Mehmet Colak (2023) concluded that self-esteem refers to feelings of love, respect, and trust that
a person feels toward oneself as a result of knowing oneself and evaluating oneself realistically,
accepting their abilities and strengths as they are and embracing oneself self-esteem has a very
important place in human life, especially in adolescence. Adolescents use their self-perception as
a tool when seeking answers to developmental questions such as what they are like and how they
feel about themselves. Self-image plays an important role in the way adolescents approach
themselves, and therefore, in the formation of self-esteem (Mehmet Colak, 2023).
This study seeking the correlation of how satisfaction level affects of using social media
site on Instagram and Facebook in the impact of using social media on body image and self-
esteem in adolescence. The goal of this study was to identify the adolescence satisfaction
towards social media, if it is for educational purposes like posting their body-satisfaction (their
selfies). This would determine if engaging social media helps them to improve their body-
satisfaction (body image) and self-esteem or not.
Theoritical Framework
This study sought to determine the adolescence satisfaction towards social media of the
first-year students studying for a Bachelor in Elementary Education at the Philippine Electronics
and Communication Institute of Technology, ensuring to find out whether they used Facebook
and Instagram for educational purposes. Social comparison theory is the idea that individuals
determine their worth when comparing themselves with others. Nortje (2020) social comparison
can be divided into upward and downward comparisons. Upward comparison is when
individuals compare themselves with others whose abilities are better than their own usually
affecting their self-evaluations and self-esteem in hopes of enhancing their self-assessments.
Conversely, a downward comparison is when individuals compare themselves with someone
worse off than them, which makes the individual perceived to be better off than the comparison
targets. The favorable outcome of downward comparisons is that it produces an enhancement of
the individual’s psychological states. People use social media networks to communicate, build
relationships, and share information; however, it leads to users making upward and downward
comparisons. Upward comparisons create a feeling of envy for other lifestyles, leading
individuals to feel ungrateful for their own lives (Nortje 2020). Verduyn et al. (2020) as social
media usage increases, diverse research focuses on studying the relationship between social
media and social comparisons. Social networking content is generated by peers, and individuals
can decide how and when they wish to upload it. Although some studies show that social
comparison increases subjective well-being and inspiration more studies show the negative
aspects of social comparisons (Verduyn et al. 2020)
Festinger's Theory of Social Comparison, which postulates that, when people lack an
objective point of reference to determine their own progress and social position, they often
evaluate themselves through comparisons with others they consider relevant. Senín-Calderón C
et al. (2020) a growing body of research argues that social comparison processes mediate the
association between social media use and body image concerns. On Instagram, there are greater
opportunities to make comparisons, whereby individual users tend to perceive themselves more
negatively. Isabel Alfonso-Fuertes et al. (2023) Specifically, conclude on Instagram, peers
become sources of vicarious learning, meaning that learning from behavioral observation or from
factual information allows users to learn about editing techniques, evaluation standards among
peers, feedback expectations, and evaluation as evidenced by the number of followers users
haveor the likes needed to validate their physical beauty( Alfonso- Fuertes et al. 2023).
