Name: Kelsy Salazar
1. What are the four different kinds of human blood? Human blood is grouped into four types. A, B,
AB, and O. Each letter refers to a kind of antigen, or protein, on the surface of red blood cells
2. The blood type is determined by antigens (A or B) that are present or absent on the surface of red blood
cells. Humans normally produce antibodies against those antigens that are NOT on their red blood cells.
REMEMBER that blood type is based on antigens, not the antibodies, that a person possesses.
a. If someone has A antigens, what blood type are they? Type A blood has type A antigens on the
RBCs.
i. What antibody will they have? They produce anti- B antibodies.
b. If someone has B antigens, what blood type are they? Someone with type B antigens, has B
blood type
i. What antibody will they have? They produce anti- A antibodies.
c. If someone has neither A nor B antigens, what blood type are they? Someone that has neither A
and B antigens are type O.
i. What antibody will they have? Type O produces anti- A and anti- B antibodies.
d. If someone has both A and B antigens, what blood type are they? Someone with type A and
type B antigens, are AB blood type.
i. What antibody will they have? They have neither anti- A and anti- B antibodies.
Mixing blood types has serious consequences. For example, when type A blood is mixed with type B
blood, the antigens on the type A red blood cells react with the plasma proteins of type B blood. This
antibody-antigen reaction causes severe clumping (agglutination) of the red blood cells. Agglutination
tends to block blood vessels, resulting in brain and kidney damage and, ultimately, death. Those with type
O blood are called universal donors. Although blood type O contains plasma proteins against blood types
A, B it can be used in emergency transfusions as a donor to A, B, and AB blood types since the proteins
in this blood plasma become so diluted in the recipient’s plasma that the amount of agglutination does not
reach lethal levels. The O blood cells are not attacked by the anti-A and/or anti-B in the recipient because
the O cells do not contain any A or B antigens. Those with type AB blood are called universal recipients
since they have no plasma antibodies to react with the antigens found on A, B, and O types of red blood
cells.
1. How do you determine which blood type is suitable to be donated or received in a blood transfusion?
To determine which blood type is suitable to be donated or received in a blood transfusion. The blood
type of the recipient needs to be carefully matched to the blood type of the donor.
2. Explain why a blood transfusion must match a patient’s blood type.
A blood transfusion must match a patient’s blood type because the different blood types have different
types of antibodies, or proteins, released by the blood cells.
3. Assuming all blood types are equally common, people with what blood types would have the best and
worst odds of finding a donor?
The blood type with the best and worst odds of finding a donor is O blood type. The O are the purest,
especially O negative, the universal donors.
4. Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YhAuUZIoYo and write a short paragraph
based on its content (at least 5 sentences)
The short video was mainly talking about our blood. One of the first thing it mentioned was that usually
our blood type is classified into 8 types namely A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-,O+ and O-.This classification
is based on the presents, absents or combination of specific antigens in our red blood cells. If we have A
antigen then our blood type is A. If we have B antigen then our blood type is B. If we have both antigens
then our blood type is AB and lastly if we neither have A or B then our blood type is O. The use of these
blood types, our immune system produces antibodies against the antigens we don’t have. So during
transfusion if wrong blood is injected our antibodies will recognise the unknown antigens as and invader
and start attacking it. This can cause transfused blood to clot which can be potentially fatal. Why is blood
red? Our blood contains liquid called plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. However
the colour of our blood is basically because of red blood cells, each of the red blood cells contains
haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron rich in protein when haemoglobin bines with oxygen the interaction
between them gives our blood the red colour.
Ernie’s Exit- Blood Typing Lab Directions
Background:
A small pool of blood and a weapon was found near a garbage dumpster. After examining the area, the CSI
on the scene discovered a body in the garbage dumpster and identified him as Ernest “One-Eyed” Earl. Earl
had a wound to his chest that will be analyzed by the medical examiner. The CSI tested blood samples from
the blood pool and the weapon at the crime scene. It was determined that it was human blood, but he
needs to know the blood type to help identify if it was from the victim or the person who murdered him.
He has identified 3 suspects that either knew the victim or were seen in the area before the body was
discovered. He would like to question them furthur while he waits for DNA test results.
Use the following notes to determine the blood types and answer the questions under the conclusion
section below.
USE + OR – TO SHOW THE REST RESULTS FOR EACH
SAMPE AND THEN DETERMINE THE BLOOD TYPE.
Suspect 1= A+
Victim= O+
Suspect 2= B-
Victim= A+
Suspect 3= AB-
Victim= O+
RESULT
Victim weapon sample matches suspect#1 scene sample.
WHAT WOULD YOU DO NEXT IN THE INVESTIGATION?
Question suspect #1
