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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
69 views17 pagesChapter 1 Part 3
Uploaded by
yojigip743Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 17
Page-ne opt dableaising, paste = fat py,
= Addvesing J mode ‘sje vetberny to data. 5
~The term add resin de_yr ter tr the Way po tlich the spevend
an jnshuehion IL speuFied -« as
> The eperation Field Fon inshuetion speuleS the cpocubiin te be peybam
= This eperahioo mus? be exetuted on some sate stored in Computey
- Vtpisls_ad memory words» ==
= The way the eperoods BU chosen prgram execution 6s
— elepenslaat eo the adelrening mecle 2 tne inttetion,
= the addressing mode speuibies » vale fer his lev pretin, x rrr
the address field 4 tne instruction bel” the aspeyand is exebivily -
* ve fegented . oe
= Comper use addyening mode technique hr tye purpose 9 gees
me Cy btn JF foe fb ig LOU SOD
_@ Te give plop amnniog wentltty—te versatilily te the ust y proving
Such feurlshe? ay poialeyt- memory, Couatty toy ap Crh} sadexing
4 dal, and Lag tin vad relocation
@_ Tb rechue the nurmbey 4 tn the ede reit ing Bild 9 the inshuctiy
= pregrain Counter (pC). keep track 3 the ipstuchio in the pryran
Stated in memory. PC held toe dddie tbe inshushio rm be
executed next aed ip _incrimeted each tine ar inshrithen is
fetched from memery «
we Lype ge Lresting Lode
Some Fatt:
= ll Computer arcbctecrne preside eve than ont addressing nascle
+The Quetlin aves arn haw tre Cave) ult can cSedernain€ slich cael bi
moder ts being used ind parktwdur Instruction» bm il
~ Severs uppreaches aut wed. Often cifheve,st opccede will we dite
addretsiy poede, Allo got er mere bike inthe Inthethin kamal Can be EA» ebbechive acidress/- An ebfechue address 7S any operand te an
inphucbion wstich veberented memary
at a mode ted, Te value J the rule tied lefomine which
aadvesiiny meade 15 te be wed,
fo [opeade | rmle J AceFT] cl _
OQ Regis lar tivcloaitng Birch se a)
= Pre eperand js tye Contes F preesier register « a
1 The Some % vegister 1s speuthed *9 te insheuchion.
In simple werd duti 15 crveileble with cpu _( Ressler) '
2d. - 94 save wo much time
- of elerS veguived sus ceebivily jashash
- Smell oadvess Field is necded fiat -
jn tue inshickion & no memory
retereut Ho vequited t a
eq mov ra [ free] UY Ky kepistee nbc
plied. pudyess spate? § vee; hows | Lineted
2 alis clborhed an O Reyisler bvech | Audvesly raedle. :
DB feyistey sndbvedl- Pe q
= etherbve waders is Ga = CA)
@ iret add restiag mete | Abfilute ted mode Le
+ the tad vet Aecahien 4 eperend is Given explicthy a4 past _
jie Jnehahin = A
IN dd fete dab hold 14 mertorf , hee thr thud dud is Steved
_-<4__ Move a, 20007 Aadeen) - a = nt 5
= the abet jottauhin copies the Carters 3 nem Jecahioo
Dove mh A _vepii ter
~ were avdveet 9 opetund ie giveo enplidtty fn dnt ins hath’
= Ave Suple foo 9 aadretieg td, TAT] wean
+ in tits audven field Cecdwins ne er
_ ebthechve aetna = 4) ________ Lick +e
= only ene mie Iyveg = 7 = Pat. ¢- 0-Vulelpa
© Dobie? retelvesting mocle _ ee _ ES
= wits birch aacrening tne had dengtr 4 tht _addvctt Bald is uduetlry
1e5§ than the word lengty , thus Linatlting the addreys Yang, __
sone Selutiin is te have eadveH field re tore te aadve ha —
_ werd in memoq. web in aun Couns 4 full egtn addres %
tre Gpeyand » EA = Ca) iJ a
—_eperand ij vat immeclialt ovellable
= baochartk eg. tee
ea ma
men. &
7 eS 7
Leg, mwe A, Cee) * ia
- Register Hdd an aadred $ aadvedf % date i
= Repisley held Joe aadrett which seterh lee Lbotahien & meme Fast
d
Jocabin Corns the addrea Y aerell dere Stored.
Bhs mere processing 15 Veyatred , men ert Caltalate efbechne erdevey) .
_ moze Hime % fetch, bak xehrth- r 7
@ Tnelex_poadt ie .
= The agdrets Held vetemues a main meno andres, todd Hoe ve leret¢
__vepiatey Contuins cr postive hisplateme.t fae thal adver.
ft ter yetovete 1S Same
ale and Sendbirees jrop hich
= Some pumber X_ussl! ge snelex { Kno is on soley
x must $e aoded 7 yeq Coteins.
— 2 - ve Xt dodex
- an _CRI+ X 2 EA Tt vary 00 cpv
- tata Fo eg. Base 1e00-+ jo (index)
ee eddrey oo F. 1elo - tocetHen,
CBuse Rey )
a a ' = Etheeve qe a/res5 9 the ofterand 74. eet G adiye™ Cond ted Valuk
L Cs peuthied tn one Jaddretion) ao tne Conrterds fo rveziste
J Catey
9 noevE 20 CRr) ,A2 = 20tgl Ee
= The above sritrukion loed tt corte $B Reyiste Rr toto the
catweny lecctin otbese Setter eed cng tetany
the Corten!S 2 register ps by Cont Condtont Valar Constant Valat 20
= 3¢ abo ceebled a) Bure inden ¥ med wr lhplatvad sau, Mode.
@__Lmmectiate parde ,
the operand 28 given esplictty. @ xplittty i> Ine Soidruphion
4. mie A, 320° .
E = The above jndtuthon copiet ood 20 jo the vegister A.
Tae_sigp #4 in Kent 2 Me Value % ad operand ts used pe
probit e thet Value Po an tmmecbialt epovaod . a
zeny 5
@ Auk incremedt /decremest mecle
Rigitter bell tne cide) aber that addrets used toe
St sete cmtn_aatcntily iewantl oc ema
et, meve (Re) to fm ;
The above iniduthen Copies the Contes 2 yegistey ky Par tht
memory location Whose agedredd 75 speufed bye Contant J
ely emma Ben) $$
Zelabwt ct made tan Ea anlage ee Bre,
rclex De tbered rude
Ostet. pad , . a
ee - —— fro tC 0-day
__* Conti) Unit - a5 _
To _erecule inst, The preestor must have fume mewa % serving the.
__ Contd! signal needed in tne pnpey Seq.’ -
Becaure executing inth mvelve sre seguage % Subsagh.
= Bath tele Stio tin made up Fa Sequence J meve bundamadkel
operation, called pal gvoinsivuthins
A_singhe palominstachen _genvelly Jooloed at tong mersies bE? vexistoy
iw Hranytey_ bel? _ registey & external sus ey & Sivple ALY operation
ee Combe uh is @ Componeas 2 crv which ebyects epewtion 3 he
prowiser b jt Conte d to-evelinate ett} atlivity Jose»
- 9+ obyeesS ne caution by Ff other g4 Unrt by picling
Hirning & Conbe) Signal -
te cel he Yo 4 dh among precy b dey ke olevite itis aternud _
pat % _mordern sy(fem 2
= Comher uh i3 = digitd cycuihy Codwined wittlin the provers
n= The Cu yetedues external tashyehin ermmand Libich jp Converh .
tate iw Sequence J tentes sip! tral doe cv _applis) tr tre lect
Patp ty implement a Sequente 7 TL _operuhion
= co _perhrm two fast os
OQ _& cause the pricdicy re execute nrlere-nphubicofepemhed jn the_
proper Seq, cletermined by me prin being executed
a ee alk ak ede tte nat. weep.
Ae be executed. _ a
Block oi
—|
Conte) Unit - Cleck - timing keephine 65 brim bug iaterrupit
= lag SA Cincremen_) ~ BB = cimer mem oy Go snl
= ER. opcode 4 inghs is tered epetentie B19 0° - Reged Ray 2
whih supinith. #40 perform
——— itt. x
|e tincdias fetching decoding, exewnbin 1 aly Lt Scheduling, 4 aabestinsbeited.
< A ecu ioevka fy receiving inpul_in tamublen thal if tonverts jaro 6,
Lokich aut tn Smtr Mt Po, phe ov then tell the attuched H/o
Z Two Majer crgenpahua g Corks) walt
O_Hardwive Conte) ue
@Q_ moe npremmed carb wld
QO dardoine Conde) unit 7
These units ant jmplemeted fy
Gated. PIL decodes, be etre’ cht--
= _betier uses fired grelstechut -
= dU Compmedts Can genndé Spewhe vesults baded om tye insinuchten
that were used snvoke thede vespensed.
= These enctiferhuse is predemed jn RISC (Reslutl indth Set Corp)
= A conbilley tal usep THis approach 609 enaute cxf biyh Speed.
bend eved FL has Lette beribitily k me Coptesily g trast.
ne = -
{Cont =a {ae aS
_ —>
ae eae
4 . pee a Conba) uns? _— 2
E = % wilkes so l9sr/sz. ahse cutved wilkes mecdel +
Et _erpundse_an_sey_~ raion inshahiens bk Stored Io spesial Cons] mem
(Ror) ~
~The _alyeattm is spetihed in tomm 2 tes chur.
Ls roe Sirapl ty 4 jt, Shrachad
ea roo cheapey f herist Siephi bed letiyn & ch
«Shas Ioan pad wpved, (Ered ) =
Te execule an snstotheg the Seq Logie
, - 5 bast dssued yead Command % Goahs/ mem
“IF @_Be eer whose eddy is spethed in
524 [Sf Conbel aad xy | ( Cenhe) cody veg IS vend inte the Carbo! suff
7 i
as q
. tobe! repster-
ie 5 \ Sit repnive
_ Gabe! mero @_ Pre Contect Lhe Conhel bu Her regicter
a! Pe ee eee
. in besrmub'on fer the Sequenting Lorie uvrh »
Ay Sool @) Be sequeneiy Lyfe unlt beds 2 new
- wh Address oh me Conk) adtelres register
oo bused on ane ect - eadreds jnfurmechar
. —, bom te Conte! Sufler repistey % me
ge Ale eg -
ase “7a
ow _ obBherene Sef?
bareluited & Atprpryximmed CH
Have Cts ah 2 pyr. cu
— ines = : -
(@ sped = feuat + Bln -
@ tt + more - a thee
Ok = Sey she ~ Preyem ming
Qwerty _- tet _eresible - Ear pelt
P= cb Wicutt mbt
[bet new clevite con dated) -
@whse see REC ets: else '
@)_ Size - Smal tarye = 5
OQ Cockiimen = Besert- + Prevent
BD Covhel Signals gennete lasing (Fs)
tintke Puke wc
edb 875 tem ay
2 eS Jonve ring Carded vom
tabled —Couhu) Sherye Uetp
anne Feeatback Systm —hage no Ht :: fof 6D Vedelpy
wm SUGROUTINES
-__ 40 mesh § te program, ibis effeo required +o eo porfom
Parbicubuy task pene time. on dillret tee valves.
_ Seehe Subtedsk 75 Usually Called at Sadrehnes,
+ Stbrentine Contains e_ Aebirthn 3 fret furdien -
This prathe % caattting % cade /s very efhetive secerere Iasted Z
Pretubey al? jinttuhin inh me yor th 7s betley tr wife
axl mae or finch cabling k debinvhin 13 Somecthar ele.
= fer enamgle 4 Sebrortine am evaluate The Sine bichon or
Serk 2 bist 2 velue Wet inovewalry oy decreasing oydor «
FF 1s__possigle #2 include tne glock Z prttrcbon ae Genttinde ¢
Seb rinbre ot recy place st TS needed in he pryram.
3 Howeley * Save Spete, ony me pf 3 he /adstruhon thet
Cottle me Sonbrmbine 7s placed jn *n@ memory aod ang
Pram tut veyeives tre ure B tne Sembrinkne _Sheply branched —
A tA Stantiny tewbion . s
When a Prgrem Srenched *% 9 Subroutine We toy tuk i Cock
foc Subroutine. —— e
= the inahubiin tpat perrn pals Sronch operahin Fs pomed of
Cell fadtaretion . ;
> Ahoy a Subvoutre has been executed, the callig prying’ pad >
Yesume Ckecubin Cortina tmmesliale, after mre shdbhi trol
Cutled tne Sub Yentine .
tows chant s” a
5 = 7
me = / fo, °F fang, Selnibe
Salome Sabronbing a
—_ Aco (al) sug ——? lose Pt inshrehig
nee sectomer—™\ Setomnst | ety net indhobiey :
2 1 i
F rehirg fae
a OO tl el Phe—Secbriabine/s Sabd A_vetien h the pnqram that talled St by
- execetivy # Return jnitructio -
= Subroctine may be called bron any / lifhereds Amoabin toa Calling fpm.
= Bap return provisien must be masle p»Perly,
Pre Metab’ whoye the callir eKxecusin fs 7
the ocetin parted += by tre upeluted PC _uslile tre Coad)
indtuthin 75 beboy enxecuted
mente tne cada BHe Pe mast be Saved iene eel)
__ prstuetion % enable corvrees return A fre Cathy Pryrum
Melty Subrodine lan go te ang beplh, (alled at neshing 2 subtoctine »
x SUGRvUTINGS LINKAGE METHOD _
—
=e wey mm which o Computer _muked if possible Co and retry
bon Subrothe 75 rebeved to 2 1 Secbrimdine Lukeye 1 nunz;
5 cng atte ~ Fask consist ¥ aSeg J small Shps add, test ote -
= 1) Datn havior bef? tye memory Me Priesion yepister
1S détamcbe k Lig ¢ oporablon go cluta
TD pryram sequesciny & tents)
_W) Yo rans fer
a
# Anghrution shat Line seyuenting
= tes tonpreler_ 09 opetahion ¢ < [4] +[8]
= we have assumed tral tre Compulet alle-0¢ ome memory eporand por
indtewtion and hak a pumber 3 prvesler yerjsjer: _
= we eume thet pre Wer den is 32 Si) and the memery it
— byte edvemeble Spe
=the _three_inthuthen 4 the program art /n _gutcestive werd
“focerthin _, Starling gf Aecabin £. T
= Sine jnghuho js 4 by4e hong » she Setend& ptivd Mndhrtio
sar ak b+y kK 446 -
flere (A) + BF - Execubion +.
i As we el! kyaod pwcesser Coutuind
2g vezister called (PC) prpry Counder
Stet 5 @ | move Ayo ) a hs
444 \ fed B/ Ro
Pgmstegmest > which held) the addres
+e | maé oC dashutheg + be executed pet»
{ 4 “Te bezio emecuting o proprom
2 aa tne _eaces Eth” frst iuhtioo (t)
| deter purt oe placed fh ie OS
& c <
A PrgT? > Then, Me poceer couho) encuih
Use the infrmabin In the PC te
ae feb & execute jnshution
D his? ceelied Shruiyss Lt Sequrting, —— fe A pep 0 Baily
= During pe enccution $ each inshruchn, he PC is tnivemersted by |
-to “point +o he next Indhubin bike £+¢, +12 -- €414 ~ eft.
= Pkecutton 4h, given jrydaetin isa Awo phase prcedurt
OD Indtnuchin fetch i felched it IR In the priced hase Adelredy
Ls a - in toe pe. ( fetched fom mentonp ) a
___@) Sadts Bxetubig eR esominad % _eetermbne wlich fenton
_ 7S +e be pertermed » eT
L ie 2A ia Zs -
ee ——_ a0
ke TERMS (ease aa
Micoprgram a seb {miler inshaushion Hat olebines the Pndivsdtal
operon thal ¢ Computer cues oukin vedpindt te a
machine - Language snitrethior -
-- pcr + prgram iain
= mnicre pre ngrare Stored jn spetielired me ion which responds mort
rapidly tyona eT 00” aelesh- emery 7
~The Length 3 mir pryrg (5 usually Jo— 120 _ Minshsthiord bp
At-inghrathion vequired 16 - 1o0 ov mere brary ckegity
the tenth fa