SUBMITTED BY
NAME: ANAND ABHISHEK HEMBRO
CLASS: XII
ROLL NO: 326
Introduction
Metals and alloys undergo rusting and corrosion. The process
by which some metals when exposed to atmospheric condition
i.e., moist air, carbon dioxide form undesirable compounds on
the surface is known as corrosion, The compounds formed are
usually oxides. Rusting is also a type of corrosion but the term
is restricted to iron or products made from it .Iron is easily
prone to rusting making its surface rough. Chemically, rust is a
hydrated ferric oxide.
Titanic’s bow exhibiting microbial corrosion damage in the
form of ‘rusticles’.
Rusting an Electrochemical
Mechanism
Rusting may be explained by an electrochemical mechanism. In
the presence of moist air containing dissolved oxygen or carbon
dioxide, the commercial iron behave as if composed of small
electrical cells. At anode of cell, iron passes into solution as
ferrous ions. The electron moves towards the cathode and form
hydroxyl ions. Under the influence of dissolved oxygen the
ferrous ions and hydroxyl ions interact to form rust, i.e.,
hydrated ferric oxide.
Methods of Prevention of Corrosion
and Rusting
Some of the methods used to prevent corrosion and rusting are
discussed here :
Barrier Protection
In the method , a barrier film is introduced between iron
surface and atmospheric air. The film is obtained by painting,
varnishing etc.
Sacrificial Protection
The metallic iron is covered by a layer of more reactive metal,
such as zinc. The active metal losses electrons in preference.
Thus, protecting from rusting and corrosion.
Electrical Protection
The metallic iron is connected with more active metals like
magnesium or zinc. The active metal has lower reduction
potential than iron. This method is used for protecting iron
articles which are in contact with water.
Anti-Rust Solution
To retard the corrosion of iron, certain anti-rust solutions are
used, example-alkaline phosphate and alkaline chromates.
CERTIFICATE OF
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to hereby to certify that a student Anand Abhishek
Hembrom ,a student of class XII SCIENCE has successfully
completed his research on this topic.
“RUSTING OF IRO”
Under the guidance of Dr. S. K. SENGUPTA during year 2023-
2024 in partial fulfillment chemistry practical conducted by
JAC Board.
Signature of Examiner Signature of Teacher
Aim of the project
In this project the aim is to investigate effect of the metals
coupling on the rusting of iron. Metal coupling affects the
rusting of iron . If the nail is coupled with a more electro-
positive metal like zinc, magnesium or aluminium rusting is
prevented but if on the other hand , it is coupled with less
electro – positive metals like copper , the rusting is facilitated.
Requirement :
1) Two Petri dishes
2) Four test – tube
3) Four iron nails
4) Beaker
5) Sand paper
6) Wire gauge
7) Gelatin
8) Copper, zinc & magnesium strips
9) Potassium ferricyanide solution
10)Phenolphthalein
Procedure
1) At first we have to clean the surface of iron nails with the help
of sand paper.
2) After that we have to wind zinc strip around one nail, a clean
copper wire around the second & clean magnesium strip
around the third nail. Then to put all these three and a fourth
nail in Petri dishes so that they are not in contact with each
other.
3) Then to fill the Petri dishes with hot agar-agar solution in
such a way that only lower half of the nails are covered with the
liquids .Covered Petri dishes for one day or so.
4) The liquids set to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches are
observed around the rusted nail, one is blue and the other pink.
Blue patch is due to the formation of potassium ferro-
ferricyanide where pink patch is due to the formation of
hydroxyl ions which turns colourless phenolphthalein to pink.
Conclusion
It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with more
electropositive metals such as zinc and magnesium resists
corrosion and rusting of iron. Coupling of iron with less
electropositive metals such as copper increases rusting.
Bibliography
1) Internet- www.wikipedia.com
2) Comprehensive (Practical Chemistry – XII)
3) NCERT Chemistry Textbooks
4) www.class12guide.wordpress.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge everyone
who has helped me in every stage of this project.
This project entitled “RUSTING OF IRON” has been conducted
and completed by me under the supervision and guidance of
“Dr. S.K. SENGUPTA” without whose encouragement it would
not have been possible.
Sincere thanks to my Teachers, Friends and Parents whose
invaluable help has provided me the necessary impetus to
complete this project in the given timeframe.
ANAND ABHISHEK HEMBROM
XII (I.Sc.)
GOSSNER COLLEGE RANCHI
INDEX
Introduction
Rusting an Electrochemical Mechanism
Methods of Prevention of Corrosion and Rusting
Aim of the project
Procedure
Conclusion
Bibliography
