BASIC CONCEPT PAPERS OF ELEMENTARY PHYSICS ON

“REGULAR STRAIGHT MOTION”

Lecturers:
Dr. Yanti Fitria, S.Pd., M.Pd.

Compiled By:
Shofyah Najla Putri (23129387)

PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2023

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 FOREWORD

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.Praise be to

Allah, the Creator of the universe, who has blessed us with the ability to explore
the mysteries of the physical world. As we embark on the study of the Basic
Concepts of Elementary School Physics course in the form of a paper on “Regular
Straight Motion” smoothly and on time.

I would like to express my grattitude to the lecturer,Mrs Dr. Yanti Fitria,

S.Pd., M.Pd. who have directed the writer to completing this paper.

The author is aware that this paper is far from perfect, therefore it is hoped
that criticism and suggestions can be given to readers to further improve this paper.
hopefully it will be useful, thank you.

Padang,26 September 2023

Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………i

FORWARDED……………………………………………………………………ii

TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………………….iii

SUMMARY JOURNALS…………………………………………………………1

CHAPTER I BACKGROUND

A. BACKGROUND……………………………………………………………
B. PROBLEM STATEMENT………………………………………………..
C. PURPOSE WRITING……………………………………………………

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

A. REGULAR STRAIGHT MOTION………………………

B. DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT……………………
C. VELOCITY AND SPEED………………………………..
D. EXAMPLE OF MOTION EXAMPLE……………………
1. FREE FALL MOTION…………………………………
2. VERTICAL UPWARD MOTION……………………..
E. QUESTION AND ON THE TOPIC……………………

CHAPTER III CLOSING

A. SUGGESTION…………………………………………………..
B. CONCLUSION………………………………………………….

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1.1 SUMMARY OF 3 JOURNALS ON REGULAR STRAIGHT MOTION

Straight motion changes regularly or what can be called (GLB) is a

movement that along its straight trajectory moves at a constant speed.

There are several things that must be considered in GLB, namely,

1. Straight trajectory, where there is no significant change in direction or the

object moves along a straight line.

2. The constant speed, the constant movement of the velocity of the object in
GLB will remain the same over time, because the object itself moves in the
same amount and time interval.

3. Time velocity, in regular straight motion is a straight line that is horizontal

indicating that the velocity does not change.

4. Distance formula, distance formula, to calculate the distance travelled by an

object in regular straight motion, we can use a simple formula where s is the
distance and v is the speed and t is the time.

5. Zero Acceleration, in Straight Motion with Regular Change or commonly

called GLB, the acceleration is zero because the velocity does not change. this
means that there is no force acting on the object that causes acceleration.

For examples of regular straight motion in everyday life, there are quite a lot
and it is a common activity that we do every day.that we generally do every
day. For example, a person riding a bicycle traveling straight 60 km/h on a
straight road. The person riding the bicycle can be categorized as GLB in
physics because the bicycle is also an object that moves at a fixed rate of 60
km/h. which is 60 km/h. So if we calculate the distance traveled by the cycling
person, he will travel 60 km in time. will cover a distance of 60 km in one
hour. Or if the bicycle path is only 1 km long, then the distance can be covered
in just 1 minute.
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The following are the characteristics of an object experiencing regular straight
motion

1. Feels on a straight line trajectory

2. The speed on the object is fixed or constant

3. Velocity is directly proportional to displacement and inversely proportional to

time

graph of speed against time

This graph is very helpful in interpreting things easily and quickly and also makes
it easier for us to find the relationship between speed, displacement, and travel time
so it will be very helpful if a graph of the relationship between the three
components is drawn.

the speed of an object in the graph above is 3m/s. 1,2,3 and so on are the travel
time. and try to observe that even though the time changes from 1 second to 5, the
speed of the object is always the same (marked by a straight line).

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Regular Straight Motion,also known as constant velocity motion, is a

fundamental concept in physics. It describes the motion of an object that moves
in a straight line with a constant speed. In this type of motion, the object covers
equal distances in equal time intervals. This type of motion is a simplified
model used to study the behavior of objects in various physical situations, such
as a car traveling on a straight road or a ball rolling down a slope without
friction.

1.2 Problems Formulation

1. What is meant by Regular Straight Motion?

2. What are the formulas for Regular Straight Motion?
3. Examples of Regular Straight Motion?

1.3 Purpose of Writing

1. to describe about basic concept of regular straight motion to reader

2. to tell about definition of regular straight motion and how to count
distance,speed and time in everyday life
3. to give readers can understand the basic principles of Straight Regular
Motion clearly and can apply them in various contexts.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Regular Straight Motion

Regular Straight Motion is also very important in physics. The concept of

straight motion is a basic material in physics. This concept is also a fundamental
material. In addition, this material also has a great influence in the discovery of
science and technology.Regular straight motion can also be called speed. Thus we
can define regular straight motion as the motion of an object on a straight
trajectory with a fixed speed. And regular straight motion is motion whose
trajectory is a straight line with a speed that changes regularly.

Regular straight motion is the motion of an object on a straight path at a

fixed speed. An object is also said to be moving in a regular straight line if it can
travel the same distance in the same time interval and the trajectory is a straight
line. In this case, speed is the ratio between the distance covered by an object and
the time it takes to do so:

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From the formula above we know that the only factors that affect regular straight
motion are speed and time. Since speed is fixed, we can graph the relationship
between distance and time as follows:

The graph of distance versus time will be a diagonal line. This is because in GLB
there is no change in speed.

In regular straight motion, an object travels the same distance in the same

time. For example, a moving car travels 2 metres in 1 second, then the next 1
second it travels 2 metres again, and so on.

1 second, then the next 1 second travels another 2 metres, and so on.

In other words, the ratio of distance to time is always constant, or the speed is
constant.

the speed is constant. In GLB, speed and velocity are almost indistinguishable
because the trajectory is straight.

because the straight trajectory causes the distance and displacement travelled to be
the same.

the same magnitude.

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Underground electric trains in developed countrie take only a few seconds to reach
a speed over a long period of time. The linear motion ends when the train is braked
when entering a station

Example :

A car travels at a steady speed of 36 km/h. Calculate the distance travelled by the
car

for 10 seconds. ?

Answer:

Given speed v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s

t = 10 seconds

s = v x t = 10 m/s x 10 seconds = 100 m

Regular straight motion has a wide impact in our daily lives. this phenomenon can
occur when an object moves at a constant speed in one direction, without any
acceleration. the study of regular straight motion has a crucial role in the basic
fundamental aspects of physics.

It found it in a variety of contexts, ranging from the movement of everyday objects

such as cars moving on a highway to objects on a cosmic scale such as planets
orbiting the sun. Such understanding is key to explaining and predicting various
natural phenomena and modern technology.

In this paper, I will investigate the concept of regular straight motion and I will
also outline the formulas used to calculate the parameters of regular straight
motion. and how these concepts can solve regular straight motion problems. by
understanding straight motion we can add a better insight into the way the universe
operates and how it can be utilized in various aspects of daily life.

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B. DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT

Distance and displacement are two different but familiar terms in physics. in
physics, distance is a scalar quantity and displacement is a vector quantity. distance
is the length of the path traveled, while displacement is the change in position or
position of the object in terms of the initial position and the final position of the
object.

Distance only concerns the length of the road but displacement concerns
how far the displacement is and the direction of displacement. as a reference, the
displacement heading north is taken at a positive price, the displacement in the
opposite direction or the displacement heading south is taken at a negative price. so
the explanation is that the distance is positive and negative depending on the
reference point and direction of motion.

In cartesian coordinates, displacement can be written in the direction of

thex-axis and y-axis. Displacement in the x-axis direction is positive, i.e., the
direction is always to the right, and vice versa, then in the y-axis direction is
negative and the direction is always to the left.

The general method used to calculate displacement is by subtracting the final

position from the initial position subtracting the final position from the initial
position.

C. VELOCITY AND SPEED

In everyday life we often equate the meaning of speed and velocity as when
riding a motorcycle. we often use the word speed to express the fast movement of
the motorcycle. whereas the right word to use is velocity. velocity and speed have
different meanings. if speed is a vector quantity, while velocity is a scalar quantity.
the velocity of an object can be determined by the distance traveled by the object
with the time interval required to travel it, regardless of the direction of
displacement.

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Examples of Speed in Everyday Life:Examples of speed include cars moving on a
highway, runners running on a track, airplanes flying in the sky, and so on.Speed is
also found in everyday tools such as thermometers, speedometers in vehicles, and
smartphone apps that track travel speed.

Factors Affecting Speed:The speed of objects can be affected by a variety of

factors, including force, friction, air resistance, etc.In a vacuum, objects will more
easily reach maximum speed because there is no air resistance.

Examples of Positive and Negative Speed:Positive Speed occurs when an object

increases its speed over time, such as a car accelerating after stopping at a red
light.Negative acceleration (deceleration) occurs when an object decreases its
speed over time, such as a car approaching a red light and having to stop.

Straight Motion with Constant Velocity:In straight motion with constant velocity,
the object moves with a velocity that does not change with time. The distance
traveled can be calculated by the formula (d = v \cdot t), where (d) is the distance,
(v) is the speed, and (t) is the time.

Technological Applications: The concepts of speed and velocity are used in

various technological applications such as GPS (Global Positioning System) to
track the movement of vehicles, radar to measure the speed of aircraft, and so on.

To understand again the difference between speed and velocity, let's say that

let's say there is a car moving from Serang to Tanggerang with65 km/h. Compared
to the statement of an airplane that leaving Husein Sastranegara airport Bandung
with a speed of 250km/h. Heading east towards Yogyakarta. Here we can
distinguish that the car has a speed because it does not pay attention to the
direction of motion of the car, while the airplane is said to have speed because the
airplane moves in a certain direction direction, namely to the east. Speed can be
defined as the average for a very short time interval

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The tool used to check an object moving straight in a regular manner is called a
ticker timer.

A ticker timer is a device used in physics to measure the speed or

acceleration of a moving object. This tool consists of an electronic timer that
produces a series of marks or signs in the form of lines on a piece of paper running
at a constant speed. Ticker timers are used in various physics experiments,
especially those related to the motion of objects.

Here are some common uses of ticker timers:

1. Measure Speed: By tying the timer ticker to a moving object, you can
measure the speed of that object. As the object moves, the timer ticker will
create sequential signs on the paper. The distance between these signs can
be used to calculate the speed of objects, since the distances between such
signs are generated at the same time interval.

2. Measuring Acceleration: A timer ticker can also be used to measure the

acceleration of objects. By hanging a moving object on a hook, you can
measure its acceleration when the marks on the paper shift faster or
slower, indicating positive or negative acceleration.

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3. Probing Circular Motion: The timer ticker can be used to study circular
motion, such as the motion of planets or the rotation of objects around a
particular axis. By rotating the object around its midpoint, you can generate
signs that form a circular pattern on the paper.

4. Probing Projectile Motion: Ticker timers can be used to study projectile

motion, such as the motion of objects thrown horizontally or vertically. By
throwing an object and tying a timer ticker to it, you can measure the time
it takes for the object to reach a certain point.

5. Simple Harmonic Motion Study: The timer ticker can be used to understand
simple harmonic motion, such as spring motion or waves formed on a
wobble string.

The use of ticker timers is very beneficial in physics experiments because it

helps to measure time with high precision, which can then be used to calculate
various motion parameters, such as speed, acceleration, and distance. It helps
scientists and students to understand and study various aspects of object motion
in the context of physics.

D. EXAMPLES OF MOTION EXAMPLES

1. FREE FALL MOTION

Free fall motion is one example of regular straight motion in physics. This
motion occurs when an object falls under the influence of the earth's gravity and
there are no other forces that affect its motion other than the force of gravity.

1. Gravitational Force: The force of gravity is the force of attraction between

an object with mass and a planet (such as the earth). This force always pulls
objects towards the center of the planet. On the surface of the Earth, the
acceleration of gravity is usually symbolized by "g" and has a value of about
9.8 m/s² (meters per second squared).

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1. Nature of Regular Straight Motion: In regular straight motion, objects move
along a straight trajectory at a constant speed or constant acceleration. In
the context of free fall, when we ignore air resistance, objects will fall
vertically towards the Earth's surface with a constant gravitational
acceleration.

2. Equation of Motion: To describe the motion of free fall, we can use a simple
equation of motion, known as the equation of regular straight motion. This
equation is:

d=12gt2d=21gt2

where:

1. DD is the distance traveled by an object in meters (m).

2. GG is the acceleration of Earth's gravity in m/s².

3. TT is the time traveled in seconds(s).

This equation gives the relationship between the distance traveled by the
object (especially in vertical descent) and the time that has elapsed.

3. Speed: The speed of objects in free fall motion will continue to increase
over time. This is due to the constant acceleration of gravity. In other
words, every second, the object's speed will increase by gg (about 9.8 m/s)
in a downward direction.

4. Free Fall in a Vacuum: In a vacuum, where there is no air resistance, all

objects will be in free fall with the same gravitational acceleration,
regardless of their mass. This means that under these conditions, all objects
will experience free fall with the acceleration of gravity gg, regardless of the
mass of the object.

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 Free fall motion is one of the fundamental concepts in physics, and an
understanding of it is essential in understanding various physical phenomena,
such as projectile launches, planetary movements, and many other applications in
science and technology.

2. VERTICAL DOWNWARD MOTION

Vertical downward motion is the motion of an object that is thrown

perpendicularly downward with a certain initial velocity (Vo = 0). And in its entire
motion, the object always experiences a fixed acceleration equal to the acceleration
of gravity.

In vertical motion, the velocity of the object will continue to increase as it

falls due to the influence of the Earth's gravity. However, the acceleration
experienced by the object remains constant, which is 9.8 m/s^2 pointing
downwards (also known as the acceleration of gravity).

An example of vertical motion is when you throw a marble upwards, the

marble will move upwards and then at the maximum height will stop for a moment
before finally moving in free fall downwards, due to the force of gravity.

Characteristics of vertical downward motion:

1. The initial velocity is not equal to zero

2. The trajectory is perpendicular downward.

3. The acceleration is fixed and equal to the acceleration of gravity.

A stone is thrown into a well with an initial velocity of 5 m/s and touches the
water surface of the well after 2 seconds. What is the depth of the well?

Discussion

Unknown:

vo = 5 m/s

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 t = 2 seconds

g = 10 m/s2

Asked:

The depth of the well (h)?

Answer:

Known vo, t and g, asked h

The motion of an object that is thrown perpendicularly downward with a

certain initial velocity (v0 ≠ 0). In its entire motion, the object always experiences
a fixed acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity.

Characteristics of Vertical Downward Motion (GVB)

1. The trajectory is a vertical straight line

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2. Moves from the highest point to the lowest point

3. Has an initial velocity

4. The speed of the object increases over time before finally stopping at the surface

Because it is affected by gravity, its acceleration is equal to the acceleration of

gravity, which is positive (a=g).

3. VERTICAL UPWARD MOTION

Vertical upward motion is the phenomenon of objects moving against the direction
of the Earth's gravity, which tends to pull objects downward.

1. Gravity: Gravity is an attractive force that acts on all objects with mass. On
Earth, gravity is responsible for the downward movement of objects. The Earth's
gravity value is about 9.8 m/s².

2. Acceleration: Acceleration is the change in the speed of an object over time. In

vertical upward motion, negative acceleration occurs because gravity reduces the
speed of the rising object.

3. Initial and final velocity: The initial velocity is the velocity of the object when it
starts moving upwards, while the final velocity is the velocity when it reaches the
peak of the movement before reversing direction.

4. Rise time: The time it takes for an object to reach the peak of motion before
reversing direction.

5. Maximum height: Maximum height is the maximum height reached by an object

before it reverses direction.

6. Newton's laws of motion: Vertical upward motion can be explained by Newton's

Laws of motion, specifically Newton's 2nd Law (F = ma). In vertical motion, the
force of gravity acts as a force that produces downward acceleration

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7. Kinetic and potential energy: During vertical upward motion, the kinetic energy
of the object decreases due to the change in velocity, while the potential energy
increases due to the increasing height of the object.

8. Parabolic motion: If an object is thrown vertically upwards with a large enough

initial velocity, then the motion of the object will follow a parabolic pattern. This is
due to the influence of gravity continuing to prevail.

Characteristics of Vertical Upward Motion

An object is said to move vertically upwards if it shows the following

characteristics:

1.The object moves with a trajectory in the form of a straight line in the vertical
direction

2.The object moves from the lowest point to the highest point

3.The speed of the object changes regularly (decreasing)

4.The speed of the object at the highest point (maximum height) is equal to zero

Objects experience propagation (a = g).

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The formula for the time it takes for an object to reach its maximum height

Description:

tmax = time for the object to reach the maximum height (s)

tc = time required by the object to fall back (s)

200%;">v0 = initial velocity (m/s)

g = acceleration of gravity (10 m/s2)

y = height of the object (m)

Just like vertical downward motion, vertical upward motion (GVA) also uses
the Law of Mechanical Energy Deficiency. The greatest kinetic energy occurs at
the lowest point while the greatest potential energy lies at the highest point.

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON THE TOPIC OF REGULAR
STRAIGHT MOTION

1. What is meant by regular straight motion?

Answer: Regular straight motion is a type of motion in which an object
moves along a straight path at a constant speed. This means that the
object will cover the same distance in the same time interval

2. What happens to the graph of distance against time in regular

straight motion?
Answer: The graph of distance against time in regular straight motion
will be a straight line forming a fixed angle with the time axis. This line
shows that the object is moving at a constant speed.

3. What is a daily life example of regular straight motion?

Answer: Examples of regular straight motion in everyday life include a
car moving at a constant speed on a highway, a clock hand turning at a
constant speed, or an aeroplane maintaining speed during a straight
flight.

4. What distinguishes regular straight motion from other

motions?

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 Answer: What distinguishes regular straight motion is that in this
motion, the object moves along a straight path at a constant speed.
This means that the object will cover the same distance in the same
time interval without any acceleration.

5. What happens to the velocity of an object if there is no acceleration

in regular straight motion?
Answer: If there is no acceleration in regular straight motion, then
the velocity of the object will remain constant. This means that the
object will continue to move at the same speed along its straight
path.

6. Why can the motion of planets around the sun be considered as an

example of regular straight motion?
Answer: The motion of planets around the sun can be considered
as an example of regular straight motion because the planets move
in elliptical trajectories (which can be considered as straight
trajectories in a larger context) with a relatively constant average
speed.

7. How does a change in initial velocity affect regular straight

motion?
Answer: A change in the initial velocity will change the velocity of
the object initially, but if the object then undergoes regular straight
motion, the velocity will return to being constant after the initial
change. So, the initial velocity only affects the initial phase of the
motion

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8. What is the graph of velocity versus time for an object in regular
straight motion?
Answer: The graph of velocity against time for an object in regular
straight motion will be a horizontal line, as the velocity remains
constant over time.

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CONCLUSIONS RELATED TO THE TOPIC OF
REGULAR STRAIGHT MOTION

In regular straight motion, the velocity of an object

remains constant along its straight path. This means
that the object will travel the same distance in the
same time interval, without any acceleration.

The change in distance travelled by an object in GLB

depends on speed and time. The higher the speed, the
longer the distance travelled in the same time.

A graph of distance against time in GLB produces a

straight line that forms a fixed angle with the time
axis. This shows consistency in the movement of the
object.

GLB has many applications in everyday life, such as

in motor vehicle travel, clockwork movement, and
aircraft travel that maintains speed during straight
flight.

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GLB is the first step to understanding different types
of motion, including straight line motion, parabolic
motion, and circular motion. It helps in building a
foundation of a deeper understanding of physics.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A.SUGGESTION
To understand regular straight motion well, you should
start by learning the basic concepts of distance, time and
speed in physics. Next, practice simple calculations
related to regular straight motion to strengthen your
understanding. Feel free to use tools such as graphs or
simulation software for better visualisation.

B.CONCLUSION
In regular straight motion, objects move at a constant
speed over time. By understanding the relationship
between distance, time, and velocity, we can easily
calculate the parameters of the motion. Regular straight
motion is one of the basic concepts in physics that is
important for understanding various natural phenomena
and their applications in everyday life.

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 LITERATURE

https://www.gurupendidikan.co.id/gerak-lurus-beraturan/

https://www.studocu.com/id/document/universitas-agung-
podomoro/public-health/kinematika-gerak-lurus-beraturan-
siti-aisyah/46022783

https://www.studocu.com/id/document/universitas-prima-
indonesia/fisika-dasar-i/fisika-i-gaya-dan-gerak-apa-yang-
dimaksud-dengan-gerak-lurus-berubah-beraturan/47563448

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