( C. Phrasal Verbs ial particle is called a phrasa) tion or adverbi da phresal ey CBRL A combination of vera or ning of the verb. The function of the py ea a new meaning eo ne ina beautiful Following, is a list of popular p. Hares o to make the language flexible and bea reak of nt AG | Break o EE i ¢ Director. | Act for (officiate): Mr Bose will act for the Piss " | vice. | Act on (act according to): She has acted on my a Wer (to produce effect) : The medicine will act on the patient a: Le i : The children start Act out (to porform how something happened) - whole incident. ‘8 Bring f 2. Back Bring i Back out of | (withdraw) ; Rahul backed out of his commitment. a Back up (support): I backed him up during the election. Bring c Back down | (to withdraw from a position, abandon a claim): She refused xi, Bring « on a point of principle. Back off (to retreat): Seeing his intense anger, she backed of Bring 3. Bear Bear away (win): Anil bore away the first prize in sports, [Bring Bear down (overpower): She was borne down with grief. Waa Bear out z (confirm): The result will bear out his outst (to remain cheerful durin the sake of love. anding skills iS 4 difficult time): He has t Bear up Bear with (be patient): He had to bear with her tude behaviour. s {| Bear upon | (releonnt to): This testimony did not bear upon the i ae 4a —— 4. Break aaa Break down) (stop ‘working because of @ fault): Our car broke dow on th a cee ont met She broke down in the middle of he 7. Tr Uae: ditto BHM We burglar broke into the manager's hows’ 87 &) unit 1le Ae - ian ae = se in at en she heard the news Break off (stop, discontinue): He broke _ — " ae ¢ off his relations with Rani. ereak out (escape): The convict broke out of the police custody. (arise, spread, begin, suddenly): World War Ik broke out in 1939, A fire broke out in our colony yesterday. Break up (end): The meeting broke up late at night. 5. Bring Bring about (cause): What has brought about the quarrel in the family? Bring forth (give rise to): This Act brought forth discontent among the people. Bring in (carn): His business brings in a lot of money. Bring off (achieve successfully): The Movement brought off no considerable gains. Bring on (produce, cause): Poverty brings on social revolution. Bring out (produce): The juggler brought out a big ball. (reveal): An artist brings out the characteristics of a nation. (publish) : The publisher has brought out a new edition of his dictionary. Bring round (succeed in changing one’s opinion): He brought his father round to his view after a long discussion. Bring up (rear): He was brought up by his grandmother. _ ASSIGNMENT Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase. 1. Our shop brings . a large sum of money. 2. A good tree brings .... . good fruit. 3. His small income brought ... ... his standard of living. 4. Anita was brought .. . by her aunt. 5. Impure water brings . . diseases. 6. The press has brought ... a new edition of the book. 7. They brought us .. . to their views. 8. The government has brought .. many changes in taxation. (epeS C. Phrasal Verbs ETS ee Come about 1 } | | Call in Call off Call on Call up Carry away | Carry off Carry on Carry out Carry over Come across Come round Come in Come into Come of Come off Come to Unit 6. Call (require): The explosive situation calls for an immediate action (demand): The manager called for an explanation for the peon’s misconduct (summon): Call in a doctor; she is seriously ill (cancel): The meeting, was called off at the eleventh hour. (go to visit): The Prime Minister called on the President (to telephone): Call me up tomorrow morning, if the matter is urgent (summon): The soldi were called up during the war. 7. Carry (to get very excited): The public was carried away by his speech. (win): She carried off the first prize. (continue): He carried on the business after his father’s death. (execute): He carried out the wishes of his parents. The officer has carried out his assignment. (postpone): The meeting was carried over to the 19th. 8. Come (happen): How did the incident come about? (find by chance): 1 came across my purse in the kitchen. (recover): The patient is coming round. (to change one’s mood or opinion): The Principal is co’ the views of the teachers. (arrive): When does the train come in? (to become involved in something): If you want to cor you need to decide now. (inherit): My friend came into his father’s property. (be a result of): His success comes of his hard work. (take place): The ceremony did not conte off, (be a question of, about): When it comes to giving time to others, he shies away. (amount to): Office expenses come te rupees five hundred per day. (ea, C. Phrasal Verbs EES aT Do away with Do for | | Do out of | Do over Do up Do with ~ | Do without Drop in Drop out Draw back Draw on ter | Draw into Draw to Draw up Fall back on Fall behind Fall in Fall off — EE Units 9. Do (discard): Do away with your superstitions. (ruin): He is done for. (cheat): The landlords do the illiterate farmers out of their rights. (do again): He will have to do the exercise over as it has many errors. (renovate): | am doing my bedroom over. (comb and fasten): She has done her hair up before the party. (woash and press): That laundry does up clothes well. (arrange): She has to do up the sitting room before the guests arrive. (manage with or without something/somebody): 1 can even do with a little money, (manage without): The poor have to do without the luxuries of life. 10. Drop (visit without prior information): We dropped i at their house on Sunday. (leave): He dropped out of the picnic. 11. Draw (retreat): He drew back when he found that the principal was annoyed. (depend): He drew on his savings to buy a piece of land. (drag): She drew me into an argument. (attract): They were drawn to each other. (make or write something that needs careful planning): She has drawn up the plan for us. 12. Fall (use in emergency): Save something now to fall back on in old age. (make less progress): If you do not work well, you will fall behind other competitors. (collapse): The roof fell in. (line up): The officer ordered the soldiers to fall in. (decrease): Textile business falls off during the rainy season. (desert): False friends fall off in adversity. ee[Fall out | | Fall through | Get ahead of | | Get along i | Get around | Get at | Get away | Get away with Get back from | Get back to Get by Get down to Get off Get on Get out Get over Get round Get through Get to (quarrel): He has fallen out with his neighbour. (fail): The scheme fell through for lack of funds. 13. Get (succeed): You cannot get altead without proper Planning (proceed): In order to get ahead in life she has to be more assertiy, (surpass): He got ahead of the other candidates. (pass, overtake): There was an accident when the driver tried to go: of our car. (manage): How are you getting along in your studies? (be friendly): She is irritable, I can’t get along with her. (circulate): Bad news gets around very fast. (keep criticising): Why are you always getting at me? (escape): The criminals got away after killing three men (do something undesired without punishment): Many criminals with all sorts of crimes. (return): He got back from Patna this morning. (to return to something): Now he has Sot back to his stu (manage unpleasantly): T hope I will (pass): I moved my dies Set by this unruly crowd. car to allow the truck to Set by. (attend seriously): Let us get down to business. (come down): She got off the train at Pune. (make progre How are you g (he friendly): He is getting (publish): We are (be released from): 1 elting on in your studies? I with his friends, tting a new book ows, le goes to the ave on very wel Market whe Nhe gets out of wor Sot over MY difficulties, (recover from): | jy (Persuade): He got me round to his Point of view. (succeed in). He , Sot through the MY friend’s house yy, Work at 10 am. eXxa i (each) s1 gop tg anaion, (start): He ges 4 pyiate:El C. Phrasal Verbs EEE, Give away Give in Give off Give out Give up Give way Go about Go against Go ahead Go along with Go around Go at Go back on Go by Go down Go for Go in for Go into ee) 14, Give (distribute): The Minister gave away the prizes. (surrender): The enemy finally gave in. (give consent): Mother gave in when we made a request. (emit): The chimney gives off smoke. (be exhausted): Her courage gave out. (abandon): He gave up smoking. / (lose hope of): The doctor gave up hope when she was in coma. (collapse): The mud hut gave way as it rained heavily. 15. Go (continue to do something) : He is going about with his job in a system: manner. (be opposed to): She went against the wishes of her father. (make progress): He is going ahead fast in his business. (continue): They are going ahead with the scheme. (accompany): Vil go along with the group to Europe. (agree): Joe went along with my scheme. Circulate): Rumours go around fast in our colony. (be sufficient): There is not enough cake to go around, (attack): The dog went at the stranger and bit him. {fail to keep promise): Don’t go back on your promise, (be guided by): The public servay (judge from): You should not (believe): Your statemei (attack): The milit nts must go by the rules. $0 by external appearances. ME won't go down well with the judge. ants went for the poor farmers, interesting): Don't (examine): The Principal is (to have something $0 in for cricket in this seaso™ Soing into this case. Total Englis™” YR oe Uni[G0 of (leave): He went off in a hurry to catch the train, (proceed): Our school fete went off very well (explode): The gun went off accidentally. happen): What is going on in that office is not correct (continue): The old man ‘went on with his work in spite of his illness. Go over (review He went over the file after office hours. (pass through | Go through 1): Mala is going through hard days after the death of her father. (complete): He will go through with his plans. (match): His tie goes with his suit, | Go with | Go without (manage without): We cannot go without food for long. ASSIGNMENT 1 Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. TL. The lawyer Went sneer the case. 2. Her shoes go well .. her dress, 3. She needs t0 0 -nnnnmneunnnn the papers thoroughly. 4. You must not go...... the opinion others have of her. 5. His speech will not go down well . s-snmesne the public, 6. The word went... very fast and soon you will have enough volunteers. 7. The Principal finally gave .. to the students’ request 8. The bridge gave as it was very old. Common Errors: The Tenses Incorrect Correet ; 1. Earth is moving round the Sun. 1. Earth moves round the Su 2. He is going to school by bus every day. He goes to school by bus every day. 3. Lam seeing a van coming, 3. Tsee van coming se 4. Thave slept for nine hours last night. 4. slept nine hours last night. oo ; ae 5. He has studied French for two years. ee 5. He is studying French for two years. ‘Unita éHand down Hand in Hand on Hand out Hand over | lang around Hang on Hang together Hang up | Hold back Hold down Hold good Hold on Hold up eae Keep back yTaves 7 16, Hand wn the judgement. (give): The Justice handed al nel doit TOM tag (pass on, transmit): This bracelet has daughter for generations, yy hand in your assign The Secretary handed the message on to the Officer. ents. (submit): Kindl (transmit) : (distribute): He handed out the prizes. Fill in i son. (transfer) : She handed over the business to her 47. Hang, (loiter near); Teenagers generally hang around fast food restaurant: (hold): He hung on to the mast till the ship sank. 1. (remain united): The inmates of the house have not been able t together in times of adversity. 2. (terminate a phone call): She hung up, before he could get a ci 3. tell her what he wanted. i 18. Hold fs (restrain); She held herself back from abusing him. (keep secret): Do not hold back anything from your mother. Ge (control): The government must hold down prices. oa (apply to): This holds good for everyone. (wait on the phone): Please hold on; I have sent for my uncle (grasp): Hold on to the bars, while climbing up the stairs (delay): The flight was held up due to fog. (stop by force: The bus was held up by terrorists = 19. Keep (not go near); Keep away from wild (conceal): The governmes from the public, dogs. nt kept the findings of the Commissio® “Total Eval”. | Keep off Keep on (stay away from): We should always keep off the grass, (continue): She kept on running till Keep out of Keep to she collapsed. (stay away): She Kept out of my room. (adhere to): Keep to the promise which you made. have same pace): He couldn't keep (maintain): Keep up Keep up p up with the progress of the class. your prestige, ASSIGNMENT Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. Use the correct tense in each case. {2 up good back in off on ‘around back out 1. This cheque no longer holds 2. She could not hold . .. her tears, after hearing the abusive words. 3. Keep . trying, until you succeed. 4. You must keep the left of the road, 5. She kept .csnsecsmnnnennnee nothing from her parents. 6. KOOP ont the grass”, said the gardener. 7. . Every time we call, he hangs ... .. The police arrested the young man, when they found him hanging ..... the Parliament House. 9. Please hand ... - all your keys, before leaving the office, 10. The teacher handed .. the notebooks. Common Errors : Use of Articles Incorrect orresh 1. Tplay the tennis at school. 1. Tplay tennis at school 2. He lives at the New Street in Patna. 2. He lives at New Street in Patn, a.on( c. Phras Lay by Lay down Lay off Lay out Lay up with Look after Look ahead Look around Look at Look down onlupon Look for Look forward to Look in Look into Look on Look over Look through Look to Look up al Verbs y = 20. Lay ): Lay by some money for a rainy are): BAY SS reserve for tH (reserve fo ie ful sacrifice); The soldier Jaid down his life for the countr (sacrifice): de (fix, establish): New rules have » workers. (dismiss): The factory had to lay off some worke been laid down to deal v (arrange): Lay out the table for dinner. (confined to bed): She is laid up with malaria. 21. Look (take care of): She looks after her uncle’s dog. (plan for the future): One should look ahead for success. (search): Ym just looking around for a pencil. (to direct one’s gaze seriously or with concentration): The te look at what Anil was doing. (hate): One should not look down upon the Poor. (earch): He is looking for a job (expect with pleasure): 1 amy too " king forward to the (me rif visit) She toked in Areard to the visit © 0 (make investigation): Tye aieeieas army is Looky (regard as): 1 look on him a Y is looking into this case San We Finan , Authority on Shakespeare Vin the p, Ce Ministe ‘arliament lwoked ovr the papers &! the budge ish the newspaper (improv (Search): | his f, S fathey share Prices are er for guidance. a to Am WOKING uP the king on Up these days. in the dictionary.acne 22, Make [ Make away with [aac | caver tn | le for home when it rained. Make off (hurry away): The car made off after the shooting. Make out (understand): 1 can't make out anything, in his letter. (claim): He makes himself out cleverer than he is. (argue): The lawyer made out the case of Mr Verma successfully. (construct or make from): He made a beautiful idol out of wood. Make over (transform): He made over his old offic (transfer): He made over all his property to the family. Make up (fabricate): The boy nade up a story for his absence. (apply cosmetics): She makes herself up when she goes for a party (compensate for) he losses of the riot victims have not been made up by the government. (take decision): She made up her mind to go abroad. took ASSIGNMENT) Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. after to to down upon i yy up to wet into P eo UP. 1. We look forward ..... holidays. 2 Welook ..... _, our Constitution to give us a political solution, wi Thenutse looked .. »- the child. oF e * Next week we shall look. the cas 5. Look ..... the word in the dictionary, 6. * We must look ... 7. We Grieg our teachers as our parents, Should not look .. the poor.PSII, Pass away Pass by Pass for Pass off Pass on Pass out Pass through Pull down Pull in Pull off Pull out Pull through Pull together C. Phrasal Verbs Em 23. Pass (die): Mis uncle passed away at Roorkee, (go by the side of) :1 waved to her as I passed by her. passes for a model in the city. passes himself off as a scholar. andh passed off peacefully. (sive): Mr Gupta passed his property on to the Sri Aurobindo Trust, (distribute): The report was passed out to all those who we (undergo): Tony is passing (be accepted as): She (represent falsely): He (lake place): The B ere present. through a difficult phase in his life. 24. Pull (demolish): The old house was pulled down by the new owner. (arrive): When will the Shatabdi Express pull in? (succeed in a plan): Reena pulled off a business deal. (leave): | pulled out of the partnership in the business, (recover): She has pulled through her illness, (cooperate): All have to pull together for a good cause. (reprimand): He was pulled up by his commanding officer. 25. Put (convey): Being trained abroad, he puts his ideas across convincingly, (leave): Put aside the unrealistic plans, 2 (save): Mr Bose has put aside 82 lakh for his dau Bhter’s education, (give up): Hle put avay bis dreams of wealth, (suppress): The army put down the rebellion, (write) address on this (postpone): The judge put off the he, (extingu The lights were put (wear): She put on a pretty dre, Please put down Please put down your paper, ie case, Servant, ‘aring of th off by the 'SS for th eae he (add t0): She is putting on weight, Party,\ Put out (extinguish); The lights were put out. | (offend): The lady is put out as she was not invited to a | Put up (erect): He put up a stall at the fete. | (lodge): | put up at my aunt’s house for the night. 6 | Put up with) (tolerate: 1 can no longer put up with his temper. wi | | __| (stay): She is putting up with a friend, % use ASSIGNMENT fa Fill in the blanks wit ISS git ir ‘Ulin the blanks with phrases given in the box. Use the correct tense. Pass out 1 5 ) easy Put aside pull in a Pass off Pass for Put Up with pass by o 1. She can no longer... td) 2. She can easily i 3. They saw her as soon as they ..... if 4. The rules of the quiz were...... 5, We will stop them when they... 6. The student was 7. He can easily their difference, They - ferences 94 desig ibe.sy % a sma C. Phrasal Verbs Ee a [Rum across | pun after Run along Run down Run for Run into Run out of Run over Run through Run to Set apart Set aside Set about Set back Set forth Set in Set on Set off Set out Set up Unite 26. Run happe ect): ven fo meet): She ran across her friend in a busy street. (chase, follow): The Policeman ran after the thief, (Go away): Now boys, (say unkind words): Wi * We should not run down anyone (tired): 1 feel run a down today as I didn’t have sound slee p. (stop): The watch has run down, (hid): A boy was run down by a car. run along. (contest election): Giani Zail Singh ran for Presidentship in 1983. (meet by chance): She ran into an old friend in the town. (collide with): The train ran into a private bus. (exhaust the supply of: We have run out of sugar. (hit with): The man was run over by a truck. (examine quickly): 1 ran through the case before going to the court. (spend recklessly): He ran through his father’s savings. (reach an amount): The bill ran to a thousand rupees. 27. Set (reserve): Some seats are set apart for the handicapped. (nullify): The Supreme Court has set aside the decree of the lower court. (keep): I have set aside % 20,000 for my sister’s marriage. (begin): We immediately set about fixing the roof. (check progress): The fire in the plant set production back for a year. (begin a journey): He set forth for Mumbai on Sunday. (begin): The spring sets in the flower-bloom. (determined): She is set on starting a business, (start): Her remark set off a controversy. (etarty; When do you set out for the tour of Europe? (start): (establishy: He set up a new software company.\ aaa C. Phrasal Verbs ye (jake aback | ake after Jake back Take down | Take for | Take in | Take off Take out Take over | Take to “Take up | Turn against Tum away | Tum down Turn out Tum over Tum up Unitg 28, ake (surprised) Prised): 1 was taken aback when I heard of his accident (resemble): Veo emble): Veena has taken after her mother, (follow the example of): ple of): Many people took after Mahatma Gandhi's ideals lence, of truth and non- (withdraw): He did not take back his comments. write): e Princi Gorite): The Principal asked his Secretary to take down his speech (mistake for): Excuse for): Excuse me, I took you for your younger brother. (comprehend): It is difficult to take in Auden’s poems. (remove): He took off his shoes before entering the temple. (leave the ground): The aeroplane took off at 10.30 a.m. (delete, remove): Take that word out of the sentence. (have insurance): He took out a policy on his life. (acquire control): The government took over the sick mill (addicted to): She has taken to drugs. (pursue): He took up the problem with his father, (consider): The question was taken up in the meeting, 29. Turn (become hostile): Neha turned against her friend. vr): The conductor turned axoay the commuters (not allow to ente bus was full. urn the transistor down a Tittle. urned down by the teacher (reduce the volume (reject): His request was t turned out to be mm out of the school for cheating, ore intelligent than her bro! (provey: She (expel): He was turned (give or pass on): | tumed over the business to my brother give or pass 0M): ): The missing boy turned up in the evening, (come, be found) 44130. Work k off her extra weight by dieting work id of): She must Work off (get rid of) & out this problem as early as you cap : Please wor! for a loan. — ked out a plan to apply : vapor Nothing works out in a poor man’s jig (prove satisfactory): eid are): I have to work up a programm Work up repare) vas worked up over his wife's bills. (agitated): He w ASSIGNMENT Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. eee out out 2 ip over aback down 1. I doubt if Mr Sharma will turn ~. for the meeting. 2. His petition was turned .. ~- by the Supreme Court. 3. He was worked + to reach his home early. 4. He must work .., ~ plan to save his family, yw . He gets easily taken ..,, at little things, 6. The son will take the family busine, 7. The play turned .... Ss this year. “tobea a resound: 8. My father tumed .. “Sunding success. + his byes is business to my uncle,