CH-2

COLONISATION
OF INDIA
Presented by Maheen and Aditi
 PREVIOUS
KNOWLEDGE
* Where the battle of Buxar was
held ?

* The battle of Plassey was

fought between the British and ?

* Which treaties is not related to

the Anglo Mysore war?
 L.O
SWBAT
~ explain expension under lord Wellesley (1798-1805)

~ explain subsidiary alliance

~ explain British expansion under lord Dalhousie (1848-

56)
 BRITISH
EXPANSION
UNDER LORD
WELLESLEY
Lord Wellesley , who was the
Governor - General of India from
1798 to 1805 Extended the british
influence in 2 ways
• SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCES
• DIRECT WAR
 SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE
POINT 3
01 POINT 1 03 EXPEL ALL OTHER
DISBAND HIS OWN ARMY
AND MAINTAIN BRITISH FOREIGNERS FROM HIS
TROOPS PERMANENTLY AT TERRITORY.
THEIR COST OR CEDE SOME *COLSULT THE BRITISH
TERRITORY IN LIEU OF IT. IN BEFORE NEGOTIATION
CASE RULERS FAILED TO
MAKE PAYMENTS, A PART WITH ANY OTHER INDIAN
OF THE TERRITORY WAS STATE.
TAKEN AWAY AS PENALTY
POINT 2
02 ACCEPT A BRITISH OFFICER
CALLED THE RESIDENT WHO
WOULD BE STATIONED AT
THE RULERS COURT.A
RESIDENT WAS A POLITICAL
OR COMMERCIAL AGENT
WHOSE JOB WAS TO
FURTHER THE BRITISH
INTEREST.
THE NIZAM OF HYDERABAD
WAS THE FIRST TO ENTER
INTO A SUBSIDIARY
ALLIANCE WITH THE
ENGLISH IN 1798.IN 1801,
LORD WELLESLEY COERCED
THE NAWAB OF AWADH TO
ACCEPT THE SUBSIDIARY
ALLIANCE.
PESHWA BAJI RAO 2 SIGNED
A SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE AT
BASSEIN IN 1802.MANY
RAJPUTANA CHIEFS ALSO
ACCEPTED BRITISH
SUPERMACY AND SIGNED
TREATIES.
DEMENTRIS OR
DISADVANTAGE THE INDIAN RULERS WHO
ACCEPTED THIS
ALLIANCE.LOST ALL
THEIR
INDEPENDENCE.THEY
COULD TAKE NO
INDEPENDENT DECISIONS.
IN ADDITION, THEY HAD
TO MAINTAIN THE BRITISH
ARMY.THIS WAS A GREAT
FINANCIAL DRAIN.TO
MAKE MATTER
WORSE,THE RESIDENT'S
DEMAND ALSO HAD TO BE
FULFILLED.
ADVANTAGES On the other hand, it proved very
advantageous to the British; now they
could maintain a large army at the cost
of others. The military and foreign affairs
of the alliance partner directly came
under their control; through the resident
they could excercise control even in
internal matters. Finally, territories of
Indian rulers could be annexed at any
point of time.
 RAPID BRITISH
EXPANSION (1805-1848)
CLAIMING AFGHANISTAN AND PUNJAB
PARAMOUNTACY SIND Punjab flourished under
Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He kept
Lord Hastings became the In 1830, the British started Punjab free from the clutches
governor general and initiated the
new policy of paramountcy. Under interfering in Afghanistan's of the British through
this policy the British claimed that internal affairs as the thought diplomacy and by maintaining
the authority of the company over Russia might expand across a strong Army on European
the Indian states is Supreme and it Asia and attack India or lines. In 1839, Maharaja Ranjit
is not unjustified to annex or Afghanistan. This insecurity Singh died after his death and
threaten to annex any Indian state resulted into Anglo - Afghan. the British began to interfere
in the interest of the company. Therefore, the British failed to in the affairs of Punjab. This
The revolt of Rani Chennamma of
Kittur showed the non annexed Sind in 1843. lead to two Anglo - Sikh wars
acceptance of the policy. and Therefore, The sikhs were
defeated.
 BRITISH EXPANSION
DOCTRINE OF UNDER LORD
LAPSE
Like the Policy of Subsidiary
DALHOUSIE (1848-56
Alliances, Doctrine of Lapse was
introduced By Lord Dalhousie.
According to the Doctrine of
lapse, A dependent state would
pass into British hands. If the ruler
died, without a natural male heir. It
did not recognise the right of
adopted children to inherit the
throne. Satara, Sambalpur,
Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi were
all annexed under this policy.
ANNEXATION OF ANNEXATION OF WONDERFUL TO
AWADH OTHER STATES KNOW
In 1856, Awadh was annexed by Shatranj ke khiladi a movie by
Lord Dalhousie on the pretext Dalhousie annexed a part of satyajit ray portrays how the
of misgovernance. The ruler of Sikkim in the 1850 on the British took over awadh by
Awadh *Wajid Ali Shah* was pretext of. ill - treatment to the taking advantage of the
deposed and this enraged the company's employees. The incompetence of nawab wajid
people of Awadh. They joined Nizam of Hyderabad had to Ali Shah. The movie is based on
the great revolt of 1857. give away Berar as he failed to a short story with the same
meet some financial obligations. title by Munshi Premchand.
Administrative structure
The British government realise that to maximize its profit and to
strenghten its hold over India, it required and efficient system of
Administration. Therefore, they divided their territories into
administrative units called *PRESIDENCIES*, similarly to today's
state. Their were three Presidencies - Bengal ( Kolkata ),Madras
( Chennai ) and Bombay ( Mumbai ) and each was ruled by a
Governor. The supreme head of Administration was the governor
general. Warren hastings became the first Governor General of
British India
Now, the further part will be explained by you all with the help of
an activity....
Judiciary
1) The justice system of India was based on local customs and
traditions. There was no uniformity from 1772, a new system was
introduced where in two courts - Criminal Court and Civil Court
2) Civil courts were presided over by a European district
collector while, Criminal Court was still managed by *QAZI* and
*Mufti* . As per the regulating act of 1773, a new Supreme Court
and *SADAR NIZAMAT* was established at Kolkata.
3) Finally, in 1883 a Law Commission was set up to codify the
Indian laws. This eventually lead to the compilation of Indian
Penal Code. ( IPC )
Army
1) The British army included European soldiers and Indian sepoys,
but Indians could at the most become a Subedar.
Each Presidency has it's independent Army the British recruited
peasants as sepoys and gave them European style training.
2) From the 1820, the requirements of the company's Army
declined. They were trained to use *MUSKETS* and
*MATCHLOCKS*.
3) A uniform military culture was introduced in the early 19th
century with the soldiers being introduced to the drill and
discipline that regulated their life.
Conclusion
By 1857,large territories had been directly brought under the
British rule. The British, due to their political domination, freely
exploited India.Later,this economic exploitation was critically
examined by dadabhai naoroji in his work,'Poverty and Un-British
rule in India'.The British took advantage of the political disunity
and established their colonial rule in India.
Now we
will play
a game !
rules and regulations to be followed while
playing the game
• First and most important thing all
will be in descipline
•No one will stand from his / her seat.
• No one will shout or do houting.
• The one who gets the ball will stand
up and answer.
•If anyone breaks the rules then
his/her row or team's marks will be
deducted.
Thank you!