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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE

Unit-I
Short Answer Questions

1. Differentiate Computer Organization and Architecture

2. What are different types of computers? Mention their applications.
3. Explain the stored program organization in detail.
4. What are the types of micro operations?
5. Discuss about logic micro operations.
6. List out the typical logical and bit manipulation instructions.
Long Answer Questions

1. Draw the block diagram of a digital computer and explain purpose of each part.
2. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary: 1231, 673, 1998.
3. Explain the following.
(a) Register Transfer
(b) Input-Output and Interrupt
4. What is register transfer language? With suitable examples, explain the
representation of instructions in register transfer language and assembly
language.
5. A digital computer has common bus system for 16 registers of 32 bis each.
The bus is constructed with multiplexers.
(a) How many selection input lines are there in each multiplexer?
(b) What types of multiplexers are needed?
(c) How many multiplexers are there in the bus?
6. Draw the bus system for four registers and explain.
7. Design a 4-bit combinational decremental circuit using four full adders
8. Explain in detail life cycle of an instruction.
9. An 8-bit register contains the binary value 10011100. What is the register
value after an Arithmetic Shift Right? Starting from the initial number
10011100, determine the register value after an arithmetic Shift Left, and
state whether there is an overflow.
10. Perform the arithmetic operation (+42)+(-13) and (-42)-(-13) in binary using
signed 2’s complement representation for negative numbers
11. Draw the flowchart for instruction cycle and explain. b) Explain the
following instructions: BUN, ISZ, BSA, LDA, STA
12. Briefly write about instruction codes.

Unit-II
Short Answer Questions

1. What is a control memory?

2. Define microinstruction and micro program.
3. What is a control word?
4. What is sequencer? Mention its functions.
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of micro programming?
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6. Write about the fetch routine in symbolic microinstructions.

7. What must be the address field of the indexed addressing modes be to make
it same as a register indirect addressing mode instruction?
Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the microprogram sequencer for control memory with neat diagram.
Or
Draw block diagram of a control memory and the associated hardware
needed for selecting the next micro instruction address.

2. How many time does the control unit refers to memory when it fetches and
executes an indirect addressing mode instruction if the instruction is,
a. A computational type requiring an operand from memory
b. A branch type
3. Explain in detail various addressing modes with examples
4. Define microinstruction and microprogram. Write an example for microprogram.
5. What is hardwired control? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
6. Make a comparison between hardwired control unit and microprogrammed
control unit. Is it possible to have a hardwired control unit associated with
control memory?
7. A computer has 16 registers, an ALU with 32 operations and a shifter with
eight operations, all connected to a common bus i) Formulate a control
word for a micro operation ii) Specify the number of bits in each field of
control word and give a general encoding scheme
8. What are addressing modes? Explain the various addressing
modes with examples.
9. What are the common fields found in the instruction format? Explain
variousinstruction formats based on types of CPU Organization.
Or
Discuss various types of instruction
formats.
10. Explain in detail about data transfer instructions
11. Explain various Data Manipulation instructions with examples
12. What are the basic differences among a branch instruction, a call
subroutine instruction, and program interrupt?

Unit-III

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the data types?

2. Why should the sign of remainder is same as the sign of the dividend
3. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:1231;673 and 1998.
4. Show that there can be no mantissa overflow after a multiplication operation.
5. Convert the number (7654)8 to hexadecimal.
6. What is the difference between the restoring and non-restoring method of
division?
Long Answer Questions
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1. Distinguish between fixed point representation and floating point

representation.
2. Explain Floating point representation in decimal number system
3. Explain various number systems and number representations used in system.
4. Represent the number (+46.5)10 as a floating-point binary number with 24
bits. The normalized fraction mantissa has 16 bits and the exponent has 8
bits
5. Explain the subtraction operation with signed 2’s complement representation.
6. Derive an algorithm in flowchart form for adding and subtracting two fixed
point binary numbers when negative numbers are in signed 2’s
complement representation.
7. Multiplicand B=10111, Multiplier A= 10011. Explain the hardware
implementation and algorithm for multiply operation.
8. With an example explain the Booth’s Multiplication Algorithm
9. Dividend A=01110 Divisor B=10001. Explain flowchart for divide operation.
10. Explain the decimal addition operation with a neat diagram

Unit-IV
Short Answer Questions

1. What is the difference between isolated I/O and memory mapped I/O?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
2. Define source -initiated transfer using handshaking.
3. Write about first-in and first-out buffers in asynchronous data transfer
4. Differentiate between static and dynamic memory
Or
Compare between static RAMs and dynamic
RAMs.
5. Differentiate logical and physical address representations
Long Answer Questions

1. What is meant by handshaking? Explain with neat diagram.

2. Explain programmed I/O in detail.
3. Demonstrate how communication proceeds between CPU and IOP.
4. Explain in detail various I/O modes of transfer.
5. Show internal configuration of a DMA controller diagrammatically and
explain howit’s working.
6. Explain about Prioritized Interrupts and interrupts cycle.
7. Explain daisy chain priority interrupt.
8. Explain associative memory hardware organization in detail.
9. Explain the cache memory mapping techniques.
Or
Explain various mapping procedures of cache memory with an example.
Or
Explain Cache memory organization with Associative mapping? Explain
how it improves the memory access time?
10. Explain the functionalities of memory management hardware.
11. What is the need for replacement? Explain various cache block
replacement algorithms.[10]
12. Draw and Explain about the virtual memory organization.
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Unit-V
Short Answer Questions

1. What is pipelining? Draw the diagram for instruction pipelining.

2. Write a short note on Array Processor.
3. What is cache coherence?
4. Write down the expressions for speedup factor in a pipelined architecture.
Long Answer Questions

1. Write the major characteristics of RISC processors.

2. Discuss various conflicts that may arise in pipelining. How are they resolved?
3. What is parallel processing? What are its advantages? Explain
4. Draw a space time diagram for a four segment pipeline showing the time it
takes to process six tasks and explain.
5. Explain the concept of pipelining for floating - point addition and subtraction.
6. Explain briefly about arithmetic pipeline with neat diagram.
or
Illustrate arithmetic pipeline with an example.
7. Explain the implementation of instruction pipelining.
8. Derive speedup achieved by a pipeline unit over a non-pipeline unit
9. Write about i) No-operations ii) instruction reordering iii) annulling
10. Construct a diagram for 4X4 Omega switching network. Show the switch
setting required to connect input 3 to output 1.
11. Consider the multiplication of 40X40 matrices using a vector processor.
a. How many product terms are there in each inner product and how
many inner products must be evaluated.
b. How many multiply and add operations are needed to calculate product
matrix.
12. Explain in brief Inter-Processor Communication.
13. Draw and explain the structure of general purpose multicomputer.
14. Discuss the characteristics of Multi-Processors.
15. Give a brief note on mutual exclusion with a semaphore.
16. What is cache coherence problem? Discuss about different cache
coherence approaches.
Or
What is cache coherence problem? Explain various protocols to handle it.
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