G passive (all forms), it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.

3 V crime and punishment

P the letter u

A The one place a burglar won’t look

1 S P EAKI N G & LI STE N I N G c Look at the photos. Have you seen the film Oliver Twist
or read the book by Charles Dickens? What is the old
GET IT RIGHT agreeing and disagreeing man teaching the boys to do?
Use a variety of expressions for agreeing and disagreeing:
I think it must be… That’s what I was thinking.
Do you agree with that? Exactly!
Don’t you think…? I don’t think that’s true.

a Do the quiz in pairs. Give reasons for your answers.

BEAT THE BURGLARS!

1 How long do you think a
burglar normally takes to
search someone’s house?
a 10 minutes
b 20 minutes
c 30 minutes
2 Which of these are the most
common things burglars steal?
a TVs, digital cameras, etc.
b paintings and antiques
c money and jewellery
3 Which of these is more likely to stop a burglar coming
into your house?
a a dog
b a burglar alarm
4 Which three of these would most influence a burglar
to choose a particular house or flat?
a It looks expensive.
b There is no one at home.
c There aren’t many other neighbours nearby.
d There are good places to hide around house.
e They have burgled the house before.
5 How are burglars more likely to get into a house?
From The Sunday Times

a through an open door or window

b by breaking a door or window
6 What is the best place to hide your valuables? Number
these rooms in the order that burglars usually search them.
the living room the main bedroom
the kitchen a child’s bedroom
the dining room the study

b p.117 Communication There’s only one place burglars

won’t look… Read the answers to the quiz – provided
by ex-burglars themselves!
36
d 3.1 James Freedman, an 2 VO C AB U L ARY crime and punishment
ex-magician, worked as the a Match the words for people who steal with the definitions in the list.
‘pickpocket consultant’ for
Roman Polanski’s film Oliver pickpocket mugger burglar robber shoplifter thief
Twist. Listen to him being 1 A is someone who breaks in and steals from a private house.
interviewed on the radio and 2 A is someone who breaks in and steals from e.g. a bank
answer the questions. or business.
1 What is the main trick 3 A is someone who steals something when he / she is in a shop.
pickpockets use when they 4 A is someone who steals from you in the street, often without
steal from someone? you noticing.
2 Why are tourists particularly at 5 A is someone who uses violence to steal from you in the street.
risk from pickpockets? 6 A is the general word for someone who steals.
e Listen again for more detail. b 3.2 Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllable.
Then answer with a partner.
What does he say about…? c p.149 Vocabulary Bank Crime and punishment.
1 training boys
2 Prague 3 P R O N U N C IATI O N the letter u
3 Roman Polanski’s watch a Look at the words in the list, which all have the letter u in them. Put them
4 Fagin in the right column below according to how the vowel sound is pronounced.
5 ‘misdirection’
6 some keys accuse burglar caught community court drugs fraud guilty
7 the journalist’s wallet and pen judge jury manslaughter mugger murderer punishment smuggling
8 a map
9 Westminster tube station and
Big Ben. /ju;/
10 ‘Watch out! Pickpockets about!’
f What have you learned to do or
not to do…?
a to protect your house
b if you are on holiday in London
b 3.3 Listen and check. Which two words are pronounced exactly the same?
What happens to the pronunciation of u in guilty?
c Practise saying the sentences.
1 He was accused of smuggling drugs.
2 ‘Murderers must be punished,’ said the judge.
3 The burglar is doing community service.
4 It wasn’t murder, it was manslaughter.
5 The jury said he was guilty of fraud.
6 The mugger was caught and taken to court.
d Talk to a partner. Find out as much information as possible.
What are the most common crimes in your town or city?
What crimes have been in the news recently?
Do you have trial by jury in your country? Do you think it’s a good system?
Do you know anyone…?
• who has been burgled
• who has been mugged
• whose car has been stolen
• who has been unfairly accused of shoplifting
• who has been stopped by the police while driving
• who has been robbed while on holiday
• who has been offered a bribe
• who has been kidnapped
3A 37
 4 G R AM MAR passive (all forms), it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.
a Check what you know. You are going to read two true crime stories. In World Cup thief’s own goal complete the article
with the verb in brackets in the past simple active or passive. Then in Parrot held in prison, circle the right form.
Any problems? Workbook p.25

World Cup thief’s own goal Parrot held in prison

A thief who 1 (steal) a World Cup ticket from a A parrot has spent five days 1interrogating / being
woman’s handbag 2 (catch) after he sat down to interrogated by police in a prison in Argentina.
watch the game next to the victim’s husband.
A judge 2ordered / was ordered the parrot, which
Eva Standmann, 42, 3 (mug) as she was going to 3calls / is called Pepo, 4to hold / to be held in custody
the Munich stadium for the game between Brazil and until he told police who his real owner was. Two
Australia. The thief, a 34-year-old man, 4 neighbours, Jorge Machado and Rafael Vega, were
(discover) the ticket in her bag and he decided to use it.
disputing who the bird 5belonged / was belonged to.
But when he 5 (take) the woman’s seat in the
Judge Osvaldo Carlos decided the parrot should
stadium, he 6 (meet) by her husband Berndt, 43, 6send
who immediately called the police on his mobile. / be sent to prison until he said the name of
his owner. After five days, Pepo said Jorge’s name and
A Munich police spokesman said, ‘The thief 7 also sung the anthem of his favourite football team,
(find) the ticket in the bag and decided to watch the San Lorenzo. Mr Machado said, ‘I knew he wasn’t
game. When he sat down next to his victim’s husband,
going to let me down. He is a real friend and we
officers on duty at the stadium 8 (inform) of the 7support / are supported the same football team.’
situation and the thief 9 (arrest).’

b New grammar. Read another true story. How does the c Look at the highlighted phrases. Do people know this
hypnotist rob banks? information for sure about the robber or do they only
suspect it ? How is the structure different after he and
Hypnotic bank robber after it?
d p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Read the rules and do
the exercises.
e Complete the newspaper crime story using the words
in brackets.
Britain’s most polite armed robber
Police in Stockport in the UK are looking for a man who
1 (believe / be) Britain’s most polite armed
Bank clerks in Moldova have been told by the police not to make
robber.
eye contact with customers after a series of robberies. The robber
The robber, who always says ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ when
is believed to be a trained hypnotist from Russia. he orders shop staff to give him the money in the till,
2 (say / be) a tall man in his early forties.
He is said to put cashiers into a trance before making them hand
over tens of thousands of dollars’ worth of notes. He wears a mask and washing-up gloves during robberies.
It 3 (think / he / rob) at least four shops in
It is thought that the criminal begins talking to bank tellers and Stockport in recent weeks.
gradually hypnotizes them. After getting them to give him money, A police officer said, ‘He 4 (report / be)
he then brings them back out of the trance and leaves them with polite to his victims, but there is nothing polite about
no memory of handing over the cash. It is believed that the man armed robbery. Last week this man used a knife to
threaten shop staff. They were terrified. Saying “please”
has robbed at least three banks in the last month. and “thank you” cannot change that.’
38 3A
5 R EAD I N G
a What do you think would be an appropriate punishment for…?
Making the
1
2
a woman who abandoned some kittens in a forest
people caught speeding in a residential area
punishment
3
4
a man who was caught carrying a loaded gun in the street
some teenagers who vandalized a school bus
fit the crime
5 noisy neighbours who play rock music very loudly at all hours – Mike Cicconetti, a US judge
with a difference
b Read the first four paragraphs of the article. What sentence
did Judge Cicconetti give these people? Why? Do you think 1 When Michelle Murray was arrested for
his sentences would be more effective than yours? abandoning some kittens in a forest, she
expected to get a fine or a short prison
Sometimes when you read a newspaper article for detail, the sentence. Instead she was sentenced to
information is not given in a chronological order. You may spend the night in the same cold, dark
need to re-read the article to clarify in your mind information forest. In the end it was so cold that she Judge Cicconetti
about people and events. only had to spend three hours in the
woods, but Judge Mike Cicconetti had
c Read through the questions below. Then read the whole made his point. He wanted the 26-year-old
article to find the information. Ohio housewife to feel the same pain and
1 The judge suffering as the animals she had
What was his early life like? How successful has he been abandoned, many of which later died.
professionally? 2 Judge Cicconetti’s unusual ruling was
2 The punishments just the latest example of his unique
Which three creative punishments get the offenders to learn brand of ‘creative justice’ which has won
from a personal experience? him national acclaim. He was elected Michelle Murray
Which two punishments get them to do something for unopposed to serve another six years in Lake County, Ohio
other people? last month, and this year won the presidency of the American
3 The reasons behind his system Judges Association.
What inspired his system of creative punishments?
Why does he think they are better than conventional 3 Cicconetti allows offenders to choose between jail, and an alternative,
punishments? ‘creative’ sentence. For example, people accused of speeding are
What evidence does he have that the punishments are offered a choice between having their licence suspended for 90 days,
successful? or having it suspended for a shorter period and spending one day
working as a school crossing guard. The judge says that offenders
d What do you think of his system? Would you like to have who spend a day helping school children across the street never
a judge like Cicconetti in your town? appear in his courtroom for speeding again.
4 The judge also sent a man who was caught with a loaded gun to the
6 S P EAKI N G mortuary to view dead bodies and ordered teenagers who let down
tyres on school buses to organize a picnic for primary school
GET IT RIGHT giving your opinion children. He has ordered noisy neighbours to spend a day of silence
When we are giving our opinion about the right way in the woods, or to listen to classical music instead of rock.
to punish someone, we often use should + passive infinitive:
I think they should be made to… 5 Cicconetti attributes his unusual approach to his tough family
I don’t think they should be allowed to… background. He was the oldest of nine children and had to work
part-time collecting rubbish to pay his way through college. He
a In groups, decide on creative punishments for these studied law at night school. ‘I didn’t go to a prestigious law firm,’ he
crimes or offences. says, ‘I had to get to where I am the hard way. It makes you
understand what the working man has to go through, and why some
• An arsonist who sets fire to a local beauty spot, for example,
of them commit crimes. I want to give people a positive lesson, not
a forest.
a negative one.’
• A 15-year-old who is caught drinking and smoking.
• Someone who parks illegally causing major traffic delays. 6 A drawer in his cramped office in the Painesville Municipal Courthouse
• A group of teenagers who paint graffiti all over walls in a is full of thank-you letters from both victims and criminals. ‘Some
small town. people will say that my punishments are cruel or unusual,’ the judge
• A couple whose dogs bark incessantly and bother the said. ‘OK, it’s a little bit of embarrassment and humiliation. But when
neighbours. you have people fulfilling these sentences, you are doing it for them
• A young person who creates a computer virus which infects and the victims and the community. And above all, I can remember
thousands of computers. only two people who have been sentenced to alternative
b Compare with other groups and decide which you think punishments and who have reoffended.’
are the best solutions.
3A 39
 3
3A passive (all forms), it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.
the passive (all forms)
present simple Murderers are usually sentenced to life imprisonment. • Use the passive when you want to talk about
present continuous The trial is being held at the moment. an action but you are not so interested in
present perfect My car has been stolen. saying who or what does / did the action.
past simple Jim was arrested last month. • If you also want to mention the person or
past continuous The cinema was being rebuilt when it was set on fire. thing that did the action (the agent), use by,
past perfect We saw that one of the windows had been broken. e.g. Prison sentences are decided by judges.
However, in the majority of passive sentences
future The prisoner will be released next month.
the agent is not mentioned.
The verdict is going to be given tomorrow.
infinitive with to People used to be imprisoned for stealing bread.
infinitive without to You can be fined for parking on a yellow line.
gerund He paid a fine to avoid being sent to jail.

it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.

active passive • This formal structure is used especially in news
1 They say that the company may close. It is said that the company may close. reports and on TV with the verbs know, tell,
People think that prices will go up. It is thought that prices will go up. understand, report, expect, say and think. It makes
2 People say the man is in his 40s. The man is said to be in his 40s. the information sound more impersonal.
The police believe he has left the country. He is believed to have left the country. 1 You can use It is said, believed, etc. + that + clause.
2 You can use He, The man, etc. (i.e. the
subject of the clause) + is said, believed, etc.
+ to + infinitive (e.g. to be) or perfect infinitive
(e.g. to have been).

3B future perfect and future continuous

future perfect: will have + past participle future continuous: will be + verb + -ing
I’ll have finished the article by Friday, so I’ll email it to you then. Don’t phone between 7.00 and 8.00 as we’ll be having supper then.
They’ll have built the new terminal in six months’ time. This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach.
• Use the future perfect to say something will be finished • Use the future continuous to say that an action will be
before a certain time in the future. in progress at a certain time in the future.
• This tense is frequently used with the time expressions by ! We sometimes use the future continuous, like the present
Saturday / March / 2030, etc. or in two weeks / months, etc.
continuous, to talk about things which are already planned
• By + a time expression = at the latest. With in, you can say in
or decided, e.g. I’ll be going to the supermarket later.
six months or in six months’ time.

3C conditionals and future time clauses (with all present and future forms)
zero conditional
If you want to be fit, you have to do exercise every day.
If your muscles ache every day, you are probably doing too much exercise.
If you haven’t been to London, you haven’t lived.
• To talk about something which is always true or always happens as a result of something else,
use if + present simple, and the present simple in the other clause.
• You can also use the present continuous or present perfect in either clause.
first conditional future time clauses
If the photos are good, I’ll send them to you. I’ll be ready as soon as I’ve had a shower.
If you’re not going, I’m not going to go either. We’ll probably be watching the Cup Final when you arrive.
If I haven’t come back by 9.00, start dinner We’re not going to go out until the rain has stopped.
without me. I’m not going to work overtime unless I get paid.
I’ll have finished in an hour if you don’t Take your umbrella in case it rains.
disturb me.
• When you are talking about the future, use a present tense after these expressions:
• You can use any present tense in the if clause as soon as, when, until, unless, before, after, and in case. This can be any present
(present simple, continuous or perfect) and tense, e.g. present simple, present continuous, present perfect.
any future form (will, going to, future perfect, • We use in case when we do something in order to be ready for future
future continuous) or an imperative in the situations / problems. Compare the use of if and in case:
other clause. I’ll take a jacket if it’s cold. = I won’t take one if it’s not cold.
I’ll take a jacket in case it’s cold. = I’ll take a jacket anyway because it might be cold.
136
 G R AM MAR B AN K

3A
a Rewrite the sentences in the passive (without by…). b Rephrase the sentences to make them more formal.
The police caught the burglar immediately. People think the murderer is a woman.
The burglar was caught immediately. It is thought that the murderer is a woman.
The murderer is thought to be a woman.
1 Police closed the road after the accident. The road…
2 Somebody has stolen my handbag. My handbag… 1 Police believe the burglar is a local man.
3 The painters are painting my house. My house… It… The burglar…
4 They’ll hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting… 2 People say the muggers are very dangerous.
5 The inspector fined them for travelling They… It… The muggers…
without a ticket. 3 Police think the robber entered through an open window.
6 The police can arrest you for drink-driving. You… It… The robber…
7 Miranda thinks someone was following Miranda thinks she… 4 Police say the murderer has disappeared.
her last night. It… The murderer…
8 They had sold the house five years earlier. The house… 5 Lawyers expect that the trial will last three weeks.
It… The trial…

3B
a Complete the sentences using the future perfect or b Complete the dialogue with verbs in the future
future continuous. continuous or future perfect.
The film starts at 7.00. I will arrive at the cinema at 7.15. A Well, it looks like the weather’s going to be different in
When I arrive at the cinema, the film will have started . (start) the 22nd century.
1 The plane to Paris takes off at 9.00 and lands at 10.30. B What do you mean?
At 10.00 they to Paris. (fly) A Well, they say we ’ll be having much higher have
temperatures here in London, as high as 30°. And
2 I save €200 a month.
remember, we 1 on the beach, we not lie
By the end of this year, I €2,400. (save) 2 in 30°, which is quite different. And work
3 I leave home at 7.30. It takes an hour to drive to work. islands like the Maldives 3 by 2150 disappear
At 8.00 tomorrow I to work. (drive) because of the rise in the sea level. They say the number of
4 Our meeting starts at 2.00 and finishes at 3.30. storms and tsunamis 4 by the middle of double
You can’t ring me at 2.30 because we the century too, so even more people 5 move
a meeting. (have) to the cities looking for work. Big cities 6 grow
5 Sam is paying for his car. The last payment is in November. even bigger by then. Can you imagine the traffic?
B I don’t think there will be a problem with the traffic.
By December he for his car. (pay) Petrol 7 by then anyway, so nobody will run out
6 Their last exam is on May 31st. have a car. Someone 8 a new method of invent
By the end of May they their exams. transport, so we 9 around in solar drive
(finish) powered cars or something.

3C
a Circle the correct form. b Complete the sentence with a time expression from the list.
Don’t worry. Rob will have passed / has passed after as soon as before if in case (x2) unless until when
the exam if he’s studied enough.
1 If I’m not feeling / I won’t be feeling better I’ll call you as soon as I get back from my holiday.
tomorrow, I’m going to go to the doctor’s. 1 He’s going to pack his suitcase he goes to bed.
2 Kerry won’t be going / doesn’t go to work next 2 They’re setting off early there’s a lot of traffic.
week if her children are still ill. 3 Sophie will be leaving work early tomorrow her boss
3 Don’t call Chloe now. If it’s eight o’clock, she’ll needs her.
bath / will be bathing the baby.
4 You can be fined if you aren’t wearing / won’t be 4 I’m meeting an old friend I go to London.
wearing a seat belt in your car. 5 I’ll call you I find out my results.
5 If we’re lucky, we’ll have sold / we’ve sold our 6 I’m late tomorrow, start the meeting without me.
house by Christmas. 7 Lily will have packed some sandwiches we get hungry.
6 If plants aren’t watered, they die / will have died. 8 They’ll be playing in the park it gets dark.

Study Link MultiROM www.oup.com/elt/englishfile/upper-intermediate 137

 Crime and punishment V O C AB U L ARY B AN K

Crime Criminal Verb

1 Crimes and criminals 1 I blackmail blackmailer to blackmail
Match the examples to the crimes in 2 bribery – to bribe
the chart. 3 burglary /"b3;gl@ri/ burglar to break in / burgle
A A gang took a rich man’s son and 4 drug dealing drug dealer to sell drugs
asked the family for money. 5 fraud /frO;d/ – to commit fraud
B She went to her ex-husband’s 6 hijacking /haIdZ&kIN/ hijacker to hijack
house and shot him dead.
7 kidnapping kidnapper to kidnap
C A passenger on a flight made the
pilot land in the desert. 8 mugging mugger to mug
D After the party the man made the 9 murder* /"m3;d@/ murderer to murder
woman have sex against her will. 10 rape rapist to rape
E We came home from holiday and 11 robbery robber to rob
found that our TV had gone. 12 smuggling smuggler to smuggle
F Someone tried to sell me some 13 terrorism terrorist to set off bombs, etc.
marijuana during a concert. 14 theft thief /Ti;f/ to steal
G When the border police searched 15 vandalism vandal to vandalize
his car, it was full of cigarettes.
H Someone threw paint on the statue * manslaughter /"m&nslQ;t@/ = killing somebody illegally, but unintentionally
in the park. assassination = murder of an important person, usually for political reasons= (verb
I He said he’d send the photos to assassinate).
a newspaper if the actress didn’t
pay him a lot of money. 2 What happens to a criminal
J An armed man walked into a bank Complete the sentences. arrested caught charged
and shouted, ‘Hands up!’ Write the words in the column. committed investigated questioned
K A man transferred company money The crime
into his own bank account. 1 Carl and Adam a crime. They murdered a man. committed
L A builder offered the mayor 2 The police the crime.
a free flat in return for a favour.
3 Carl and Adam were on the way to the airport.
M Two men left a bomb in the
4 They were and taken to a police station.
supermarket car park.
5 The police them for ten hours.
N Somebody stole my car last night
from outside my house. 6 Finally they were with murder.
O A man held out a knife and made acquitted court evidence guilty judge jury not guilty
me give him my wallet. proof punishment sentenced verdict witnesses

The trial
7 Two months later, Carl and Adam appeared in .
8 told the court what they had seen or knew.
9 The (of 12 people) looked at and heard all the . /
10 After two days the jury reached their .
11 Carl was found . His fingerprints were on the gun.
12 The decided what Carl’s should be. /
13 He him to 10 years in prison / jail.
14 Adam was found (they thought he was innocent).
15 There was no that he had committed the crime.
16 He was and allowed to go free.
Punishments
• community service (doing • a ( 600) fine • a life sentence
some work to help society, • six months in • capital punishment
e.g painting, cleaning, etc.) prison (the death penalty)
Can you remember the words on this page? Test yourself or a partner. p.37

Study Link MultiROM www.oup.com/elt/englishfile/upper-intermediate 149