Project Report

Automatic Water Level Indicator

Introduction:
Nowadays everybody has overhead tank at their homes, but the one who has a water tank above
knows the kind of problems that they face. Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads
to the wastage of water. Being electronics enthusiastic made a simple and handy circuit which will
detect the water level and will raise an alarm upon getting the water tank full or a preset level. An
Automatic Water Level Indicator is a device designed to monitor and display the water level in a
tank or reservoir automatically. It plays a crucial role in various applications, such as in homes,
industries, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. The primary objective of this device is to
provide real-time information about the water level, enabling users to manage and control water
resources efficiently.
The Automatic Water Level Indicator employs sensors or probes to detect the water level within a
tank or any other water storage system. These sensors can be of various types, such as float
switches, ultrasonic sensors, or conductive probes, depending on the specific requirements of the
application. The selected sensor interacts with the water level, sending signals or data to the
indicator unit.
The indicator unit typically consists of a display panel, which can be a simple set of LED lights, a
numeric display, or even a digital screen. The display visually represents the water level status,
making it easy for users to interpret the information. The indicator may include additional features
such as alarms, which can alert users when the water level is too high or too low, helping prevent
overflows or pump damage.

Components Used:
Sr. No. Components Specification Quantity
1. Bread Board --------------- 01
2. Resistors 220 Ω 04
3. LED’s GREEN, YELLOW, 03
WHITE
4. Transistor’s BC-547 04
5. Buzzer 85DB 01
6. Battery 9V 01
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION- BC547:
• Breadboard:
→ A breadboard is a solderless device used to build and test electronic circuits.
→ It consists of a grid of holes in which you can insert electronic components and
connect them without soldering.
→ Typically, the board is split into two halves, each with rows of interconnected
holes.

• Resistors:
→ Resistors are passive electronic components that limit or control the flow of
electric current in a circuit.
→ They are often used to set the bias point of transistors, divide voltages, and protect
components from excessive current.
→ The resistance is measured in ohms (Ω), and resistors are available in various
values
.
• LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes):
→ LEDs are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current passes
through them.
→ They are commonly used as indicators in electronic circuits.
→ LEDs come in various colors and sizes and require a specific forward voltage and
current.

• Transistors:
→ Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic
signals.
→ They have three terminals: emitter, base, and collector.
→ Common types include NPN and PNP transistors, and they are widely used in
amplifiers, oscillators, and digital logic circuits.
→ BC547 is an NTN Hi-polar junction transistor (BIT) as shown in the figure:
is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
electrical power. The NPN transistor can be used in two different modes: forward
biased mode and the reverse biased mode.
→ BC547 is used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a maximum
current gain of 800. Its equivalent transistors are BC548 and fiC549, the transistor
terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its
characteristic curves, I-e Biasing.
→ For amplification applications, the transistor is biased such that it is partly on for
all input conditions. The input signal at base is amplified and taken at the emitter.
BCS-17 is used in common emitter configuration for amplifiers. The voltage
divider is the commonly used biasing mode. For switching applications, transistor
 is biased so that it remains fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence of
base signal, it gets completely off.

• Buzzer:
→ A buzzer is an audio signaling device that produces a continuous or intermittent
sound.
→ It usually consists of an electromechanical component that vibrates to create the
sound.
→ Buzzers are commonly used in alarms, timers, and other applications where an
audible alert is needed.

• Battery:
→ A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical
energy.
→ It consists of one or more electrochemical cells.
→ Batteries provide portable power for a wide range of electronic devices.

Circuit Diagram Proteus simulation:

Working of automatic water tank level controller
As shown in the figure, in the beginning when without water on a bucket transistor will not work,
because the base of the transistors is not triggered from the common point. There are Four parts in
this project: -
1. The Sensor Part: It is a fixed support inside the tank having some nuts and bolt with wires
coming out.
2. The Circuit Part: It comprises the brain of the module; where all the various inputs from
the sense module's brain, where all the sensors' various inputs ors are fed. It is the unit from
where you will get all the information of how much water is in the tank.
3. The Power Supply: It is the part where you will be converting the A/C voltage to a regulated
voltage of 5V to the Circuit.
4. The Buzzer Part: It is responsible for bringing up the sound when the water level fills up
in the tank. It will also be having a speaker or a buzzer to alert.
The connections and arrangements are made as shown in the figure above. The +9V is supplied to
water using a metal contact. In this circuit, all the transistors are working as a switch. When the
water touches the metal contact in which the base of each transistor is connected, a small current
flows and turns on the transistor. When a transistor turns on, the LED connected to it glows. Thus,
LEDs will be turned on depending on the level of water.
And finally when it reaches to its top most level, there will be a visual display as well as a sound
from the unit indicating that the water has filled in the tank and one can be alerted that the tank has
been filled up and the water pump has to be switched off saving the electricity bill as well as over
flow of water from the tank.

Advantages
• Easy to operate & Fast response.
• Smaller in size, Efficient design eliminates man's work.
• Low power consumption and reduces wastage.

Disadvantages
• Required a dedicated controller (Human).
• There is a need of automatic system to increase the accuracy.

Application
• Water level indicator is used in application like storage tanks, boiler etc to indicate level of
inside water.
• Easily indicate when water level is full in the tank with beep sound.
Conclusion:
This is a simple model water level indicator which can be made at your home. This project is the
solution to help the user to indicate water level in reservoir or into the water tank that indicated
different levels in an over head tank. A connection runs under to the underground tank to check
the availability of water in the tank before operation the pump and the pump operates only
automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes Apartments,
Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc.
Finally, the project has been successfully implemented & tested. I am proud to express my delight
as the project I embarked upon is successfully finished in such a short span. The project gave us
more confidence that we will be able to put in practice, whatever the theoretical knowledge we
gained during the course of study till now. It really persuades us to do more and more perhaps in
better way in future.