machines have their wide scope
because they are easy to handle, the work
becomes easier and job are done with
perfection.
REFERENCES:
➢ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_numerical
_control
➢ http://www.motioncontrol.com/articles/gearheads-
modular
➢ http://www.seminarprojects.com/cnc

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