MoH/EHPLE-Nursing 2013/2021 IER/AAU/N-II

1. A mother, who has been lactating for six months, came to a family planning clinic upon return
of her menstrual period. The nurse discussed about contraception options, their side effects and
benefits with the mother, and she prefers the injectable method of contraception.

What is the appropriate site of administration of the contraceptive she chose?

A. Ventro-gluteal muscle B. Deltoid muscle C. Gluteal muscle D. Pectoral muscle

2. A postpartum woman came to clinic seeking for a non-hormonal and long-acting contraceptive
as she does not need more children. The nurse explained about the benefits and side effects of the
contraceptive method requested and planned to provide the service for the woman.

What is the most appropriate time to provide this contraception after delivery?

A. 45 days B. 48 hours C. Six months D. Nine months

3. A woman, who has been using IUCD for six months, came to a clinic with complaints of lower
abdominal pain and pain during sexual intercourse. On vaginal examination, uterine and cervical
tenderness were identified.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this woman?

A. Risk for injury B. Risk for infection C. Risk for bleeding D. Risk for trauma

4. A woman came to gynecologic OPD with complaints of prolonged, excessive and menses after
six months of taking IUCD contraception. She also has cramp and pain during menses in addition
to premenstrual syndrome.

What is the priority intervention for this woman?

A. Remove the IUCD and appoint her after seven days

B. Assess for any medical condition

C. Change the contraceptive

D. Counsel and support

5. A woman with her husband came to gynecologic OPD with complaints of inability to conceive
for three years. She has regular menstrual period and never used any kind of contraceptive. A
nurse planned to investigate the cause for their complaint.

What is the initial laboratory investigation to be requested?

A. DNA assays B. Semen analysis C. Antibody studies D. Sperm penetration assay

6. A 17-week pregnant woman come to ANC clinic with a complaint of slight vaginal bleeding.
She also has lower abdominal cramp and backache. On physical examination: her blood pressure is
110/60 mmHg and pulse rate is 76/minute, and she has mild uterine contraction, closed cervix and
intact membrane.

What is the most likely diagnosis of the woman’s condition?

A. Incomplete abortion C. Threaten abortion

B. Inevitable abortion D. Complete abortion

7. A 16-year-old postpartum mother came with a complaint of urinary incontinence after six days
of delivery. She is distressed and frustrated with the condition. Her blood pressure is 90/70 mmHg,
pulse rate is 82/min and temperature is 37.90C.Pelvic examination findings suggest vesico-vaginal
fistula.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this mother?

A. Hypotension B. Hypothermia C. Knowledge deficit D. Disturbed body image

8. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to a gynecologic ward with the diagnosis of uterine
prolapse. She is frightened and is suffering from repeated occurrence of a sudden leakage of urine
with activities which increases abdominal pressure.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for the woman?

A. Stress urinary incontinence C. Impaired urinary elimination

B. Urge urinary incontinence D. Reflex urinary incontinence

9. A 12-week pregnant woman came to a hospital with excessive vaginal bleeding for one day. On
physical examination, cervix is opened and a conceptus tissue is identified. Her blood pressure is
85/60 mmHg, pulse rate is 120/min and temperature is 37.40C.

What is the most priority outcome criterion for this woman?

A. Stable blood pressure within an hour C. Stable body temperature within an hour

B. Demonstrate daily activity after 2 days D. Cessation of bleeding within an hour

10. A 53-year-old mother was admitted to gynecologic ward with the diagnosis of uterine prolapse.
After four days of providing care, she still has low backache and dragging sensation. However, she
got voluntary control of urination and relief pelvic pressure. She developed fear of relapse of the
condition.

Which is the most effective measurement of patient’s outcome?

A. Low backache B. Dragging sensation C. Voluntary urination D. Relief pelvic pressure

11. An 18-year-old woman came to a gynecologic clinic for scheduled health checkup. Her history
shows that she is sexually active and had multiple sexual partners. After taking detailed history, the
nurse concluded that the woman is at risk of cervical cancer.

What is the priority screening method to e requested for this patient?

A. Pap-smear test C. Colposcopic examination

B. Ultrasound examination D. Endocervical curetting test

12. A 17-week gestational age pregnant woman comes to an emergency room with loss of
consciousness for one hour. She has severe vaginal bleeding and pale conjunctiva. Her blood
pressure is 80/50 mmHg, pulse rate is 110/min, respirations are 14/min and temperature is 37.20C.

What is the most appropriate initial intervention to stabilize this woman?

A. Give oxygen 6L/min y nasal cannula C. Monitor fluid intake and urine output

B. Provide Penicillin G 2 million units IM D. Start normal saline 1L in 15min IV

13. A nurse assessed the growth and developmental status of a child. On assessment, the child can
climb a chair, feed himself with spoon and name body parts. But, the child is unable to speak
simple sentences.

What is the most likely age of this child?

A. nine-month-old B. 12-month-old C. 15-month-old D. 18-month-old

14. A 16- month-old child was brought to pediatric OPD with complaints of failure to thrive
associated with anorexia, vomiting and incomplete eruption of primary teeth for age.

What is the priority nursing intervention for this child?

A. Provide treatments to relieve anorexia C. Provide nutritional rehabilitation service

B. Provide dental hygiene according to age D. Examine the mouth fully and treat accordingly

15. An EPI focal person supervised the vaccine store site of a health center found in highland area.
The focal person found that all vaccines were improperly stored at -30C.

What is the most likely type of vaccine at risk of damage?

A. OPV B. Rubella C. Measles D. DPT-HepB-Hib

16. 200 infants received pentavalent one from a woreda with a target population of 215. Of which
180 infants finished the three doses of petavalet vaccie.
What is the dropout rate of the vaccine i this woreda?

A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

17. A four-year-old child was brought to a clinic with complaints of gradual wasting, anorexia;
mild fever ad cough induced vomiting. The child looks very old, with loose and wrinkled skin.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis of the child?

A. Impaired skin integrity C. Imbalanced nutritional status

B. Ineffective feeding pattern D. Risk for fluid volume deficit secondary to anorexia

18. A five-month-old infant is on formula feeding due to poor breast milk production by the
mother. On assessment, the infant is found to have severe wasting with weight-for-height <3Z
score.

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for this infant?

A. Start feeding F-75 C. Use supplementary sucking feeding

B. Start feeding diluted F-100 D. Give vitamin A 100,000 IU at admission

19. A nurse found that the body temperature of preterm neonate born at 33 weeks of gestation was
36.10C at two hours of birth. The neonate was born through SVD and was placed nearby the
mother with the head and body covered.

What is the most likely initial nursing intervention for this neonate?

A. Adjust the room temperature C. Place the neonate under radiant warmer

B. Cover the neonate with extra clothes D. Place the neonate skin-to-skin with the mother

20. A term newborn that was unable to breathe at birth secondary to meconium aspiration was
resuscitated. After 15 minutes of resuscitation, the neonate started to breathe weakly and
irregularly and was kept on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation (CPAP).

What is the most likely nursing diagnosis of this neonate?

A. Risk for ineffective airway clearance

B. Risk for infection

C. Risk for impaired spontaneous ventilation

D. Risk for sudden infant death syndrome

21. A five-day-old neonate is brought to a hospital with complaints of poor feeding and irritability
of two days duration. The mother noticed yellowish discoloration ofn the neonate’s skin since the
second date of birth. The neonate also had one episode of convulsion. Body temperature was
36.70C on examination. Indirect bilirubin level of 27mg/dl was identified on laboratory
investigation.

What is the most likely complication in neonate?

A. Hyperpyrexia B. Seizure disorder C. encephalopathy D. Severe Hypoglycemia

22. A one-week-old neonate is brought to a hospital with complaints of poor feeding, cough and
difficulty of breathing during feeding of three days duration. The neonate has pulse rate of
130/min, respirations of 58/min, central cyanosis while crying and systolic ejection murmur over
second and third inter-costal spaces.

What is the most likely nursing diagnosis of this neonate?

A. Activity intolerance C. Ineffective airway clearance

B. Decreased cardiac output D. Ineffective breathing pattern

23. A preterm newborn was admitted to a neonatal ICU. The neonate was given IV Ampicillin and
Gentamycin, IV fluid and kept in kangaroo mother care. After two days of admission, the neonate
has body temperature of 35.70C.

What is the most likely next step management of this neonate?

A. Changing the drug C. Performing further investigations

B. Providing additional IV glucose D. Putting the neonate under radiant warmer

24. A four-hour old very preterm neonate, who is born through caesarean section, has body
temperature of 35.60C. The neonate was placed nearby its unconscious mother since birth after
covering with blanket in a room temperature of 260C.

What is the most likely cause of the neonate’s condition?

A. Lack of feeding C. Lack of sufficient covering clothes

B. Low room temperature D. Lack of skin-to-skin contact with the mother

25. A five-year old child was brought to a health center for follow up after two days of
appointment. The child was classified as pneumonia in the first visit and managed accordingly
with IMNCI guideline. In the current visit, the nurse suspected severe pneumonia.

What is the most likely finding to confirm nurse’s suspicion?

A. Stridor B. Wheezing C. Fast breathing D. Chest indrawing

26. A two-year old child is brought to a health center with a complaint of diarrhea. On
examination, the child has sunken eyes. The nurse classifies the child as severe persistent diarrhea
according to IMNCI.

What is the most likely finding to confirm the classification?

A. Drinks eagerly and thirsty with five days duration of diarrhea

B. Skin pinch goes back very slowly with 12 days duration of diarrhea

C. Skin pinch goes back very slowly and >14days duration of diarrhea

D. Not able to drink or drink poorly with five days duration of diarrhea

27. A 40-year-old mother who was on PMTCT program came with her 45-day-old baby for routine
vaccination. The mother asked the nurse about how she is going to feed her baby.

What is the most appropriate counselling to be given to this mother?

A. Exclusive breast feeding for six months

B. Exclusive cow’s milk feeding for six months

C. Exclusive formula feeding for six months

D. Expressed heat-treated breast milk for six months

28. A 12-day-old neonate was brought to a health center for follow up after two days of
appointment. The neonate was classified as jaundice in the first visit ad managed accordingly with
IMCI guideline. In the current visit, the nurse suspected severe jaundice.

What is the most likely finding to confirm nurse’s suspicion?

A. Skin and eyes are yellow C. High serum bilirubin level

B. Palm and sole are yellow D. High conjugated bilirubin level

29. A 16-year old boy, who was previously treated for pulmonary TB, came back to T B clinic
after a year with cough. Laboratory investigation showed smear and Gene X-pert positive.

What is the most likely case definition of this client?

A. New B. Relapse C. Treatment failure D. Treatment after loss to follow up

30. A known HIV positive woman gave birth at 37 completed weeks of gestation. The baby
weighed 3200gm and the 5-miute APGAR score was 10.
What is the most appropriate care to e give to this baby immediately after birth?

A. Give first line ARTs C. Give Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis

B. Initiate artificial feeding D. Give post exposure prophylaxis

31. A four-year-old child is brought to a pediatric OPD with the clinical features of oliguria ad
generalized body edema which was initially noted around the eye. The nurse suspected that the
diagnosis of the child could be Nephrotic syndrome.

What is the likely laboratory finding to confirm this diagnosis?

A. Proteinuria B. Hypolipidemia C. Hyperalbuminia D. Hypocoagulability

32. A child is admitted to a pediatric ward with the clinical features of respiratory distress, brassy
cough and retained purulent secretions.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?

A. Impaired gas exchange C. Ineffective airway clearance

B. Ineffective breathing pattern D. Impaired spontaneous ventilation

33. An eight-year-old child from malaria endemic area was brought to health center with
complaints of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and severe headache. On examination respirations
were 45/min, temperature was 38.90C and pulse rate was 85/min.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?

A. nausea B. Anorexia C. Acute pain D. Hyperthermia

34. A six-year-old child was brought to a pediatric OPD with the complaints of vomiting and acute
abdominal pain. On examination, the clinician found classic features of appendicitis.

What is the most appropriate next step in the management of the child?

A. Resuscitate with appropriate fluid C. Start appropriate antibiotic treatment

B. Administer analgesics with caution D. Perform confirmatory diagnostic tests

35. A seven-year-old child was brought to a pediatric OPD with the complaints of hematuria. On
examination, the patient had edema, hypertension and renal insufficiency. The clinician wanted to
know the possible risk factor of this case.

What is the most likely underlying cause of the most likely disease?

A. History of recurrent croup C. History of recurrent tuberculosis

B. History of recurrent pneumonia D. History of recurrent tonsillo-pharyngitis

36. An eight-year-old patient with a complaint of diarrhea of five days duration secondary to
gastroenteritis is brought to an under-five OPD. On examination, there is a sign of some
dehydration, persistent emesis ad sunken eyes.

What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

A. ORS, 60 mL/kg orally C. 50 mL/kg normal saline solution

B. 20 mL/kg IV ringer lactate D. ORS, 60 mL/kg through NG tube

37. A two-year-old child with the complaints of choking ad coughing of unknown duration came
to a hospital. On examination, the physician found wheezing asymmetrically and the child was
suspected to have foreign body aspiration.

What is the primary diagnostic method for this child?

A. MRI B. Ultrasound C. Chest X-ray D. CT scan

38. A school age child was admitted to a pediatric ward with burn injury on the chest and
abdomen. The nurse, who was carrying for the baby during the 24-48 hours post burn, planned to
manage complications of this child.

What is the most common finding the nurse should consider?

A. Pleural effusion C. Carbon monoxide poisoning

B. Pulmonary embolism D. Respiratory distress syndrome

39. A child was admitted to a pediatric ward with burn injury. On examination BSA=20%, and
weight is 24kg. The nurse planned to prepare resuscitation fluid.

What amount of fluid should be given to the child in the first eight hours of burn?

A. 960 ml ringer lactate C. 480 ml normal saline

B. 960 ml normal saline D. 480 ml 5% dextrose in water

40. A four-year-old child was brought to a health center with the complaints of ear discharge. On
examination, there was peri-auricular edema that pushed the auricle forward. The clinician
suspected otitis media.

What additional clinical feature is needed to confirm the diagnosis?

A. Hearing loss C. Pain on manipulation of the auricle

B. Significant lymphadenitis D. Sagging of the posterior canal wall

41. A-45-day old patient with clinical feature of confluent erythematous rash with satellite pustules
on diaper area that has six days duration is brought to a paediatric clinic.

What is the most appropriate management of this patient?

A. Frequent diaper B. Treat presumptively with Acyclovir

C. Treat presumptively with Nystatin D. Treat presumptively with cephalexin

42. A seven-year-old child was brought to a clinic seeking treatment for the progressive weight
loss. The child has good appetite and excessive sweating. On examination, his respiratory rate was
30/min and pulse rate was 110/min, and has exophthalmia.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this child?

A. Graves disease B. Hyperthyroidism

C. Autoimmune Thyroiditis D. Congenital hypothyroidism

43. A four-year-old male child who previously has adapted toileting in a potty chair refuses to do
so. He also cries while departing from his mother. His behaviour was changed following the birth
of his younger brother.

What appropriate education should be given to the parents to help this child?

A. To give more attention to him

B. To find another child that he will play

C. To involve him in the care of his younger brother.

D. To focus on the younger child so that he will adapt it.

44. A three-year-old with complaints of change in social interaction and repetitive behaviour was
brought to a hospital. On assessment, the child loves to play alone, used multiple nonverbal
behaviours, plays with the same toys and did not speak words appropriately.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this child?

A. Attention deficit B. Down syndrome

C. Autism spectrum disorders D. Childhood depression disorder

45. A 16-year-old schizophrenic patient was admitted to a hospital because of risk of harming
others. He believes as if everyone’s gestures and comments were directed at him. These symptoms
have been seen for the last six weeks. He was treated for the same episode before three years.

What is the most important finding that supports the diagnosis of the patient?
A. Presence of referential delusions B. Symptoms in the last six weeks

C. History of the same episode D. Risk of harming others

46. A 17-year-old was brought to a hospital, reporting elevated mood, inflated self-worth, easily
distractibility and fight to ideas nearly every day. He is still functioning well and current symptoms
do not necessitate hospitalization. He has no past history mental illness.

What is the least required duration to diagnose his problem?

A. One week B. Six months

C. One month D. One day but < four days

47. A 40-year-old man who is on antidepressant wa admitted to a hospital following alcohol

intoxication. After supportive treatment, he reports to the nurse that he usually drinks too much for
the last 10 years in order to forget life stressors.

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?

A. Ineffective coping related to knowledge deficit

B. Risk of delirium tremens related to hospitalization

C. Frequent hospitalization secondary to poor adherence

D. Non adherence to treatment regimen secondary to knowledge deficit

48. A 26-year-old business manager came to a clinic complaining of persistent inability to speak in
front of people. This results in repeated failure to win projects to sustain his company. The
problem lasted six years and he usually delegates other person in those situations.

What is the best psychological approach to manage his problem?

A. Help him in uncovering and analysing unconscious conflicts

B. Expose him to the phobic situation for as long as they can tolerate

C. Help him actively confront the phobic situation with help of therapist

D. Expose him serially to a predetermined list of anxiety- provoking situation

49. A 12-year-old boy was brought to a clinic. His mother reported that he has difficulty to attend
school, unable to sit still and fail to follow instructions at school. The nurse observed him in the
health center that, he touches everything around him and throw weight scale from the table.

What is the best treatment approach for this child?

A. Consult specialist for further evaluation

B. Calm the child with small dose of antipsychotic

C. Advise the mother to give him special attention over other children

D. Reassure the mother that symptoms may improve as the child grow up

50. A 36-year-old woman came to a hospital reporting three weeks of feeling sad, hopeless, easily
tiredness, excessive sleep and thought of ending her life. She has been treated for symptoms totally
opposite to the current one for the last six months.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?

A. Bipolar II disorder C. Bipolar I disorder mixed episode

B. Major depressive disorder D. Bipolar I disorder depressive episode

51. A 32-year-old woman came to a health center with new onset of depressed mood, delusions,
and thoughts of harming her infant. Symptoms begin one week after she gave birth to a healthy
baby and it lasted for three weeks. She has no previous history of psychiatric illness

What is the most likely diagnosis of this woman?

A. Postpartum blues C. Postpartum psychosis

B. Brief psychotic disorder D. Postpartum depression

52. A 56-year-old man came for psychiatric follow up and reported that he got no improvement.
He was being treated for major depressive disorder with psychotic feature for the last five months.
After the death of his wife, three months ago, he started to smoke three pieces of cigarettes a day.

What is the most likely factor that puts him at higher risk of suicide?

A. Grieving B. Depression C. Substance use D. Psychotic episode

53. A 16-year-old girl came to clinic with complaints of difficulty to attend school due to lack of
sleep, worry ad nervousness. She started to live near to crime-ridden neighbourhood since two
months back. She has neither history of substance use nor experiencing or witnessing serious
traumatic event.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this case?

A. Acute stress disorder C. Separation anxiety disorder

B. Adjustment disorder D. Post-traumatic stress disorder

54. A 35-year-old single man was hospitalized for a minor head injury secondary to group conflict.
During the conflict, he witnessed that many people were massacred in a way that no one can
expect from human action. He has no history of mental illness but currently chews khat?

What is the most likely risk factor for stress related disorder in this person?

A. Head injury B. Substance use C. Hospitalization D. Trauma severity

55. A 24-year-old pregnant woman was referred by obstetrician to psychiatric OPD. She had
history of Cannabis use five times per day. She reported that she has urge to continue use of the
substance in order to avoid unpleasant feeling she gets when reduced or stopped it. Even though
her husband is worried about effects on fetus, yet she emphasizes that she has a friend who
delivered a healthy baby though smoking Cannabis.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this woman?

A. Cannabis abuse C. Cannabis intoxication

B. Cannabis addiction D. Cannabis withdrawal

56. A 53-year-old male is admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia before three days.
During admission, he was calm and cooperative. Within 36 hours of treatment, symptoms of
pneumonia are becoming less but he started to have insomnia, aggression and increased hand
tremor.

What is the primary nursing action for this patient?

A. Re-assess the patient including history of alcohol use

B. Report to the respective physician as soon as possible

C. Physically restrain the patient to protect any harm

D. Record all findings and follow further progress

57. A 60-year-old male hypertensive patient, who was otherwise healthy, deteriorates within hours
after admission for an elective surgery. Occasionally, he becomes confused. His current
medications include Enalapril 10 mg PO/day and Furosemide 20 mg IV BID. He drank three
standard drinks of alcohol every day but no history of psychiatric illness.

What is the most likely diagnosis of the above case?

A. Delirium B. Dementia C. Amnesia D. Depression

58. A nurse is taking care of a 52-year-old male patient hospitalized with a diagnosis of dementia.
In contrary to the reality, the patient believes and argues that the nurse is his daughter and
currently he is at his office chairing a meeting with his workmates.

What is the best nursing intervention to deal with the patient’s belief?

A. Attempt to challenge his delusion logically

B. Accept his idea and advise to evaluate yours

C. Tell him that his false idea is due to the illness

D. Acknowledge his feelings and reinforce reality

59. A newly formed management team of a hospital assessed trends of the institution and
identified interests of the staff. Then, the management team established a committee with
responsibilities of developing incentive packages and generating creative solutions to make
corrective actions for the identified gaps.

What is the most likely management function addressed by the team?

A. Leading B. Planning C. Controlling D. Organizing

60. A female nurse attending hospital reform training introduces herself as she is serving with skill
and knowledge expected for the specific position she is assigned to.

What is the most likely managerial level of a nurse expressed in this case?

A. Top level B. First level C. Middle level D. Second level

61. Federal Ministry of Health developed Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP) after
reviewing SWOT analysis as well as performance of the nation on MDG and GTP I. On the basis
of this, the health sectors designed a practical plan which contains measurable objectives.

A. Strategic Planning C. Operational Planning

B. Tactical Planning D. Contingency Planning

62. A nurse who is appointed as CEO of a hospital, made introduction with the staff presented his
interest in managing the hospital. The CEO mainly focuses on the proper use of population based
data, global standards and tools for successful implementation of health sector reforms in the
facility.

What is the most likely organizational building block focused by the CEO?

A. Governance B. Information C. Human Resource D. Service delivery

63. A nurse asked a delegate of the CEO about the issues that the delegation included. The
delegate explained that he is delegated for responsibility of a particular task with the right of
decision on resources.

What is the most likely organizational principle the delegator used?

A. Unity of Command C. Continuing responsibility

B. Requisite authority D. Organizational centrality

64. A nursing college posted to hire instructors for medical-surgical course repeatedly. However,
no body applied for the vacancy. Therefore, the college wanted to employ instructors from another
college staff on part-time basis. The requested college accepted the request as it benefits its staff.

What is the most appropriate conflict resolution strategy used y the college?

A. Win - Lose B. Lose-Lose C. Win-Win D. Lose-Win

65. A Zonal health administration inspection team visits woreda health offices every quarter. One
of a leader from a woreda explains his experience of leadership for the participants as he involves
staffs in the decisions, shares responsibilities and creates chances for staffs to be innovative.

What leadership style is most likely used by the woreda administrator?

A. Democratic B. Laissez faire C. Authoritarian D. Transformational

66. A nurse student came to Ethiopia from Europe for student exchange program In one of
Ethiopian university Drug the first visit of the ministry of Health (MOH) the nurse wants to know
the general health strategies of the nation. The communication officer of MOH explained that
major parts of decision making, organization, capacity building, planning, implementation and
monitoring is transferred to the regions with clear definitions of roles.

What is the most likely health care policy strategy explained for the nurse

(A) Democratization (C) Community participation

(B) Decentralization (D) Inter-sectorial collaboration

67. A Zonal health administration wants to increase utilization of health insurance in all the
woredas. During the course of their activities members of the public asked to have a scheme which
does not rely much on local or national social solidarity and stable formal labor markets.

What is the most likely health insurance scheme to be recommended in this scenario?

(A) Social health insurance (C) Voluntary health insurance

(B) Individual health insurance (D) community- Based health insurance

68. A nurse working as manager of a project agreed with a funding organization to assess the
immediate observable effects that leads to the successfulness of program which was implemented
a year before in the implementation area.

What is the most appropriate evaluation type for this scenario?

(A) Process evaluation (C) Formative evaluation

(B) Impact evaluation (D) Summative evaluation

69. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to a medical ward with the diagnosis of hepatitis.B.
After nurse’s counselling, the patient agreed to share her information to her family

What ethical principle applied by the nurse?

A. Advocacy B. privacy C. Confidentiality D. Informal consent

70. In a cardiac center of a hospital, more than 5000 children and other cardiac patient are on
waiting list for cardiac surgery because of resource scarcity. Along with solving the budget
constraint and training of health professionals, the hospital management decided to give service in
their order to visit,

What is the most appropriate principle applied in this context?

A. Justice B. Autonomy C. Beneficence D. Nonmaleficence

71. A nurse is taking care of patient coming to an emergency unit all the day without rest. A
mother with her sick child came at the end of the day looking for help. The nurse told her to wait
for the night shift nurse who will come just in few moments. However the mother is begging him
to help her sick child who is crying. After three minutes, the shift nurse arrived and managed the
child and reassured the mother.

What is the most likely threat of compassion for the nurse in the day shift?

A. Compassion fatigue C. Stress and burnout

B. Health facility context D. Unbalanced focus

72. A 32-year-old female patient who is diagnosed with cholelitiasis was admitted to a medical
ward. A nurse in charge while preparing the patient for surgery urinary catheter in the ward
without screen. The patient complained that her privacy was violated but the nurse denied the
action.

What is the most likely law used to charge the nurse?

A. Contract law B. Criminal law C. Public law D. Tort law

73. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to a medical ward with a diagnosis of DKA. The
patient selected a treatment option that is best for her after being informed about all treatment
options. After five days of treatment, the patient progressed well and was discharged. However,
since she has no money to pay, she is kept in the ward till the hospital manager will come and
decide.

What is the most likely encountered disrespect to the patient?

A. Abandonment of care C. non consented care

B. Detention in facility D. no dignified care

74. A 34-year-old nurse encountered a patient suffering from cardiac arrest on street. He tried to
manage the patient. However, the patient died while he is giving CPR. The victim’s family
prosecuted the nurse in court.

What is the most likely law that handles such case?

A. Criminal law B. Common law C. Statute of limitations D. Good samaritan statute

75. A nurse working in a health center has life and death issues in court at 3:00 pm. While the
nurse is leaving the health center, a mother with her sick child comes looking for help. The child is
in severing distress and will die if aggressive management is not given.

What principle of professionalism is most likely challenged in this case?

A. Accountability B. Altruism C. Excellence D. Humanism

76. A nurse observed medication administration error made by his friend working in medical ward.
Due to this, the patient developed minor complication and treated.

What is the first thing the nurse must do?

A. Confront his friend C. Follow secretly and supervise

B. Report to the nurse director D. Report to the legal judiciary body

77. A 28-year-old patient came to a health center suspecting that he might have STI. During
discussion with the nurse, he was afraid of telling what he feels. The nurse while waiting for
answer, waited with silence and look at the eye of the patient.

What question most likely open door for a discussion for this case?

A. Are you in pain? C. Tell me about your pain

B. Tell me about your family? D. Tell me what you want to talk about?
78. A 32-year-old female, newly diagnosed with HIV was referred to the ART clinic for
counselling. On assessment, she seems hopeless and anxious. The nurse explores the need and
condition of the client through proper counselling.

What is the most appropriate initial step for nurse’s action?

A. Establish guideline of communication C. Plan interview at appropriate time

B. Accept the client as a whole individual D. Ensure privacy and confidentiality

79. A nurse researcher wants to conduct a study on ‘‘Factors contributing to high prenatal
mortality at selected health institutions of district X’’. He tried to read and summarize pertained
information from different books, published articles and health reported about the problem

What is the most likely activity of the researcher?

A. Write research problem C. Synthesis literature review

B. Develop research objective D. Write rational of the research

80. A health center head, wants to study the satisfaction level of health workers in the health
center. He collects data from 20 health workers who were available in the health center during data
collection period.

What is the most likely type of sampling technique used by health center head?

A. Quota sampling B. Snowball sampling C. Purposive sampling D. Convenient sampling

81. A researcher wants to study prevalence of diarrhoea among school students by taking 450
students from 1800 students in the school. The researcher developed the questionnaire, gave
training for data collectors ad supervisors and then he is ready to start data collection using the
questionnaire with strict supervision after getting permission from school director.

What is the most likely activity of a researcher to increase the data quality?

A. Maximizing the sample size C. Strict supervision during data collection

B. Developed data collection tool D. Pretesting of the data collection tool

82. A nurse working in an adult emergency OPD observed six individuals who developed hepatitis
A disease. The incubation periods for each affected persons were 29, 31, 24, 29, 30 ad 25 days.

Calculate the mode of hepatitis A incubation period in this Scenario? The most frequently
appearing data

A. 28 B. 27 C. 31 D. 29
83. A nurse working in a hospital measures the time (in hours) a patient spent in the hospital from
getting card until completion of their service and departure to their home. Finally, the nurse
presents the data in graphs?

What is the most appropriate data presentation to be used by the nurse?

A. Pie chart B. Bar graph C. Histogram D. Stacked bar chart

84. A nurse working in district X with the catchment population of 45,000. Out of this, 600 were
women in child bearing age and from them 240 have given live birth. Twelve (12) infants have
died within 28 days of birth and 24 died before they celebrate their first birth day in 2010.

What is the neonatal mortality rate in this finding?

A. 20 neonates died per 1000 live births C. 12 neonates died per 1000 live births

B. 33 neonates died per 1000 live births D. 50 neonates died per 1000 live births

85. A nurse, who is working in a teaching hospital which has 100 health workers, wants to know
the health burden of common cold among health workers in the hospital in a month. On the first ad
second day, the nurse investigates 10 and 38 health workers respectively, who had common cold.
There is no change on the number of residents who had common cold over the month.

What is the prevalence of common cold among health workers over a month?

A. 1.0% B.1.8% C. 4.8% D. 3.8%

86. A researcher conducted a study on risk factor of acute appendicitis among patients in hospital.
The finding indicated that 40 had history of urinary tract infection from 160 who developed acute
appendicitis ad 12 had history of urinary tract infection from 320 individuals who were healthy.

What is the most likely interpretation of association in this research?

A. Urinary tract infection not risk factor for acute appendicitis

B. Acute appendicitis is the risk factor for urinary tract infection
C. Acute appendicitis is not risk factor for urinary tract infection
D. Urinary tract infection is the risk factor for acute appendicitis

87. A nurse who is working in a district wants to educate the community about how to treat water
by using locally available materials. O the course, the nurse prepares all the necessary material
needed for water treatment. During teaching session, every participant was able to see and practice
the water treatment process.

What is the most likely teaching method used by this nurse?

A. Drama B. Lecture C. Brainstorming D. Demonstration

88. A nurse who is a member of medicine and health Sciences College in Ethiopian University
wants to develop a new curriculum. During the process, curriculum development team involves
MOH to review whether the curriculum is based on the national health professionals’ quality
standards.

What is the most appropriate type of curriculum evaluation used by the team?

A. Internal evaluation C. Formative evaluation

B. External evaluation D. Summative evaluation

89. A 21 year old woman came to a hospital soon after she delivered her first baby at home. The
woman complains of the baby’s inability to breast feed. On examination, the nurses found that
baby weighs 2.0 kg and is unable to breast fed.

What is the most likely nutritional status of the neonate?

A. Obese baby C. Low birth weight baby

B. Over weight baby D. normal birth weight

90. A 13-year-old child came to a paediatric OPD with a complaint of sudden onset of profuse
watery diarrhoea accompanied by vomiting two days after eating street food with his friends. On
physical examination, he was acutely sick looking, weak and no fever.

What is the most likely diagnosis of this child?

A. Cholera B. Shigellosis C. Brucellosis D. Typhoid fever

91. A nurse in a health center gathered patients and provided them a health education session
concerning proper use of condom with demonstration in order to encourage utilization of condom
to prevent HIV/AIDS and unplanned pregnancies.

What is the most likely behavioural factor the nurse addressed?

A. Enabling B. Reinforcing C. Predisposing D. Emphasizing

92. A team of nurses was assigned to give health services to a community. The team wants to plan
activities and services to be given at home. After a while, the team agreed to services on the basis
of nurse’s responsibilities.

What is the most likely responsibility of nurses during home visit in this town?

A. to minimize clients’ level of independence

B. to give institutionalized care for clients

C. to give critical ad specialized health care services

 D. to address disabilities with non-institutional services

93. A public health experts’ committee in a country discussed about the importance and
implementation of screening for cervical cancer among reproductive age women. Then, they
identified that un-willingness to cervical examination and test sample taking was their challenges
mainly among younger age.

What are the most likely screening criteria challenged by these women?

A. Test should be on-going, and not a ‘‘one time’’ effort

B. Test should be acceptable to the population to be tested

C. Test should be done for a disease with a feasible intervention

D. Test should be done for a disease with an effective Intervention

94. A nurse who is a member of disease prevention team in a woreda health office has notified the
occurrence of an epidemic. Based on the available information the team visited patients, performed other
testes and confirmed that there is a measles epidemic among children in the community which is expanded
from boarder villages of the country.

What epidemic investigation step is best explained by the team in the above case?

A. Verify the diagnosis

B. Intervention and follow-up
C. Verify the existence of an epidemic
D. Make a decision on the tested hypotheses
95. A nurse was assigned to community based nutritional intervention team in a given woreda
health office. The prevalence of goiter among school age children is 39% and the team planned to
use nutrition intervention to reach the entire community.

What is the most appropriate intervention strategy for the community?

A. Universal iodization of salt

B. Mass iodine capsule provision

C. provision of variety of sea food

D. Parent education about iodine reach foods

96. A public health emergency management team of a health center has identified intestinal
parasites as one of the top ten diseases in its catchment area. The team has also inspected a practice
of open field defecation in the villages and decided to take action on the sources of food borne
infection.
 What is the most appropriate long term action to be taken in this case?

A. Inspection of food routinely C. Management of food-homemakers

B. Active immunization of animals D. Sanitary disposal of human wastes

97. A nurse who works in a specialized hospital has participated in kidney transplantation surgery.
After the procedure, the nurse wanted to dispose the removed kidney tissues and debris.

What is the most appropriate disposal method for such wastes?

A. Incineration

B. On-site burial

C. Municipal land fill

D. On-site secured burning