Urology mcqs
1. Regarding UTI’s will not increase your risk of developing one?
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes mellitus ++
c. Being female
d. Catheterization
e. Urinary obstruction
2. Which is incorrect regarding the investigation of UTI?
a. The sensitivity of dipstick for nitrites is 96%. ++
b. A positive dipstick for leucocyte esterase is 96% specific for >10 wbc/mm3.
c. A bacterial culture with > 10 5 has 95% probability of representing infection.
d. Use of blood cultures in does not change management when urine culture is taken.
e. All patients with pyelonephritis require follow-up USS of kidneys.
3. Which antibiotic course is inappropriate for clinical scenario?
a. Acute simple cystitis – trimethoprim for 3 days in otherwise well young women.
b. Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis – gentamycin + amoxicillin IV initially followed by 7 days Of
Augmentin orally.++
c. Pregnancy associated cystitis – nitrofurantoin 5 mg QID for 14 days.
d. Acute simple cystitis in male patients – Augmentin or trimethoprim for 14 days.
4. Which is incorrect regarding acute renal failure?
a. In pre-renal failure the ratio of urea: creatinine is increased above normal.
b. Post-renal obstruction is an uncommon cause of ARF.
c. The most common cause of renal ARF is acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.++
d. Urinalysis with microscopic hematuria, pyuria, and presence of granular, epithelial and RBC Casts
is consistent with acute glomerulonephritis.
e. In renal ARF the urine Na is > 10mmol/l and osmolality < 350.
5. In which of the following scenarios is administration of calcium unwise with hyperkalemia?
a. Rhabdomyolysis.++
b. Nephrotoxic ATN.
c. Ischaemia ATN.
d. Acute glomerulonephritis
e. Severe dehydration.
6. Which is not an absolute indication for dialysis in ARF?
a. Refractory hyperkalemia >6.5 mmol/l.
b. Pulmonary oedema.
c. Encephalopathy
d. Creatinine .1.0 mmol/l.++
7. Which is the most common from of acute glomerulonephritis?
a. Post streptococcal.
b. IgA nephropathy++
c. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
d. Goodpasture’s syndrome
8. Which is incorrect of nephrotic syndrome?
a. > 3g proteinuria per day.
b. Associated with hyperlipidemia.
c. May be caused by drugs such as gold and ACEI.
d. Hypertension is characteristic.++
9. Which is not a relatively common finding in ESRF patients?
a. Metastatic calcification.
b. Peripheral neuropathy
c. Hypophosphatemia++
d. Hyperparathyroidism
10. Which is incorrect regarding CAPD peritonitis?
a. Gram stain will be positive in approx 10-40% of culture positive bags.
b. Staph aureus is the most common organism isolated++
c. Antibiotics are not needed parentally usually.
d. Vancomycin as a one off 2 grams to CAPD bags is all that is needed for proven gram Positive
infection.
11.Which is the most likely organism to cause a UTI?
a) Staph saprophyticus
b) E coli++
c) Pseudomonas
d) Klebsiella
e) Strep faecalis
12.Which is not a recommended regimen for treatment of UTI in the non pregnant woman?
a) Trimethoprim 300 mg orally daily for 5 days++
b) Augmentin duo orally b.d for 5 days
c) Cephalexin 500 mg orally b.d for 5 days
d) Nitrofurantoin 50 mg qid for 5 days
13.For what length of time should a man with a UTI be treated for?
a) 3 days
b) 5 days
c) 7days
d) 10-14 days++
14.Which statement is incorrect regarding the treatment of UTI in pregnant women?
a) Regardless of the antibiotic chosen, the duration of treatment should be 10-14 days
b) Augmentin duo b.d
c) Nitrofurantoin 50mg qid
d) Trimethoprin 300mg daily++
15.What is usually considered the number of white cells necessary on microscopy to make the diagnosis
of A definite UT1?
a) 1000 per mm3
b) 10000++
c) 50000
d) 100000
e) 500000
16.Regarding urinalysis which is incorrect?
a) The haematuria square will also be positive for myoglobinuria and haemoglobinuria
b) Pyuria has is nearly always present in a UTI++
c) Nitrates are not present in all UTIs, only those caused by coagulase splitting bacteria
d) Nitrates are not seen if the UTI is caused by gm+ve or pseudomonas
e) Vitamin C gives many false positives – nitrites,bilirubin,ketonuria
17.If a patient presents with dysuria and only 100-1000 WBC should they receive antibiotic treatment?
a) Yes++
b) No
c) No, but repeat culture in 2 weeks
d) Only if two such results in two specimens two days apart
18.What is the most common age group for testicular torsion?
a) <10 years
b) 12-18 years++
c) 20-25 years
d) 30-50 years
19.Which is not a cause of epididimoorchitis?
a) Amioderone
b) Mumps
c) Pseudamonas
d) Eruthromycin++
20.Which group of people are unlikely to need treatment for their asymptomatic bacteruria- assuming
their Renal tracts are normal?
a) Pregnant women
b) Young children
c) Non pregnant women++
d) Men under 60 years of age
21.Which is an correct statement regarding treatment of a torted appendix testis?
a) Analgesia alone is all that is required++
b) Analgesia plus antibiotics for 10 days
c) Surgical resection is mandatory
d) Local anaesthetic infiltration into the appendix is often used
e) Methotrexate has been shown to be beneficial
22.Which size renal stones have a 90% chance of passing?
a) <3mm
b) <5mm++
c) <7mm
d) <8mm
e) It is not size dependant
23.Which agent has been shown to be highly effective in treatment of renal colic pain?
a) Hyoscine butylbromide
b) Atropine
c) Nifedipine
d) NSAID, no one in particular is superior++
24.What percentage of kidneys stones have micrscopic haematuria?
a) 100%
b) 20%
c) 70%
d) 90%++
25.At what rate should IV fluids be given in acute renal colic?
a) So as to get 200ml/hr urine
b) Maintenance++
c) 1 litre over 1 hour unless CVS Contraindication
d) It is relatively contraindicated
26.What is the role of plain AXR in diagnosis of renal colic?
a) It should always be done
b) It is of marginal value and not cost effective, therefore should not be done routinely
c) It will show the majority of renal calculi
d) It’s sensitivity is too low to be of great value
e) B,C,D are correct++
27.Which statement is incorrect regarding prostatitis?
a) It is usually due to the organisms of sexually transmitted diseases++
b) There is a tender enlarged prostate on PR examination
c) If sytemically unwell use iv gentamicin and ampicillin
d) Co trimoxazole is a good oral agent as it concentrates in prostatic
28.Which grade of renal injury involves a deep laceration into the collecting system?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4++
29.Which is the imaging modality of choise in suspected renal haematuria?
a) IVP
b) CT++
c) Angiography
d) Retrograde ureteroscopy
30.Which statement is incorrect regarding renal trauma?
a) Blunt trauma with microscopic haematuria and no other signs of injury does not need imaging
b) Blunt trauma with microscopic haematuria and fracture 11/12 ribs and flank tenderness
warrantsImaging
c) A major renal injury cannot occur without macroscopic haematuria++
d) Penetrating trauma in the region of the kidney with macroscopic haematuria warrants imaging
31.Haematuria, hypertension, protenuria and red cell casts in the urine are indicative of?
a) Nephrotic syndrome
b) Hepatorenal syndrome
c) Nephritic conditions++
d) Rhabdomyolysis
32.What percentage renal function can be lost but still have a creatinine in the normal range?
a) 20%
b) 35%
c) 50%
d) 60%++
33.Which of these finding would not suggest CRF as opposed to ARF?
a) Normochromic, normocytic anaemia
b) Radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy
c) Polyuria, nocturia
d) 10cm size kidneys++
e) Family history of renal disease
34.Which of these is not a feature of pre renal ARF?
a) Decreased GFR
b) Urinary sodium<10
c) Blood urea:creatinine ratio >100:1
d) Urine osmolality<500++
35. Which is not a principal of treatment in ATN due to rhabdomyolysis?
a) Give normal saline to correct hypovolemia
b) Give frusemide or mannitol to encourage a diuresis
c) Fasciotomy as indicated
d) Aim for pH<6++
36.Which is the most common world wide cause of haematuria?
a) Neoplasia
b) Infection
c) Shistosomiasis
d) BPH++
37.Which is the most common cause of CRF?
a) Diabetes mellitus++
b) Hypertension
c) Glomerulonephritis
d) Polycystic kidney disease
38.Which biochemical abnormality is not seen in CRF?
a) Hyperparathyroidism (secondary)
b) Hypocalcemia
c) Hyperphostphatemia
d) Increased erythropoietin (secondary)++
39) A 1mm renal calculi in the ureter will most likely impact at
a) The pelvi-ureteric junction
b) The vesico-ureteric junction++
c) The pelvic brim
d) The bladder orifice
40) The commonest type of ureteric calculus is
a) Calcium oxalate++
b) Triple phosphate
c) Urate
d) Cysteine
