Endod by Amuizan Fede Aaron ‘arene Aociten Ste wean. Noi 108 (ET) oven: meeemesinet Standard Specification for MALLEABLE IRON CASTINGS’ This Stands ised dor he Fined deignstion A 47; the rues inmeiey following the designation indents the tt ta dopo ohn fon he eat es, numb purenbnessh e ot iat eprom 1. Scope ite, massive carbides, and primary graphite. 5.2 Tensile Properties—Tensile test results, obtained in accordance with Section 10 shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table | 1 This specification” covers ferrite malle- able iron ued in genera cginering castings for serviee at both normal and elevated lem peratures. Nove IAs guide fr s continuous service st 6, Dimeasions and Permissible Variations TAS ere namter otienesmmeabieirons ere 6.1 The castings shall conform substan Sern be Appor Waly tothe dimensions given om. drawing UPNowe 2-“The vale sated in US. ciniomary —furnsted by te purchaser, or t0 the dimen. ti arto be ee ss sions predated by the patern(s) supplied by 2, Classification the purchaser, or as agreed upon in specie cases to gape supplied by the purchaser, V iaton in any sold dimension wil be permit ted, as shown inthe Table 2, unless otherwise agreed upon by foundry and purchase. 2.1 The malleable irons covered by this specification are classified into two grades according to their tensile properties: Grades 32510 and 35018, Nove 3—The first three digits ofthe grade desig. 7, Workmanship and Finish ‘nation indicate the minimum yield strength (5100 si) and the last two digits indicate the minimum 7-1 The castings shall have no defects that longation (pereent in 2 in) would be detrimenta! co subsequent proce essing or to the service for which they are i 3. Basis of Purchase tended, Their surface shall be reasonably 5.1 The purchase order Tor castings ordered smooth and shall be free from scale and under this specification shall stipulate the — burned-on sand rade of malleable iron and any options, ex- 7.2 No repairing, plugging, or welding of ceptions, oF additions to the basic require- any kind shall be permitted, unless specific ments of this specification, permission has been granted by the purchaser. Castings that have been repaired by welding 4 Matectals and Maumactare shall be reannealed so that their microsteuc- 4.1 The malleable iron may be made of ture will eomply with $.1 any compesition and by any combination of ory 4—When mallegdfe iron castings are melting, casting, and heat treating processes welded, eeaention should be taken ofthe fut that, that wil develop the structural, mechanical, hut a pla-vel anneal yey abut edu and other requirements ofthe specifietion, {ans Sully, ect resstnes, ang 5, Physical Requirements oul etfs Ste oe oitton of STM 5s MiersiuctueThe microstructure of RN ES, 6 nly the malleable jron shall consist of temper ave 104. Repiaces AT ‘carbon nodules distributed through « ferrtic 0 ASME Bobet and Prenur Veuel Cod api: matrix and shall be Free from excessive pearl- Cale, ioJ 8, Sampling 81 Tension Test Specimen: 8.1 The tension test specimens shall be cast {0 the form and dimensions shown ine ther Fig | or Figs 2, in the same Kind of molding material sed Tor'the_producion castings, At leat three such apecmens shall be can from a representative lle of ion ther from exch batchemeted beat or, in con: tinuous melting, from cach 4-h pour period during which the pirchaser's casings were poured, or as otherwise agreed by manac- {iter nod purchases S12 All test specimens shal be suitably idenied with the designation of ether the batchmetted heat or the pour period af a continuous hea. 1.3 All test specimens shall be heat treated in regular production furnaces a nearly as posible with those castings which were east during the same heat or POUT Be- fod 9. Number of Tests and Retests 9.1 The foundry shall test at least one an- ‘nealed tension specimen from each set cast in accordance with 8.1.1 and shall record in permanent records the results, with the per- Iissible exception of those bars containing ‘obvious casting defects. Such records, cov- ering those operating periods during which the purchaser's castings were produced, shall be available fer examination by the purchaser or his authorized representative, 9.2 When so stipulated in the order, the purchaser's representative shall be permitted to select and test a reasonable number of ten- sion specimens cast and annealed during that ‘operating. period when the subject castings were produced, The foundry shall keep such spapimens available to the purchaser's repre- sentative up to 6 weeks after the date on Which they were east. The purchaser shall no- tify the foundry within 2 weeks after taking any such specimens if his test results fail to comply with the specified values. 9.3 In case of failure of the first test spec- Jmen to meet the tensile requirements, a com- panion specimen from the same lot shall be tested. IF the tensile values of the retest are satisfactory, the castings shall be considered acceptable with respect to strength requit iments. Failure of a second test specimen that aa7 contains no obvious flaws and which fractures within the 2-in. or $O-mm gage length shall be ‘basis for rejection of the lot 10, Methods of Test 10.1 Tension Test Specimen: 1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, the tension test shall be performed on unma- chined specimens. If itis agreed that a ma chined_ specimen be used, the tensile speci- ‘mens shall be machined from the cast bars to the dimensions for a Yin. (12.7-mm) round specimen as shown in Fig. 8 of ASTM Method E 8, Tension Testing of Metallic Materials.” 10.1.2 The gage length of the tension speci mens shall be 2.00 2 0.01 in, (50,8 + 0.3 mn), 10.1.3 The diameter used to compute the cross-sectional area shall be the average be- tween the largest and smallest diameters at that section of the 2-n. gage length having the smallest diameter and shall be measured to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). No cast bar having a mean diameter less than 0.590 in, (15.0 mm) shall be accepted for test. 10.2 Speed of Testing—Afier reaching a stress equivalent to approximately half of the anticipated yield stress, the speed of the moving head of the testing machine shall not ‘exceed 0,50 in./min (12.7 mm/min) up to the yield stress, and above this the speed shall not exceed 2.0 in.fmin ($0.8 mm/min) through the breaking load, 10.3 Yield Strength and Yield Point— While the values for yield point and yield strength are not identical, they are sufficiently close for most applications of ferritic malle- able irons to be used interchangeably. They ‘may be determined by any of the approved techniques described in ASTM Method E 8, Sections 5.3 and 5.4, If determined as yield strength, that stress producing an extension under Ioad of 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) over the 2 in. gage length (For example, 0.5 percent ex- tension) or an offset of 0.2 percent shall be taken as the yield stress, which shall be con- verted to yield strength by dividing by the original cross-sectional area of the gage length found in accordance with 10.13. It * Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Pats 56,2843. 4ah shall be reported to the nearest 100 psi (0.69 MPa). Ja accurate or referee work, yield strength shall be determined as the stress which produces an extension under load of 0.5, percent of the gage length, 10.4 Tensile Strength—The tensile strength shall be the maximum tosd carried by the specimen during the test divided by the orig- inal cross-sectional area of the gage length, as found in accordance with 10.1.3. It shall be reported to the nearest 100 psi 10.5 Elongation—The increase ia gage length after fracture of a tensile specimen, measured to che nearest 0.01 ia., expressed as 4 percentage of the original gage length, isthe elongation, It shall be reported to the nearest (0.5 peroent in 2 in, 10.6 If fracture occurs at or outside the age marks, the test may be discarded and a ‘ew specimen tested, 11, Inspection 11.1 The inspector representing: the pur- chaser shall have access, at all timor while work on the contract ofthe purchaser is being performed, 10 alf parts of the manufacturer's works that concern the manufacture of the ‘material ordered. The manufacturer shall af- ford the inspector all eeasonable Facilities to satisfy him that the material is being fur hished in accordance with this specification Al tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, un- Jess otherwise stated"in the order, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the producer 12, Rejection and Resubmission 12.1 Any castings rejected because of im- SUPPLEMENTARY Sl. Special Conditions Sl.1 If agreed upon in writing by foundry and purchaser, the malleable iron castings ‘may be required to meet special conditions as to soundness, hardness or other property, dimensions, surface qui of conditions, 2, Test Lugs ‘52.1 If requested in writing or if included 15 aa proper heat treatment may be reprocessed ‘once by the foundry. Such reheat-treated cast- ings shall be inspected again and if found to be adequately heat treated shall be accepted; if not, they shall be inaly rejected. 12.2 Material that shows definite injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer's foundry may be rejected. The purchaser shall notify the foundry within 6 months after receipt of the lot of any and all, claims of failure of the material to comply with this specification, Such defective castings shall be replaced by the foundry. 13. Certification 13.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and the seller, a certification shall bbe made the basis of acceptance of the mate- rial, This shall consist of a copy of the found- y's test report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by a copy of the test results, that the material hus been sampled, tested, tand inspected in accordance with the provi sions of this specification, Each certification 0 furnished shall be signed by an authorized agent of the seller or the foundry. 14. Marking and Shipping 14,1 The identification mark of the foundry and the pattern numbers assigned by the pur- chaser shall be cast on all castings, of sulfi- cient size, in such positions that they will aot interfere with the further processing and service of the castings, 14.2 The castings shall be packed in ac- cordance with commercial practice adequate to ensure acceptance and gafe delivery by the cartier for the mode of transportation em ployed. REQUIREMENTS, ‘on the pattern(s) oF pattern drawing(s), test lugs may be cast on all castings of sufficient size to permit their incorporation, The size of such lugs shel! be proportional to the dhick= ness of the casting. On castings over 24 in (610 mm) in length, a test lug shall be east rear each end. The location of test lugs shall bbe such as not to interfere with any subse- quent processing of the castings. The purchase order shall stipulate whether the foundry'sab inspector or the purchases’s inspector shall break, inspect, and pass judgement on the fracture quality of these test lugs. ‘83. Destructive Tests 83.1 At the option of the purchaser or his representative, a casting of eack design of- dered may be tested to destruction, or other- wise broken up, to determine the presence of any manufacturing condition which might be AAT detrimental to the serviceability of the casting. ‘4, Special Tension Specimens S4.1 If tension specimens are to be ma- cchined from castings, their location in the casting, the specimen dimensions, and the Fequired properties shall be agreed upon in writing by foundry and purchaser. ‘TABLE 1 Tension Tent Reqoemens Tonaie scent mi, (P=) ‘il strenpth mi, kl (MPa) logation mi, percent a2 Io 0 i, Grade 22510 rade 0H 50.043) G68) S224) sean 0 i TABLE PermisibleValatons a Any Std Dimension Si Upto! a4 Viptos Bo 4 oun Is2.tto 2068 ‘tote rota toast Wom a2 009s Mio Tolerance he 08 oh Shem ti 3 me th oom oe 248 on os Seton Metie Equivalents is mm 8 kh TH me teks tos as FIG. 1 Venion ex SpecimenA nf [Nori—Modifiations may be mde inthe dinensas ide above or tote deli the specimen side of he age engi a eid by tetng procedure ud equipment, Mette Bullnts ‘a mk Kor oh SK me 27 ay Bits tess "IG. 2. Alternate Unmacined Tension Tes Specoen. APPENDIX Al, HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS OF MALLEABLE IRON values represent extrapolations, The value at 1,990 fe may be repatdod a high reliable. At 100,000 h, the lis given may’ be ken as presenting & igh eric of careful measure: probability of correctness but, asin all eases of ex: is Fig. Al and Table Al present cumulative, {rapoation, should be applied with some degree of ihich indicate the stress levels and ranges of caution unt confirmed by further experince tolerance for varius loads and ruptare times. These "Ala Figs. A2 and. A present tme-clongution ‘ply for, the mater of chemi! anys shows cate fr lel material appearing in Fig. Al intable A2: nd Table. These clearly exhibit the three stages AL For each temperature in Fig. Al, the soi Trequenlly reported in the literature, In some of the line is determined by the method of leat squares curves, the ist sage i not fully drawn because of from enisting data. The lower dashed line In-euch the time scale required, ‘The curves in Fig. Ad ie band defies Toad ged tine Tor 98 percent survivors, lustate changes which oocar in the shape of the ‘The upper dashed line represents the boundary for time-longation curve at different Toads. for two erent suvivos froups of ferric specimens, Values obtained for 8 ‘Aid Table Ai presents the sme information in fninimum slongaton rate, that is, the linear oF diferent form. Here the least squares eaimate, second stage portion of Fig, A2, vary trom 0.0017 Column 2, accompanied by the load valus for98 pereent/n for long rupture times to\# percent at peteent survivors, Columa I (lower boundary, Fig. the highest sirens levels and. temperatures, These Rijvand 5 percent survivors, Column 3 {upper indiette that for most normal applications a load Baandiry) iin for ine 3 1M, 1000, nd alae an rey he atl (hep ongaton Too;N0 . In Some cases, the 10,000 and 100,000 within desired limits 7ib a7 TABLE AL High Tompartee Stes-Rupare Propet of Verte Mallabe lost 100, 10000 end 100,00 bao dtebuion ica [Nore—This table shows condense lini for sre wales mes pore Grou ‘ier Farle (At, EA, Gt, at 800 F (7) 1 000 Fee (1) high crboa, at 300 F (427 C) 1 0 15 oo 100 O00 Fate (Al, Bel, E-, G1 at 100 F (538 C) 160 1000 100 08), erie (At, Be) at 1200 F (69.6) 109 Survives ‘Col 24 (61) 403 (a0) 173 (120) 155 069) 123 (889) tos (31) souie ss01) sa asa) 2870) rz) Ban Lent eva Colatin2 ea CD) 2a uss) ao (tat), 174 (200) 149 (027) 24) 68.462) S287) 39.066) 29199) 21 ts) (109) Titel, ar (PS) Upper Seniors Coume's 297 @o1ay es (sts) 21 (682) Ios asap tes (iss) 140 965), 18626) 351409) soe, saa) 2eu79) TUB) 95 percent of the pecimens maybe epee 10 last inservice at tt he ine edited tthe ads shown ‘Tubs the media oad vl, 30 erent ofthe specimens wl sue a hs oad forthe ane idle. “ Atibes ls pert ofthe peciness wll eased there Se TABLE AZ Chemical Anais of Test Gros Group Gmde a 3soi8 a1 10 el sone Gt Compton pret oa aaa oa tom oss ha oth ese Phowphors| ‘Sale oom oss ome Choainn oa oordb aay toon ‘0 os Low 8 FM of ES tow 8 an 6 1 Group 6-1 iL bo Lo bo Lo riot or T 0 iF 19 1 Tot Met Equivalents 1 p= 689 Pa, 900 F477 C, TODD F = S38 C100 F = 649. [Nore-—the soil tines are curves deeemined by the method of lest squares fom the existing dat and re kas squares it data. Th dashed ees define the 9 percent syrmeticlLletao: ira The lower dae cura there Tove, defies eat Toad fo 98 pero survival theuppet dashed curve fe the boundary Tor 8 peeeat sunt [Noera ditebaton i asamed IG, AL_Sirss Raptr Pot fr Ferte Mallen Tro. 19on, In per 2 in gage. Elona bh naz T 2 Group B-I,high carbon 800 F & " E-1,low carbon 800F F Ferritic Malleabie pst umeaid |g at ee 414 1 L 5 10 5 20 25 Time, 100 be 17000 pai = 117.2. MPa, 18,000 pl = 126.1 MPa, 25.000 pi = 1724 MPa, 800 F = 427 C A - AL Time Elongation Cures fo erie Malleale Ion a 810 F (427 C).ib aay to 1 Group E=! 1 1000F 6000PS! 8 F-Ferritic Malleable Elongation, in per2in gage 20 25 Time, 10h 1G, A3Tine-Eingaton Cove for Low-Carbon Fre Maes Iron 1000 (S88 C) and 6000 pi (41.4 MPA). 2 publication of hie andar no potion i taken with rexpect ote vali of any patent rights in conection there wih Se i ain eye Patogenia des etd ae eye hinge sand palit aby or nfingement Sf any Lelie Pata nr ae ary sch a