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Notebook Work Coal & Petroleum

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels that are formed from the remains of ancient organisms. Lignite contains less carbon than anthracite and produces less energy when burned. Coal tar is a liquid fuel containing over 250 components used to make dyes and chemicals, while coal gas is a gaseous fuel mainly containing methane used as fuel. Petroleum is separated into usable components like gasoline, kerosene, and diesel through fractional distillation. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources that, when burned, release greenhouse gases contributing to global warming.

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36 views2 pages

Notebook Work Coal & Petroleum

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels that are formed from the remains of ancient organisms. Lignite contains less carbon than anthracite and produces less energy when burned. Coal tar is a liquid fuel containing over 250 components used to make dyes and chemicals, while coal gas is a gaseous fuel mainly containing methane used as fuel. Petroleum is separated into usable components like gasoline, kerosene, and diesel through fractional distillation. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources that, when burned, release greenhouse gases contributing to global warming.

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aryanshaindilya
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 5

COAL & PETROLEUM


1. Differentiate between:
a. Lignite & Anthracite
Lignite Anthracite
Also called brown coal. It is grey-black in colour.
Contain less carbon. Contain more carbon.
Produce less energy in burning. Produce more energy on heating.
Produces more smoke on Produces less smoke on burning.
burning.

b. Coal tar & Coal gas


Coal tar Coal gas
It is a liquid fuel. It is a gaseous fuel.
It contains 250+ components.
It mainly contains methane with
some hydrogen & carbon
monoxide.
Is a source of many dyes, It is used as fuel only.
aromatic compounds & other
chemicals.

2. How are petrochemicals useful to us?


Ans: They are used in making synthetic rubber, plastics, dyes, polymers, drugs etc.

3. Explain the process of separating crude oil into usable components.


Ans: Petroleum refining is the process used to obtain useful fractions from
petroleum oil. It is based on a process called fractional distillation. In this process,
vapours of petroleum oil are allowed to rise upwards in a fractionating tower.
Inside the tower, temperature decreases from bottom to top. Vapours cool down as
they move upwards and separate into different fractions like Natural gas, petrol &
kerosene oil.

4. What are fossil fuels? Why is coal called a fossil fuel?


Ans: Fuels obtained by the natural breakdown of fossils are called fossil fuels. Coal
is a fossil fuel obtained from fossils of trees.

5. Explain the process of formation of coal in nature.


Ans: Ages ago green vegetation got buried under layers of soil due to some natural
calamity. In absence of air, high temperature from mantle, and high pressure of
earth crust transformed these dead organisms into coal by removal of volatile
components.
6. Discuss the process of destructive distillation
of coal.
Ans: Coal is heated in absence of air and vapours
are passed through water to obtain different
fraction. It produces Coke, Ammoniacal liquor,
Coal gas & Coal tar.

7. Name the process involved in separating fractions of petroleum. Write the name of five
constituents obtained from petroleum and their uses.
Ans: The process is called fractional distillation which is used for refining
petroleum oil.
Patrol : As fuel in light vehicles
Kerosene : In making aviation fuel
Petroleum gas : As domestic fuel (LPG)
Bitumen : Surfacing roads
Petrochemicals : Making polymers

8. Is CNG a safe fuel to use? Give a reason for your answer.


Ans: Yes, CNG is safe & eco-friendly, as it is less polluting & leaves no residue.

9. How are fossil fuels harmful to the environment?


Ans: Fossil fuels are harmful as:
They produce carbon dioxide which causes global warming.
They produce oxides of sulphur & nitrogen which cause acid rain.
They produce smoke on burning which cause asthama.

10. Planting of trees help in checking global warming. How?


Ans: Global warming is mainly caused by excess CO2 in the atmosphere through the
greenhouse effect. Trees will absorb excess CO2, which will reduce greenhouse
effect & global warming.

11. Make a well labelled diagram to depict petroleum & natural gas deposits.
Ans:

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