“CONTENT ANALYSIS OF
BIODIESEL AND
BIOPETROL”
INDEX
• What is biodiesel?
• History of vegetable oil and based fuel
• Why biodiesel?
• Production of biodiesel
• Biodiesel properties
• Feedstock for biodiesel
• Uses of biodiesel
• India Initiatives
• Major issues and concerns
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Refrences
• Bibliography
1. What is biodiesel?
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel
consisting Of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made
by Transesterfication of vegetable oil or animal fat , which can
be used(alone, or blended with conventional
iesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vechicles.
“Biodiesel” is standardized as mono-alkyl ester
2• History of vegetable oil based fuels.
• The use of Vegetable oils as fuel is not new ; biodiesels has
been studied since the nineteeth century,especially in Europe .
• 1900- Rudolf Diesel Debuted the first diesel engine running
on peanut oil at the world’s exhibition in Paris .
• He likely used peanut oil at the request of the French
Government, who were interested in its use in their African
colonies.
• After Diesel’s mysterious death in 1913, development focused on
the use of petroleum based fuels.
• The use of Vegetable oils as engine fuels may seem insignificant today but
the oils may become,in course of time as important as petroleum and the
coal tar products of the present time.
3• Why biodiesel?
• Globally transportation accounts for 25% of
energy demand and nearly 62% of oil consumed .
• This generation of electricity is the single largest use
of fuel in the world.
• More than 60%of power generates comes
from fossil fuels.
• Security of supply.
• Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Social structure and Agriculture .
4• Production of Biodiesel?
Biodiesel properties..
• Biodiesel can be made from a wide range of Feedstocks.It is not clear if
this varying source has significant impacts on fuel properties or
performance.
• Neat Biodiesel (B100) has a higher cetane,no sulfur and a high
oxygen content.
• B100 has a high cloud point which causes cold start probs.
• Biodiesel is a good solvent, which leads to maintenance concerns . Special
Components and maintenance are recommended for both vehicles and
the distribution system.
• Biodiesel is biodegradable , safer to handle than petroleum and
less toxic.Toxicity of an emissions may be an issue.
Feedstock for biodiesel
Uses of biodiesel ..
Cars and Trucks: Diesel cars and trucks can run on
biodiesel.
Aircraft: Recent testing has shown the viability Of biofuel
use in the aviation industry, and use of biofuels to power
aircraft is expected to increase substantially in the next
Off-Road Equipment: A large percentage of off-road
equipment such as vehicles used in agriculture. mining.
forestry. construction, and power and heat production Britain's first biofueled passenger train pulled out of a
London station on Thursday at the start of a six-
— use diesel fuel, making this equipment suitable for month test intended to measure the feasibility of
replacing diesel power with biofuel.
biodiesel use
Small Engines: Small engines, like those found in lawn
mowers and chainsaws. can use ethanol blends up to IO
percent without problems
Indian Initiative's..
• National Misson on biodiesel has been launched by GOI.
• State Governments designated special authorities /bodies
to manage.
• Ministry of petroleum and natural gas notified
biodiesel purchase policy .
• Government institues are working on technology
and promotion.
• Public and Private sectors are working on processing and
end use.
Some more practicalities..
• The former president of India , Late Dr.APJ ABDUL KALAM , is
one of the strong advocaters of Jatropha cultivation for production
of biodiesel.
• The State Bank of INDIA provided a Boost to the cultivation of
Jatropha In India by signing a MoU with DI Mohan, a joint venture
of DI oils plc ,to give loans to the tune of 1.3 billion rupees to local
farmers in INDIA.
Biodiesel :first trial run on
train ..
• First successful trial run of a superfast passenger train
was conducted on Dec 31,2009.
• Delhi- Amritsar Shatabdi Express used 5%of biodiesel fuel.
• Railway annual fuel bill=Rs 3400 crore (for Diesel).
• 10%mixture with diesel= reduced.
• 5%substitution is accepted .
Interesting Practicalities states..
• Andhra Pradesh has entered into a formal agreement with
Reliance Industry for Jatropha planting.
• The company has selected 200 acres(0.81 Km²) of land at Kakinada
to grow Jatropha for high quality biodiesel fuel.
• Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million saplings of Jatropha in
all its 16 districts during 2006 with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-
reliant state by 2015.
Maharashtra
• On Nov 2005,the Maharashtra Government aimed to cultivate Jatropha
on 600(km²) in the state.
• September 2007-Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)joined
hands with the Maharashtra State Farming Corporation . Ltd(MSFCL) for a
Jatropha seed –based bio-diesel Venture.
• Jatropha plant would be grown on 500 acres (2Km²) in Nashik and
Aurangabad.
Major issues and concerns..
• Land availability
• Certified High Yielding Varities
• Plant health
• Availability of labour
• Irrigation
• Costs
• Energy Balance
• Potential areas for further attention .
Support Required..
• High Yielding certified seed/planting material.
• Dedicated government financial support.
• Allotment of funds to promote Energy crop plantations.
• Nil VAT/ST On biodiesel portion of blended HSD.
• Direct investments by corporate to be treated as R & D expense
CSR activity.
• Waste Land Allotment Policy:Integrated (revenue cut forest)
wasteland allotment policy.
Biodiesel Energy Balance, Renewability..
• Biodiesel is produced domestically ,making it attractive energy policy.
• DOE analysis indicates biodiesel decreases life cycle emissions of CO2
by 15%(B20) to 78%(B100).
• Note that biodiesel production is slightly less efficient than petroleum
diesel production (2.5%). However biodiesel produce 3× as much energy
from the same amount of fossil fuel. If ethanol is used instead of
methanol , this energy ratio is even greater.
• Oil conversion is the step which requires the greatest amount of
fossil energy (87% of total primary energy) . This step requires the
use of electricity and methanol as fossil fuels.
Advantages…
• Bio-diesel is environmental friendly.
• It can help to reduce dependency on foreign oil.
• It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine wear.
• It offers similar power to diesel fuel.
• It is safer than conventional diesel.
• It can be made from waste products.
• It can be made at home easily.
Disadvantages..
• It’s storage for long period is not suitable for engine operation.
• It becomes gel in cold weather.
• It has water content . (Hygroscopic)
• It has higher (10%)not emission.
• It decreases horsepower (25%).
Conclusion..
• By mixing of 20% biodiesel with Diesel will help India to save 7.3×10⁶ tones
of Diesel per year.
• In India about 33 million hectars of wasteland is available and can effectively be
used for cultivation of Jatropha plants.
• It offers business possibility to agricultural enterprise and rural employment.
• Use of biodiesel does not require major engine modifications. The only thing
that changes is air quality.
• Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure biodiesel .
• Biodiesel has positive attributes such as Increased cetane,high fuel lubricity
and high oxygen content.
• Biodiesel is least –cost –strategy to comply with state and federal regulations .
• Biodiesel is degradable,non toxic and free from Sulphur and lead.
• There fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any modification.
Refrences..
• Gabowski, Ms.Mc Cormick R L (1998) combustion of fat
and vegetable oil.
• Lapureta M,Armas O, Rodriguez –Fernandez J.
• (1999)effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions .
• Basha,SA Raja Gopal K, Jebaraj S (2011)a review on
biodiesel production , combustion , emission and
performance.
• Hazar H.Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine.
Bibliography…
• http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryld=9
• (small BP Video)
• https://www.nationwidefuels.co.uk/
• http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/VVeb sites/02-03/
biofuels/ what biodiesel.htm
• http://greenfuels.co.uk/
• http://www.environment-agencv.gov.uk/business/sectors/32599.aspx
• http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/21/biodiesel-
industryeupolicy-changes
