Ngöõ Phaùp Tieáng Anh Conditionals
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN)
A. Loaïi 1: PROBABLE CONDITION: (Ñieàu kieän coù theå)
- I will have enough time, I will write to her.
If + S + V 1 / V s/ es ..., S + will / shall + V 1 ... If I have enough time, I will write to …
*Löu yù:
- MÑ chính:
- duøng thì HTÑ ñeå chæ moät söï thaät hieån nhieân, - If we boil water, it vapors.
moät quy luaät, moät thoùi quen.
- coù theå duøng: - meänh leänh caùch - If you see Peter, give him this book.
- can, may, might, should, - If you try hard, you can pass the exam.
ought to, have to, must, …
- MÑ if:
- coù theå duøng thì HTTD hoaëc HTHT
Loaïi 2: PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION: (ÑK ko coù thaät ôû HT)
ed - I don’t have money so I can’t help you.
If + S + V / were .., S + would / could + V 1 ...
2 If I had money, I could help you.
Loaïi 3: PAST UNREAL CONDITION: (ÑK ko coù thaät ôû QK)
ed ed - You didn’t ask me and I didn’t help you.
If + S + had + V …, S + would/ could + have + V If you had asked…, I would have helped…
3 3
B. MIXED CONDITION (Ñieàu kieän hoãn hôïp)
- Mary ate a lot of ice cream last night. She
Haønh ñoäng quaù khöù (loaïi 3) aûnh höôûng ñeán keát quaû ôû
hieän taïi (loaïi 2). feels sick now.
If Mary hadn’t eaten a lot of ice cream
ed
If + S + had + V …, S + would/ could + V 1 ... last night, she wouldn’t feel sick now.
3
C. ÑAÛO NGÖÕ: boû if, ñaûo (trôï) ÑT ra tröôùc chuû töø, duøng vôùi:
1. should - If he appears, please tell him to wait for me.
= If he should appear, please tell him to…
(“should” chæ moät söï vieäc khoù coù theå xaûy ra)
Should he appear, please tell him to ….
2. were (loaïi 2) (ko ñöôïc aùp duïng vôùi ÑT khaùc) - If he were stronger, he could lift the table.
Were he stronger, he could lift the table.
If I had more time, my report would be better
Were I to have more time, my report ….
3. had (loaïi 3). - If he hadn’t missed the train, he would be
here now.
Had he not missed the train, he would ….
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Ngöõ Phaùp Tieáng Anh Conditionals
D. IMPLIED CONDITION (Ñieàu kieän ngaàm)
Ñeà baøi coù: “or, or else, otherwise (neáu ko thì), - Keep silent or you’ll wake her up.
unless, without = but for ” khi vieát If you don’t keep silent, you’ll wake her up.
caâu ñk chæ ñoåi moät veá cuûa caâu ñeà baøi. - Without / But for the air, we would die
If there weren’t the air, we would die.
* CAÙC TÖØ KHAÙC COÙ THEÅ THAY THEÁ CHO IF
I. Conjunction of condition + S + V II. Preposition of condition + N / N.phr
(Lieân töø chæ ñk) (Giôùi töø chæ ñk)
1. in case = in the event (that) : lôõ khi 1. in case of = in the event of : lôõ khi
- In case your pen runs out of ink, (you should) - In case of emergency, follow the red lights
bring along 2 or 3 pens. to the exits.
*Chuù yù: “In case” khoâng ñi vôùi: so, may, might.
2. unless : neáu ... khoâng 2. with : neáu coù
- If he helps me, I can finish the work.
If + S + V phuû ñònh Unless + S + V xaùc ñònh
With his help, I can finish the work.
- If she does not hurry, she’ll be late.
Unless she hurries, she’ll be late.
3. provided (that) 3. without = but for = If it + be + not + for :
as long as : mieãn laø
providing (that) = : neáu ko coù
so
on condition that
- You can use my car, provided that/ as long as - Without = but for = If it were not for his
you keep it in good condition. help, I couldn’t finish the work.
- Without = but for = If it had not been for
his help, I couldn’t have finished the work.
4. even if (duø cho), only if (chæ khi), whether or not
(duø … hay ko)
- Even if he invites me, I won’t come to his house.
5. suppose (that) = supposing (that) : giaû söû nhö
- Supposing (that) you were the Prime Minister,
what would be the first three things you do?
* CAÙCH VIEÁT CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN THEO TÌNH HUOÁNG CHO SAÜN:
1. Choïn loaïi ñieàu kieän.
2. Laáy: Meänh ñeà chæ nguyeân nhaân thöôøng baét ñaàu baèng “because” laøm meänh ñeà “if”.
Meänh ñeà chæ keát quaû thöôøng baét ñaàu baèng “so, therefore, this / that is why” laøm meänh ñeà chính.
3. AÙp duïng coâng thöùc.
4. Xaùc ñònh ñoåi ra phuû ñònh vaø ngöôïc laïi (Loaïi 2, 3)
5. Boû “because, so, therefore, this / that is why, and “, …..(neáu coù)
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