Center for Smart Agriculture

Protected floriculture

Module 3:Production technologies followed for

Protected cultivation of different flowers
Session 16: Protected cultivation of rose
 INTRODUCTION

Common name: Rose

Scientific name: Rosa sps.

Family: Rosaceae

Chromosome no: 2n=14

 IMPORTANCE AND USES

• Cut flowers.

• Aesthetic purpose.

• Perfumes

• Gulkand {1(petals):1(sugar)}

• Pot pourri.

• Rose water
 POLYHOUSE PRODUCTION

• All year round production

• Quality seedlings

• Perfect growth

• Excellent flowers

• Fetch high prices

• Limited land area

• Minimum fertilizer use

 CULTIVARS OR VARIETIES

• Dutch rose varieties cultivated in green house have

high demand in the international markets.

Dutch rose varieties popular in India:

• Top Secret, Gold Strike, Corvette, Noblesse, Bon

heur, White Avalanche, Sweet Avalanche, Tropical
Amazon, Hot Shot, and Sovereign.
 Gold Strike Corvette

Sweet Avalanche Top Secret

 CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT

• Greenhouse temperature

200C or 210C (cloudy days)

240C –280C ( sunny days)

• Optimum temperature : 150C to 280C

• Ideal humidity : 60-65%

• CO2 level :1000-1200 ppm

• Light intensity :40000 to 60000 Lux

 SOIL

• soil pH: 5.5 to 7.

• The soil should be highly porous and well drained.
• 30% of organic matter is required on the growing
beds.
• Dutch rose also cultivated on artificial growing
mediums like coco peat, rock wool and pumice.
 SOIL STERILIZATION

• Soil sterilization is a process of disinfecting the soil

before planting new plants.
Methods of sterilization:
1. Apply formalin @ 10 liters per sq m, cover it with
polythene film for 4 days and remove the film and
aerate the soil then irrigate to flush out the
chemicals.
2. Apply 3-7 ml per liter hydrogen peroxide mixed
with 1 liter of water and spread over the soil, let it
sit for 4-6 hours then continue planting.
 SOIL BED PREPARATION
 Raised beds are used for better drainage & aeration.
dimensions of beds
• Bed height: 45 cm
• The width of bed at the top: 90 cm
• The pathway between beds: 50 cm
 For better roots establishment FYM & DAP or
SSP ( 10 to 15 gm /sq.meter)
Planting:
two types of planting material:
1. budded plants (5 to 6 weeks old ).
2. top grafted plants
Spacing for 2 rows on a single bed
• 18cm (plant to plant)
• 30cm (row to row)
Dutch rose plants is about 8-10 plants/sq. m
 FERTILIZER APPLICATION

• N:P: K:: 20:20:20 @ 2.5 gm/lit every two days for

the first three months after planting.

• 2g of calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate per

plant can be applied when needed.

• soil analysis should be done every 2-3 months to

decide specific nutrient schedule.
 IRRIGATION

Water quality should be as follows:

• PH: 6.5 – 7.0

• EC : 0.5 – 1 ms/cm.

Drip irrigation specification:

• Use Pressure Compensating Drippers to uniformity

in the delivery of water.

• Use two lateral on one bed.

• Dripper discharge capacity 1.2 -4 LPH.

• The water requirement of Dutch Rose plant can be
approximately 800 ml – 1000ml for per plant per
day.

• Use micro sprinklers first four weeks for uniform

root development gradually change to drip
irrigation.
CULTURAL PRACTICES
 Initial plant development / mother
shoot bending

• First flower is pinched after one month from the

date of plantation.
• 2 to 3 eyes bud will sprout on main branch to grow
as branches which in turn will form buds. Then
mother shoot is to be bent towards the direction of
path.
• The mother shoot is bent nearer to the bud joint.
• It is done to initiate bottom break ground shoot.
 PLANT STRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
• After planting ground shoot will start growing from
crown of plant.
• The weak ground shoots should be bent at ground
level, for forming a basic and strong frame work.
• strong ground shoots should be cut at 5th five pair of
leaves after four and half months from the date of
plantation.
• The medium ground shoots should be cut at 2nd or
3rd five of leaves.
 BENDING

• Bending helps in maintaining enough leaf area on

the plants to build up a strong root system.
• Only weak and blind shoots are selected for
bending.
• Growing suckers should be removed .
• Bending is done on 1st or 2nd five pair of leaves.
• Buds should be removed from the bended stem to
avoid thrips incidence.
• Stem should not break and leaves should not touch
the ground.
 DISBUDDING
• The removal of these buds is known as disbudding.
• When bud attain pea-size and shows slight colour
then it is right time to do disbudding.
• For most spray varieties, the center crown bud is to
be removed.
• It is generally done on weak stem.
• Thick stem produce strong sprouts whereas thin
stem gives out weak sprouts.
 PINCHING

• Removal of unwanted vegetative growth from the

axil of leaf below the terminal bud is called
pinching.
• It leads to apical dominance.
 WILD SHOOT (ROOT STOCK)
REMOVAL
• Removal wild shoots which are the unwanted
growth that takes place at the union on the root
stock.
• They should not be cut but removed from its union
by pressing it with thumb in order to check its
further sprouting.
 SUPPORT OF THE PLANTS
• The support system consists of bamboo / GI pipes /
'L' angles.
• They are inserted on both sides of bed at the start
and end of the bed.
• Poles are placed at intervals of 3m on both sides of
the bed.
• Along the sides of bed, fastened at the poles are 14
gauge GI wires or plastic string at 30 cm – 40 cm
intervals to support the plant.
MAINTENANCE OF BEDS
• It is done by adding fresh soil to bed or by
shifting fertile soil from path to bed.
PRUNING
• Stems are cut back leaving 4-5 nodes on the
basic stock frame, removing all weak shoots
and redirecting the wayward ones.
• Generally, flowering takes place 45 days
after pruning.
WEEDING AND LOOSENING OF THE SOIL

• It is helpful for removal of weeds, breaking the top

layer of algae and to facilitate better air circulation
in soil.

APPLICATION OF BUD CAPS

• Placed on pea sized buds to increase the size and

shape to meet customer demand.

REMOVAL OF DIEBACK

• When cut portion is infected stem starts drying from

place of cut towards bottom of the plant.
 HARVESTING

• First harvest should be taken on 2nd or 3rd five pair

of the leaves above the first cut.

• The regular harvesting is done on 2nd five pair of

leaves.

• Low green house temperature only early morning

harvest.

• High day temperature – second havest late

afternoon.
Cut stages of roses
• Stage 0 & 1 for export.
• Stage 2 & 3 for domestic market.
YIELD
• 230 flowers per sq. m
• To improve vase life for 10-12 days use 10 litres of
clean, chlorinated water or water mixed with
preservatives like Florissant and RVB chrysal as
vase solution.
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Pre cooling chamber De leafing

Grading and bunching Cold chain

Packing Transport
PACKGING OF DUTCH ROSES IN
CORRUGATED BOXES
 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
• Flowers with more than 35 cm are sold at local
market.
Quality parameters of dutch roses for export
market

S. No Stem Bud size(cm) Bud

length(cm) diameter

1 40 3.2 2.2-2.5

2 50 3.5 2.5-2.7

3 60 3.5-4 2.7

4 70 4 2.7
 DISEASES

• Die back (Diplodia rosarum, Colletotrichum sp.)

• Black spot (Diplocarpon rosae)

• Powdery mildew (Spaerotheca pannosa)

• Downey mildew (Peronospora sparsa)

• Gray mould (Botrytis cinerea)

• Rust (Phragmidium sp.)

• Crown ball (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)

• Wilt (Marmor flaccumfasciens)

 INSECT-PESTS
• Red scales
• Red spider mites
• White ants
• Aphids
• Thrips
• Jassids
• Chafer beetles
• Mealy bugs
• Stem girdler
• Sawflies
 PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
• Bull head

• Bent neck

• Limp neck

• Blind shoot
Blind shoot
• Vascular plugging

Bent neck Bull head