Law of Chemical Combinations Significant Figures
Balance a Chamical Equation Liquid
• All the non-zero numbers in a measurement
Write correct formulas of reactant are significant.
• Zeroes sandwiched anywhere between non-
& products
Avagadro's Low of Definite Gay Lussac's Law zeroes are significant. Gases
↓ • Zeroes to the left of a first non-zero digits Matter
proportions
Balance number of C atoms are not significant.
@ Constant A given @ Constant Volume, ↓ • The zeroes to the right of the last non-zero Solid
pressure compound digits are significant if no. has a decimal point.
pressure is directly Balance number of H atoms
& temperature, always contain exactly proportional to volume ↓
Volume is directly the same proportions Balance number of O atoms
proportional of elements ↓
to no of moles Low of multiple Verify number of atoms of elements
proportions
Low of Conservation
If two elements can
of mass
combine to form more than Stoichiometry
Mixture
Matter can neither one compound, the masses of Environment
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EMISTRY
The reactant that is Daltion's Atomic Theory
Limiting Reagent
entirely used up in a
reaction Importance Environment Forensic
• Atoms consists of indivisble atoms.
• All the atoms of a given element have identical
Science proporties including identical mass.
• Atoms are neither created non destroyed.
• Compounds are formed when atoms of
different elements combine in a fixed
ratio.
Concentration terms
Dilution
Moles (n) Emperical & Molecular Formula
M1V1 = M2V2 No. of moles of Solute
given number n Step 1 → Conversion of mass % to grams Volume of Solution in L
n= =
Avagadrio's No n A Step 2 → Convert into number moles of each element no. of moles of solute
Molarity Weight of solutein Kg weight of solvent in kg
⇓ Step 3 → Divide the mole value obtained above by the Volume of Solution in L
given mass m Basicity w% Molarity
n= = smallest Number v
Molar mass M
Step 4 → Write Emperical formula by Mentioning the No of H+ ion
⇓ Temperature
Temperature
Dependent
displaced in Volume of Solute in L
Independent
no. after writing the symbols of respective v% Moles of solute or Solvent Mole
given Volume V one molecule Volume of Solution in L
n= = v fraction
22.4 L 22.4L elements the acid Total moles of Solution
Step 5 → Writing Molecular Formula
(a) Determine EF mass Add the atomic Normality w
Acidity Weight of Solute in kg %
× 100 w
masses of various atoms present in the EF Molarity × n-factor Weight of Solution in kg
No of OH– ion PPM Parts
(b) Divide molar masses by EF mass displaced in one per Million
(c) Multiply EF by n obtained above molecule of
the base Weight of Solute in kg
× 10 6
Weight of Solution in kg
