AR-3007 Specification and Costing

Presentation On Specification Of Stone Work

PRESENTED TO
Ar. Nitin Bhardwaj

SUBMITTED BY
Name : Kushik Mishra
Year : B.Arch 5th Semester
Roll No. 19/AR/08

GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY

Department of Architecture and Planning
CONTENT

S. No. Content

1 List of mandatory Tests

2 Terminology

3 Random Rubble Stone Masonry

4 Coursed Rubble Stone Masonry

5 Plain Ashlar Stone Masonry

6 Punched Ashlar (Ordinary) Masonry

7 List Of Bureau Of Indian Standard Codes

LIST OF MANDATORY TESTS

Minimum
Field/ Qty. of
Test Frequency
Material Clause Test Requirement laboratory Material For
Procedure of Testing
Test Carrying out
test
Not more than 2.5%
50 sqm. for 100 sqm/20 cum or
by mass for
slabs and part thereof or
(i) Water sand stone and as
Laboratory IS 1124 10 cum in change of source as
absorption specified in
Stone per direction of
IS 1123 for other
masonry Engineer in-Charge
stones.

Not less than

7 N/mm2 for
7.1.1 (ii) Transverse sand stone and as IS 1121
Laboratory Do Do
7.4 strength specified in Part II
Stone
7.8 IS 1123 for other
7.9 stones.

Not greater than 2

mm on the average
and 2.5 mm for any
(iii) Resistance individual specimen
Laboratory IS 1706 Do Do
to wear for sand stone and
as specified in
IS 1123 for other
stones.
 Minimum
Field/ Qty. of
Test Frequency
Material Clause Test Requirement laboratory Material For
Procedure of Testing
Test Carrying out
test

Shall not develop

Signs of spalling,
Disintegration or
cracks for sand
(iv) Durability Laboratory IS 1126 Do Do
stone and as
specified in IS
1123 for other
stones.
Water Absorption Test

• Water absorption test: The water absorption test is carried out to determine the quality of stone.
% Absorption= (M1- M2)/M1X100
• Procedure: For this test, the stone is samples are taken and dried in an oven at 100° C to 110° C for 24 hours.
The sample is then weighed and the weight is recorded as M1.
Now the sample is immersed in distilled water at room temperature (20°c to 30°c) for a period of 24hours.
Samples are taken out of the water and surface water is wiped off with a damp cloth and weighed again. Let the
weight at this stage is M2.

Durability Test

• Durability test : The durability (soundness) test is performed to find out the capacity of stone to resist
disintegration and decomposition.
• Procedure: At least three test pieces, each 50 mm cubes or 50 mm dia cylinders of 50 mm height shall he
dried for 24 hours and weighed (M1).
The test pieces are then suspended -in a saturated solution of sodium sulphate decahydrate for 18 hours at room
temperature 20 to 30°C. These are then air dried for 30 minutes and then left to dry for four hours in an oven at
105+5ºC. These are then cooled to room temperature (20 to 30ºC) to complete one cycle.
The cycle is repeated to complete 30 turns. Test pieces are weighed after every fifth cycle to know the change in
weight due to disintegration. The test pieces shall be weighed after they are thoroughly freed of the sodium
sulphate solution by repeated washing. Weight M2 at the end of 30 cycles is noted.
Durability value= change in the mass= M1−M2/M1×100
Average for all the three test pieces is taken as durability value of the specimen.
The above analysis is based on IS: 1126–1974.
TERMINOLOGY

Ashlar Bed Joint

Stone masonry using dressed The joint where one stone presses on another
square stone blocks of given for example, a horizontal joint in a wall or
dimensions having faces radiating joint between the voussoirs or arch.
perpendicular to each other and
laid in courses.

Block
(a) Hollow (Open and Closed Cavity) Block: A
concrete masonry unit with any one of the external
dimension greater than the corresponding dimension
of a brick and having one or more large holes or
cavities which either pass through the block (open
cavity) or do effectively pass through the block
(closed cavity) and having the solid material between
50% and 75% of the total volume of the block
calculated from the overall dimensions.
(b) Solid Block: A concrete masonry unit with
external dimensions greater than corresponding
dimension of a brick and having solid material not Bond Stone (through Stone)
less than 75% of the total volume of the block
Selected long stone used to hold a wall
calculated from over all dimension.
together transversely (See Fig. 7.8).
Reveal
The part of the Random
Bond jamb between Random or irregular size and shapes.
An interlocking arrangement of structural units in a the frame and
wall to ensure stability. the arris.
 Jamb
Corbel The part of the wall at the side of an
Stone bonded well into the wall with opening
part of it projecting out of the face of
wall to form a bearing surfaces.
Cornice
A horizontal moulded projection which crowns
Dowels or finishes either a wall, any horizontal division
Dowels are small sections of metal, of wall, or any architectural feature .
stone or pebbles bedded with mortar
in corresponding mortice in bed or side
joint or adjacent stones.

Course
A layer of stones in wall including the
bed mortar.

Cramp
A small piece of metal or the hardest
or toughest stone procurable, sunk in
mortices and fixed across joints as
additional ties. The ends of metal Natural Bed
cramps are bent at right angles and The planes of stratification
stone cramps
Joggle
that occurs in a A key between the stones by providing a
are dovetailed. sedimentary rocks. groove in one stone to take a
corresponding concealed projection in the
Quoin edges on the other stone.
A quoin is the external angle of wall or building. The term is
also applied to stone specially selected and neatly dressed for
forming such angle.
Skewback Rubble Masonry
Sloping surface against which Masonry built of stones either irregular in shapes as
the springing of an arch rests. quarried or squared and only hammer dressed and
having comparatively thick joints. As far as possible,
Spandrel stones for rubble masonry shall be angular.
Space between the haunches
below the decking level. Chisel Drafted Margin
The dressing done with a drafting chisel in narrow strips of width
Surfacing or Dressing generally 2 to 5 cm. Chisel drafted margin shall be punch dressed.
of Stones
The stones are dressed to String Course
have different surfaces as A horizontal band, plain or moulded, usually projecting
indicated below. slightly from the face of wall.

Template or Bed Block Parapet

A block of stone or concrete A solid or pierced guard wall for flat stone terrace or
bedded on a wall to distribute balcony (or a bridge) or a curb wall at the lower part of
the pressure from a a pitched roof which is exposed to atmosphere on face
concentrated load. back and top.

Squared Back Surface Hammer Dressed Surface

Means the surface shall be A hammer dressed stone shall have no sharp and irregular
dressed back at right angles corners and shall have a comparatively even surface so as to fit
to the face of the stone. well in masonry. Hammer dressed stone is also known as
hammer faced, quarry faced and rustic faced. The bushing from
Self Faced Surfaces the general wall face shall not be more than 40 mm on exposed
face and 10 mm on faces to be plastered.
Surfaces of stone slabs used
for roofing, flooring, lintels
etc. as obtained from quarry.
Punched Dressed Surface Rock Faced Surface
A rough surface is further dressed by means of punch chisel to show series of A rock faced stone shall have a minimum of
parallel ridges. The depth of gap between the surface and a straight edge 25 mm wide chisel drafted margin at the four
held against the surface shall not exceed 3 mm. Punched dressed stones are edges, all the edges being in the same plane.
used where even surfaces are required.

Close Picked Surface

A punched stone is further dressed by means of point chisel so as to obtain a
finer surface, ridges or chisel marks left over being very tiny. The depth of gap
between the surface and a straight edge kept over the surface shall not
exceed 1.5 mm.
Polished Surface
Fine Tooled Surface Surfaces having a high gloss finish.
Close picked surface is further dressed so that all the projections are Polishing of stones shall be done by
removed and fairly smooth surface is obtained. The surfaces shall have 3 to rubbing them with suitable abrasive,
4 lines per centimetre width depending on the degree of hardness of stone wetting the surface where necessary with
and degree of fineness required. This type of dressing is commonly adopted water. Alternatively polishing of stones
for ashlar work. shall be done by holding them firmly on the
top of revolving table to which some
abrasive material like sand or
Rough Tooled Surface carborundum is fed. The final polishing
A rough tooled surface shall have a series of bands, made by means of a shall be performed by rubber or felt, using
plane chisel 4 to 5 cm wide, more or less parallel to tool marks all over the oxide of lime (called by trade name as
surface. These marks may be either horizontal, vertical or at an angle of 45° putty powder) as a polishing medium.
as directed. The edges and corners shall be square and true. The depth or
gap between the surface and straight edge, held against the surface shall
not be more than 3 mm (Rough tooled stones are used where fairly regular
plane faces are required for masonry work).

Moulded
Cut to profile of a moulding with punched dressed surfaces, unless otherwise specified.
RANDOM RUBBLE STONE MASONRY

Material
Stone
Specification:
• The stone shall be obtained from the quarries, approved by the Engineer-in-
Charge.
• Stone shall be hard, sound, durable and free from weathering decay. Stones
shall be defect free. (like cavities, cracks, flaws, sand holes, injurious veins)
• As far as possible stones shall be of uniform colour, quality or texture.
• Generally stone shall not contain crypst crystalline silica or chart, mica and
other deleterious materials like iron-oxide organic impurities etc.
• Stones with round surface shall not be used.
• The compressive strength of common types of stones shall be as per Table and
the percentage of water absorption shall generally not exceed 5% for stones
other than specified in Table 7.1. For laterite this percentage is 12%.

Maximum Water Absorption Minimum Compressive

Type of stone
Percentage by weight Strength kg./sq.cm.
Granite 0.5 1000
Basalt 0.5 400
Lime stone
0.15 200
(Slab & Tiles)
Sand stone
2.5 300
(Slab & Tiles)
Note 1: Test for compressive strength
Marble 0.40 500 shall be carried out as laid down in IS
1121 (Part I).
Quartzite 0.40 800
Note 2: Test for water absorption shall be
Laterite (Block) 12 35 carried out as laid down in IS 1124.
Size of Stones
The length of stones for stone masonry shall not exceed three times the height and the breadth on base shall not be greater than
three-fourth of the thickness of wall, or not less than 150 mm. The height of stone for rubble masonry may be upto 300 mm. The
selection and grading of stones for rubble masonry is largely done at site and the smaller stones are used in the hearting of wall.
• Random Rubble Masonry shall be uncoursed or brought to courses as specified. Uncoursed random rubble masonry shall be
constructed with stones of sizes as referred to in previous para and shapes picked up random from the stones brought from the
approved quarry. Stones having sharp corners or round surfaces shall, however, not be used.
• Random rubble masonry brought to the course is similar to uncoursed random rubble masonry except that the courses are
roughly levelled at intervals varying from 300 mm to 900 mm in height according to the size of stones used.
• Dressing
Each stone shall be hammer dressed on the face, the sides and the beds. Hammer dressing shall enable the stones to be
laid close to neighbouring stones such that the bushing in the face shall not project more than 40 mm on the exposed face.
(i) Face stone: At least 25% stones shall be headers tailing into the work at least 2/3rd the thickness of wall in
super structure masonry. Such stones shall not be less than 200 sq. cm in cross sections.
(ii) Hearting Stones: The hearting or interior filling of a wall face shall consist of rubble stones not less than 150
mm in any direction, carefully laid, hammered down with a wooden mallet into position and solidly bedded in
mortar. The hearting should be laid nearly level with facing and backing.
(iii) Quoin Stone: Quoin stone shall be less than 0.03 cum in volume.
(iv) Jamb stones: The jambs shall not be made with stones specified for quoins except that the stones which were
required to be provided at 1 metre centre to centre on both the exposed faces shall here be provided only on the
jamb and the length shall be equal to the thickness of the wallfor wall upto 60 cm and a line of headers shall be
provided for walls thicker than 60 cm as specified for bond.
• Courses
The masonry shall be carried out in regular courses of height
not exceeding 50 cm and masonry on any day will not be raised
more than 60 cm in height when using mortars having
compressive strength less than 20 kg./sq. cm at 28 days and
100 cm when using mortars exceeding this strength.
• Thickness of Joints
The joint thickness shall not exceed 30 mm at any point on the
face. Chips of the stone and spalls shall be wedged into seating
bed of face stones to avoid excessive bed thickness. No
pinning shall be allowed to avoid excessive joint thickness.
Mortar
The mortar used for joining shall be as specified.
Laying
Stone shall be laid on their natural bed and shall be solidly bedded full in mortar with
close joints, chips of stone spalls be wedged into the work wherever necessary. No
dry work or hollow spaces shall be allowed and every stone whether large or small
shall be carefully selected to fit snugly the interstices between the large stones.
Masonry shall be built breaking joints in all the three directions. Bond stone and
headers shall be properly laid into the work and shall be marked by the contractor with
white lead paint. The bond stones shall be provided as specified in para 7.1.8. The
masonry work in wall shall be carried up true to plumb or to specified batter. Random
rubble masonry shall be brought to the level courses at plinth, window sills, lintel and
roof levels. Levelling shall be done with concrete comprising of
one part of the mortar as used for masonry and two parts of
graded stone aggregate of 20 mm nominal size. The masonry
in structure shall be carried uniformly. Where the masonry of
one part is to be delayed, the work shall be raked back at an
angle not steeper than 45°.
• Raking Out Joints
All the joints on the faces to be pointed or plastered shall be
racked out with racking tool to a depth of 20mm while the mortar is still green.
Bond Stones
Though bond stones shall be provided in walls upto 600 mm thickness, a set of two or more bond
stones overlapping each other by at least 150 mm shall be provided in a line from face to back. In
case of highly absorbent types of stones (porous lime stone and sand stone etc.) the bond stone shall
extend about two-third into the wall, as through stones in such walls a set of two or more bond stones
overlapping each other by at least 150 mm shall be provided. Each bond stone or a set of bond
stones shall be provided for every 0.5 m2 of the wall surface and shall be provided at 1.5 m to 1.8 m
apart clear in every course. In case of highly absorbent types of stones (porous lime stone and sand
stone etc.) single piece bond stones may give rise to dampness. For all thicknesses of such walls a
set of two or more bond stones overlapping each other by at least 15 cm shall be provided. Length of
each such bond stone shall not be less than two-third of the thickness of the wall.
Where bond stones of suitable lengths are not available pre-cast cement concrete block of 1:3:6 mix
(1 cement : 3 coarse sand: 6 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) of cross section not less
than 225 square centimeters and length equal to the thickness. At least one bond stone or a set of
bond stones shall be provided at 1.5 m to 1.8 m apart clear in every course. (Bond stones shall be
marked suitably with paint as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge).
Quoin and Jamb Stones
The quoin and jamb stones shall be of selected stones neatly
dressed with hammer or chisel to form the required angle.
Quoin stones shall not be less than 0.01 cum in volume.
Height of quoins and jamb stones shall not be less than 15
cm. Quoins shall be laid header and stretcher alternatively.

Joints
Stones shall be so laid that all joints are fully packed with mortar
and chips. Face joints shall not be more than 20 mm thick.
The joints shall be struck flush and finished at the time of laying
when plastering or pointing is not to be done. For the surfaces to
be plastered or pointed, the joints shall be raked to a minimum
depth of 20 mm when the mortar is still green.
Scaffolding Curing
Single scaffolding having one set of vertical support Masonry work in cement or composite
shall be allowed. The supports shall be sound and mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all
strong, tied together by horizontal pieces, over which faces for a
the scaffolding planks shall be fixed. The inner end minimum period of seven days. In case of
of the horizontal scaffolding member may rest in a masonry with fat lime mortar curing shall
hole provided in the masonry. Such holes, however, commence two
shall not be allowed in pillars under one metre in days after laying of masonry and shall
width or near the skew back of arches. The holes left continue for at least seven days thereafter.
in masonry work for supporting scaffolding shall be
filled and made good with cement concrete 1 : 3 : 6
(1 cement : 3 coarse sand : 6 stone aggregate 20
mm nominal size).

Protection
Green work shall be protected from rain by suitable covering. The work shall also be suitably protected from damage, mortar
dropping and rain during construction.
Measurements

• The length, height and thickness shall be measured correct to a cm. The thickness of wall shall be measured at joints
excluding the bushing. Only specified dimensions shall be allowed; anything extra shall be ignored. The quantity shall be
calculated in cubic metre nearest to two places of decimal.
• The work under the following categories shall be measured separately.
(i) From foundation to plinth level (level one) :
(a) work in or under water and or liquid mud,
(b) work in or under foul positions.
(ii) Above plinth level and upto floor five level.
(iii) Above floor five level to every floor/floors or part thereof.
(iv) Stone masonry in parapet shall be measured together with the corresponding item in the wall of the storey
next below.
• No deduction shall be made nor extra payment made for the following :
(i) Ends of dissimilar materials (that is joists, beams, lintels, posts, girders, rafters purlins, trusses, corbels, steps
etc.) upto 0.1 sqm in section.
(ii) Openings each upto 0.1 sqm in area. In calculating the area of openings, any separate lintels or sills shall be
included alongwith the size of opening but the end portions of the lintels shall be excluded and the extra width of
rebated reveals, if any, shall also be excluded.
(iii) Wall plates and bed plates, and bearing of chajjas and the like, where the thickness does not exceed 10 cm
and the bearing does not extend over the full thickness of the wall.
Note: The bearing of floor and roof shall be deducted from wall masonry.
(iv) Drain holes and recesses for cement concrete blocks to embed hold fasts for doors, windows etc.
(v) Building in masonry, iron fixture, pipes upto 300 mm dia, hold fasts of doors and windows etc.
(vi) Forming chases in masonry each upto section of 350 sq cm. Masonry (excluding fixing brick work) in chimney
breasts with smoke of air flues not exceeding 20 sq dm (0.20 sq m) in sectional area shall be measured as solid
and no extra payment shall be made for pargetting and coring such flues. Where flues exceed 20 sq dm (0.20 sq
m) sectional area, deduction shall be made for the same and pargetting and coring flues shall be measured in
running metres stating size of flues and paid for separately. Aperture for fire place shall not be deducted and no
extra payment made for splaying of jambs and throating.
• Apertures for fire places shall not be deducted and extra labour shall not be measured for splaying of jambs, throating and
making arch to support the opening.
• Square or Rectangular Pillars: These shall be measured as walls, but extra payment shall be allowed for stone work in
square or rectangular pillars over the rate for stone work in walls. Rectangular pillar shall mean a detached masonry support
rectangular in section, such that its breadth does not exceed two and a half times the thickness.
• Circular Pillars (Columns): These shall be measured as per actual dimensions, but extra payment shall be allowed for
stone work in circular pillars over the rate for stone work in walls. The diameter as well as length shall be measured correct
to a cm.
• Tapered walls shall be measured net, as per actual dimensions and paid for as other walls.
• Curved Masonry: Stone masonry curved on plan to a mean radius exceeding 6 metres shall be measured and included
with general stone work. Stone work circular on plan to a mean radius not exceeding 6 metres shall be measured separately
and shall include all cuttings and waste and templates. It shall be measured as the mean length of the wall.

Rate
The rate shall include the cost of materials and labour required for all the operations described above and shall include the
following :
(a) Raking out joints for plastering or pointing done as a separate item, or finishing flush as the work proceeds.
(b) Preparing tops and sides of existing walls for raising and extending.
(c) Rough cutting and waste for forming gables cores, skew backs or spandrels of arches, splays at eaves and all rough
cutting in the body of walling unless otherwise specified.
(d) Bond stones or cement concrete bond blocks.
(e) Leading and making holes for pipes etc.
(f) Bedding and pointing wall plates, lintels, sills etc. in or on walls, bedding roof tiles and corrugated sheets in or on walls.
(g) Building in ends of joists, beams, lintels etc
COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY - FIRST SORT
• Stone: Shall be as specified in previous slides.
• Size of Stone: Shall be as specified in previous slides.
• Dressing:
Face stones shall be hammer dressed on all beds, and joints so as to give them approximately rectangular block shape.
These shall be squared on all joints and beds. The bed joint shall be rough chisel dressed for at least 80 mm back from
the face, and side joints for at least 40 mm such that no portion of the dressed surface is more than 6 mm from a
straight edge placed on it The remaining unexposed portion of the stone shall not project beyond the surface of bed and
side joint. The bushing on the face shall not project more than 40 mm as an exposed face and 10 mm on a face to be
plastered. The hammer dressed stone shall also have a rough tooling for minimum width of 25 mm along the four edges
of the face of the stone, when stone work is exposed.
• Mortar:
The mortar for jointing shall be as specified.
• Laying:
All stones shall be wetted before use. The walls shall be carried up truly plumb or to specified batter. All courses shall be
laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. The height of each course shall not be less than 15 cm
nor more than 30 cm.
Face stones shall be laid alternate headers and stretchers. No pinning shall be allowed on the face. No face stone shall
be less in breadth than its height and at least one third of the stones shall tail into the work for length not less than twice
their height.
The hearting or the interior filling of the wall shall consist of stones carefully laid on their proper beds in mortar; chips
and spalls of stone being used where necessary to avoid thick beds of joints of mortar and at the same time ensuring
that no hollow spaces are left anywhere in the masonry. The chips shall not be used below the hearting stone to bring
these upto the level of face stones. The use of chips shall be restricted to the filling of interstices between the adjacent
stones in hearting and these shall not exceed 10% of the quantity of stone masonry. The masonry in a structure shall be
carried up uniformly but where breaks are unavoidable, the joints shall be raked back at angle not steeper than 45°.
Toothing shall not be allowed.
• Bond Stones :
Shall be as specified in 7.1.8 except that a bond stone or a set of bond stones shall be inserted 1.5 to 1.8 metres apart,
in every course.
Quoins
The quoins shall be of the same height as the course in which these occur. These shall be at least 450 mm long and shall be laid
stretchers and headers alternatively. These shall be laid square on the beds, which shall be rough-chisel dressed to a depth of at
least 100 mm. In case of exposed work, these stones shall have a minimum of 25 mm wide chisel drafts at four edges, all the
edges being in the same plane.

Joints
All bed joints shall be horizontal and all side joints vertical. All
joints shall be fully packed with mortar, face joints shall not be
more than one cm thick. When plastering or pointing is not
required to be done, the joints shall be struck flush and
finished at the time of laying. Otherwise, joints shall be raked to a
minimum depth of 20 mm by
raking tool during the progress of work, when the mortar is still
green.
Curing, Scaffolding, Measurements and Rates
• Shall be as specified in previous slides.
COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY - SECOND SORT
Stone : Shall be as specified in previous slides.
Size of Stone : Shall be as specified in previous slides.
Dressing: Shall be as specified in previous slides, except
that no portion of dressed surface of joints shall show a depth
of gap more than 10 mm from a straight edge placed on it and
use of chips shall not exceed 15 per cent of the quantity of
stone masonry.
Mortar
The mortar for jointing shall be as specified.
Laying: Shall be as specified in previous slides, except that
the use of chips shall not exceed 15% of the quantity of stone
masonry and stone, in each course need not be of the same
height but not more than two stones shall be used in the height
of a course.
Bond Stone, Quoins: Shall be as specified in previous
slides respectively.
Joints
All bed joints shall be horizontal and all side vertical. All joints
shall be fully packed with mortar, face joints shall not be more
than 20 mm thick. When plastering or pointing is not required to
be done, the joints shall be struck flush and
finished at the time of laying. Otherwise, the joints shall be
raked to a minimum depth of 20 mm by raking tool during
progress of work, where the mortar is still green.
Curing, Scaffolding, Measurement and Rates. Shall
be as specified in previous slides.
PLAIN ASHLAR MASONRY
Material
Stone shall be of the type specified. It shall be hard, sound, durable and tough,
free from cracks, decay and weathering and defects like cavities, cracks, flaws,
sand holes, veins, patches of soft or loose materials etc. before starting the work,
the contractor shall get the stones approved by Engineer-in-Charge.
Kota Stone for Vineering
Kota stone shall be of selected quality, hard, sound, dense & homogeneous in
texture free from cracks, decay, weathering and flaws. They shall be machine cut
to requisite size and thickness. They shall be of colour indicated in the drawings or
as instructed by the Engineer-in-Charge. The stone shall have the top (exposed)
face polished before being brought to site unless otherwise specified. Before
starting the work, the contractor shall get the samples of kota stone approved from
the Engineer-in-Charge.
Dressing : Every stone shall be cut to the required size and shape and fine
machine dressed to the full depth so that a straight edge laid along the side of
stone shall be in full contact with it. The thickness of the slab after it is dressed
shall be 20, 25, 30 or 40 mm as specified in the item. Tolerance of ± 2 mm shall be
allowed for the thickness.
Red Sand Stone & White Sand Stone Ashlar Masonry
The stone shall be red or white as specified in the description of item. The stone
shall be hard, sound, tough, free from cracks, decay & weathering. In case of red
sand stone, white patches or streaks shall not be allowed. However scattered spots
upto 10 mm diameter will be permitted. Before starting the work the contractor shall
get samples of stone approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.

Size of Stone
Normally stones used should be small enough to be lifted and placed by hand. The length
of the stone shall not exceed three times the height and the breadth on base shall not be
greater than three-fourth of the thickness of wall nor less than 15 cm. The height of stone
may be upto 30 cm.
Dressing
Every stone shall be cut to the required size and shape chisel dressed on all beds and joints so as to be free from waviness and
to give truly vertical and horizontal joints. In exposed masonry, the faces that are to remain exposed in the final position and the
adjoining faces to a depth of 6 mm shall be the fine chisel dressed so that when checked with 60 cm straight edge, no point
varies from it by more than 1 mm. The top and bottom faces that are to form the bed joints shall be chisel dressed so that
variation from 60 cm straight edge at no point exceeds 3 mm. Faces which are to form the vertical joints should be chisel
dressed so that variation at any point with 60 cm straight edge does not exceed 6 mm. Any vertical face that is to come against
backing of masonry shall be dressed such that variation from straight edge does not exceed 10 mm. All angles and edges that
are to remain exposed in the final position shall be true, square and free from chippings.
A sample of dressed stone shall be prepared for approval of Engineer-in-Charge. It shall be kept at the worksite as a sample
after being approved.

Mortar
The mortar for jointing shall be as specified.
Laying
All stones shall be wetted before placing in position. These shall be floated on mortar and bedded properly in position with
wooden mallets without the use of chips or under pinning of any sort.
The walls and pillars shall be carried up truly plumb or battered as shown in drawings. All courses shall be laid truly horizontal
and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. In case of ashlar work without backing of brick work or coursed rubble masonry, face
stone shall be laid headers and stretchers alternately unless otherwise directed. The headers shall be arranged to come as
nearly as possible in the middle of stretchers above and below. Stone shall be laid in regular courses of not less than 30 cm in
height and all the courses shall be of same height, unless otherwise specified. For ashlar facing with backing of brick work or
coursed rubble masonry (See Fig. 7.11) face stone shall be laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers unless otherwise
directed. Face stone and bond stone course shall be maintained throughout. All connected masonry in a structure
shall be carried up nearly at one uniform level throughout, but where breaks are avoidable, the joint shall be made in good long
steps so as to prevent cracks developing between new and old work. Bond stone provided in the masonry shall be payable in the
item of Ashlar masonry. Neither any deduction will be made from the brick masonry for embedding the bond stone in the backing
nor any extra payment shall be made for any extra labour involved in making holes in brick masonry backing. When necessary,
jib crane or other mechanical appliances shall be used to hoist the heavy pieces of stones and place these into correct positions,
care being taken that the corners of the stone are not damaged. Stone shall be covered with gunny bags, before tying chain or
rope is passed over it, and it shall be handled carefully. No piece which has been damaged shall be used in work.
Bond Stones : Shall be as specified in previous slides.
Joints
All joints shall be full of mortar. These shall be not more than 6 mm thick. Face joints shall be uniform throughout and a
uniform recess of 20 mm depth from face shall be left with the help of the steel plate during the progress of work.
Pointing
All exposed joints shall be pointed with mortar as specified. The pointing when finished shall be sunk from stone face by 5
mm or as specified. The depth of mortar in pointing work shall not be less than 15 mm.
Curing
Masonry work in cement or composite mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all faces for a minimum period of seven
days. In case of masonry with fat lime mortar, curing shall commence two days after laying of masonry and shall continue
for at least seven days thereafter.
Protections
Green work shall be protected from rain by suitable covering. The work shall also be suitably protected from damage,
mortar dropping and rain during construction.
Scaffolding
Double scaffolding having two sets of vertical supports shall be provided. The supports shall be sound and strong, tied
together with horizontal pieces over which scaffolding planks shall be fixed.
Measurements
The finished work shall be measured correct to a centimetre in respect of length, breadth and height. The cubical contents
shall be calculated in cubic metre nearest to two places of decimal.
No deduction nor any extra payment shall be made for the following :
(i) Ends of dissimilar materials upto 0.1 sqm in section.
(ii) Openings upto 0.1 sqm in area. In calculating the area of opening, any separate lintels or sills shall be included
alongwith the size of the opening but the end portion of the lintels shall be excluded and extra width of rebated reveals, if
any, shall also be excluded.
(iii) Wall plates and bed plates and bearing of chajja and the like, where the thickness does not exceed 10 cm and the
bearing does not extend over the full thickness of the wall.
Note : The bearing of floor and roof slabs shall be deducted from wall masonry.
(iv) Drainage holes and recesses left for cement concrete blocks to embed hold-fasts for doors and windows, building in the
masonry iron fixture and pipes upto 300 mm diameter.
(v) Stone walling in chimney breasts, chimney stacks, smoke or air flues not exceeding 0.20 sqm in sectional area shall be
measured as solid and no extra measurement shall be made for pargetting and coring such flues. Where flues exceed 0.20
sqm in sectional area, deduction shall be made for the same and pargetting and coring flues paid for separately.
Square, Rectangular or Circular Pillars:
Shall be measured and paid for as walls, but extra payment shall be allowed for such pillars and columns over the rate
for stone work in walls. Rectangular pillars shall mean a detached masonry support, rectangular in section, such that its
breadth shall not exceed two and half times the thickness.
Curved Stone Work:
Stone work curved on a plan to a mean radius exceeding six metres shall be measured net and included with general
stone work. Stone work circular on a plan to a mean radius not exceeding six metres shall be measured separately and
extra payment shall be allowed and shall include all cutting and waste and templates. It shall be measured as the mean
length of wall.
Rate
The rate shall include the cost of materials and labour required for all the operations described above. Stone facing or
wall lining upto and not exceeding 8 cm thickness shall be paid for under “Stone work for wall lining etc. (Veneer work)”.
The stone work of thickness exceeding 8 cm shall be paid under relevant items of work.
PUNCHED ASHLAR (ORDINARY) MASONRY

Stone: Shall be as specified in Plain Ashlar Masonry. In case of red or white sand
stone, stone shall be red or white as specified in the item. In red sand stone, white
patches or streaks shall not be allowed. However, scattered spots upto 10 mm
diameter will be permitted.
Size of Stone : Shall be as specified in Plain Ashlar Masonry.
Dressing: Shall be as specified in Plain Ashlar Masonry except that the faces
exposed in view shall have a fine dressed chisel draft 2.5 cm wide all round the edges
and shall be rough tooled between the drafts, such that the dressed surface shall not
be more than 3 mm from a straight edge placed over it.
Other Details
The specifications for mortars, laying and fixing, bond stone, joints, pointing, curing,
protections, scaffolding, measurements and rates shall be same as specified in Plain
Ashlar Masonry.
LIST OF BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARD CODES

S. No. IS Code No. Subject

1 IS 737 Specifications for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy, steel and strip for general
engineering purpose.
2 IS 1121 - (Pt. I) Methods of determination of properties and strengths of natural building stones (Part-I
compressive strength).
3 IS 1122 Methods for determination of specific gravity of natural building stone
4 IS 1123 Methods of identification of natural building stones.
5 IS 1124 Methods of test of determination of water absorption, apparent, specific gravity and
porposity of natural building stones.
6 IS 1125 Methods of test of determination of weathering of natural building stone
7 IS 1126 Methods of test for determination of durability of natural building stone
8 IS 1128 Specification for Lime stone (Slab & Tiles).
9 IS 1129 Recommendations for dressing of natural building stones.
10 IS 1200 (Pt. IV) Methods of measurements of building and Civil engineering works stone Masonry.
11 IS 1197 (Pt. I) Code of practice for construction of rubble stone masonry
12 IS 1597 (Pt. II) Code of practice for construction of ashlar stone masonry
13 IS 1805 Glossary of terms relating to stones, quarrying and dressing
14 IS 3620 Specification for latrite stone block for masonry
15 IS 3622 Sand stone (Slab & Tiles)
16 . IS 4104 (Pt. I) Code of practice for external facings and veneers (Part I-Stone facing).
17 IS 4101 (Part II) Code of practice for external facing and veneers: (Part II-Cement Concrete facing).