NETWORK TOPOLOGY

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3

Network Topology
Network Topology is a geometric
representation of how the
computers are connected to each
other it is the arrangement with
which computer systems or
devices are connected in a network
structure.
Two basic categories of network
topologies exist, physical
topologies and logical topologies.
Physical TOPOLOGy
physical topology of a
network is determined by
the capabilities of the
network access devices
and media, the level of
control or fault tolerance
desired, and the cost
associated with cabling or
telecommunication
circuits.
Logical topology
logical topology is the way
that the signals act on the
network media, or the way
that the data passes
through the network from
one device to the next
without regard to the
physical interconnection of
the devices. A network's
logical topology is not
necessarily the same as its
physical topology.
T Y PES O
F
TOPOLOGY
Bu
sTopology
 Bus Topology
also called as Bus Network is a network
topology in which **nodes are directly
connected to a common half-duplex link
called a bus.The host in this type of network
topology is called a station. In a bus
network, every station will receive all
network traffic, and the traffic generated by
each station has equal transmission priority.
What is a "node?
- A node is an electronic device that is
attached to a network, and is capable of
creating, receiving, or transmitting
information. over a communications
channel.
 Bus Topology
Advantages of Bus Topology
✓Very easy to connect a
computer or peripheral to a linear
bus. ✓ Requires less cable length
than a star network resulting in
lower costs.
✓The linear architecture is
very simple and reliable.
✓It works well for small networks.
✓It is easy to extend by joining
cable with connector or repeater.
✓Devices need less ports.
 Bus Topology
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
• Collisions occur in the network resulting
in packet loss.
• Bandwidth is shared among nodes;
• Performance may degrade with
many nodes on the network.
It is difficult to isolate faults in the network.
• The entire network shuts down or is
divided into two separate networks if
there is a break in the main cable.
• If any link or segment of the bus is
severed, depending on how the system has
been designed, all network transmission
may fail due to signal reflection caused by
the lack of electrical termination.
Sta
rTopology
Star Topology
reduces the impact of a
transmission line failure by
independently connecting each
host to the hub. Each host may
thus communicate with all others
by transmitting to, and receiving
from, the hub. The failure of a
transmission line linking any host
to the hub will result in the
isolation of that host from all
others, but the rest of the network
will be unaffected, it is also
considered the easiest topology to
design and implement.
Star Topology
Advantages of Star Topology
✓ If one node or its connection breaks, it
does not affect the other computers nor their
connections.
✓ evices can be added or removed without
disturbing the network.
✓ Works well under heavy load.
✓ Appropriate for a large network.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

• Expensive due to the number and length of
cables needed to wire each host to the
central hub.
• The central hub is a single point of failure
for the network.
Tree
Topology
Tree Topology
can be viewed as a collection of
star networks arranged in a
hierarchy. This tree has
individual peripheral nodes
(represent as leaves on a tree)
which are required to transmit
to and receive from one other
node only and are not required
to act as repeaters or
regenerators.
Unlike the star network, the
functionality of the central node
may be distributed.
Rin
gTopology
 Ring Topology
A ring topology is a bus topology in a
closed loop. Data travels around the
ring in one direction. When one node
sends data to another, the data passes
through each intermediate node on
the ring until it reaches its
destination.The intermediate nodes re
transmit the data to keep the signal
strong. Every node is a peer, there is
no hierarchical relationship of clients
and servers. If one node is unable to
re transmit data. it breaks
communication between the nodes
before and after it in the bus.
Ring Topology
Advantages of Ring Topology
✓ When the load on the network increases,
its performance is better than bus topology.
✓ An additional nodes or devices to the network has
very little impact on bandwidth
✓ There is no need of network server to control
the connectivity between
workstations.
✓ Transferring data in this type of network topology
is fast
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
• Aggregate network bandwidth is bottlenecked by
the weakest link between two nodes.
• Troubleshooting the problem in this topology type
becomes an issue especially when it is a large network.
• All computers in this network topology must be turned
on in order for them for to stablish communication with
each other.
• All computers are totally dependent on one cable.
Mes
hTopology
Mesh Topology
is a local network topology in
which the infrastructure nodes
(i.e. bridges, switches, and other
infrastructure devices) connect
directly, dynamically and non-
hierarchically to as many other
nodes as possible and cooperate
with one another to efficiently
route data from/to clients. This
lack of dependency on one node
allows for every node to
participate in the relay of
information.
Two types of mesh
Topology
Full Mesh Topology- is a network
topology in which there is a
direct link between all pairs of
nodes. In a fully connected
network with n nodes, there are
n(n-1)/2 direct links.
Partial Mesh Topology- In a
partially connected mesh
topology, there are at least two
nodes with two or more paths
between them to provide
redundant paths in case the link
providing one of the paths fails.
Hybri
dTopology
Hybrid topology
Hybrid networks use a combination of any two
or more topologies in such a way that the
resulting network does not exhibit one of the
standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.).
A hybrid topology is always produced when
two different basic network topologies are
connected. Two common examples for Hybrid
network are: star ring network and star bus
network.
A. A Star ring network consists of two or more
star topologies connected using a multistation
access unit (MAU) as a centralized hub.
B. A Star Bus network consists of two or more
star topologies connected using a bus trunk
(the bus trunk serves as the network's
backbone).
Hybrid topology
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
✓ One of the main advantage of Hybrid topology is
its flexibility, this type of topology is created to fit
the network design needed by organization of
different structures and maximizing the available
resources.
✓ Strong and effective connectivity.
✓ It is simple to extend or attach additional node
or devices to the network without interrupting
existing network design.
✓ More fault or error tolerant, failure from one
section can be isolated from the rest of the network.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
• Because of its larger scale this type of
topology is costly because it requires a lot of
cable, and more refined network devices is
needed.
• Not easy to create because of its complexity,
installation process needs to be well-organized.
Thanks for
Listeningt
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