ICRIER’S

PROGRAM ON CAPACITY BUILDING & KNOWLEDGE

DISSEMINATION ON URBANIZATION IN INDIA

PREPARING FOR THE URBAN CHALLENGES OF THE

21ST CENTURY

SERVICE DELIVERY OF WATER AND SANITATION

- CHALLENGES FACED BY METROPOLITAN CITIES
(SURAT CITY)

FEBRUARY 06, 2013

Mr.Jatin Shah, City Engineer,

Surat Municipal Corporation
Surat : Water Supply System
Surat City

Tapi River
Growth of Surat City
Year Area in Population
 Historical Development Sq. Km
1951 8.18 223182
Of Surat Dates Back To
1961 8.18 288026
300 BC. 1971 33.85 471656
1981 55.56 776583
 Municipality Established 1991 111.16 1498817
In 1852 AD. 2001 112.27 2433785
2001* 326.51 2877241
 Municipal Corporation 2011 326.51 44.7 Lakhs
Formed In 1966.
Surat : City Expansion
 Unprecedented
growth in last four
decades.

 10-fold population
8 Municipality &
rise in last 4
27 Village
decades.
Panchayats

 3-fold increase in
area in 2006

 Now ranks the 8th

most populated
city in the country.
Water Supply – Present Status
 Source of Water: River Tapi
 Population covered under piped network*:- 94 %
(out of 47 Lacs present pop. of city)
 Present installed capacity of Intake Wells: 1463
MLD
 Present installed capacity of Water Works : 1178
MLD
 Present gross daily average water supply: 840
MLD
 Average Per capita Water Supply per day : 140
lpcd
 Total storage capacity of all WDS & WW: 653 ML
 Water Supply Grid Network
Water Works and WDS

11
PAL W.D.S

10

VESU-2 W.D.S

13
12 VESU-1 W.D.S
 Water Supply
Increase in water supply since year 1995

Est. Gross Av. %

Sr. Area
Year Population Daily Water Population
No. (Sq.Km.)
(Lacs) Supply (MLD) Coverage

1 1995 112.28 19.00 180 59

2 2000 112.28 24.00 440 88

3 2005 112.28 30.00 580 95

Area of city increased in year 2006 from 112.28 Sq.Km. to 326.51 Sq.km
780 domestic
2013
4 326.51 47.00 + 60 Industrial *94%
Present
= 840 MLD
* Remaining area to be covered by Dec., 2013
 Water Supply Master Plan

As per Water Supply Master Plan for Surat city

Year 2026 2041

Population 87.48 Lac 123.04 Lac

Projected Water
1682.63 MLD 2331.67 MLD
demand
Water Supply:
Increase in water supply Infrastructure
Present Ongoing/ Ultimate
Year 2013 tender works capacity
Year2013 Master Plan
Water Supply Components Year 2041
Cumulative capacity Increase

1 Intake wells (in MLD) 1463 2033 2425

2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 1178 1468 1678

3 UGSR Capacity (in ML) 624.7 680.9 726.7

4 ESR Capacity (in ML) 28.6 70.9 124.3

5 Distribution Network (in Km) 2750 3100 3400

 Preparing for Urban Challenges
in 21st Century – Water Supply
 Efficient Water Supply Management
 Water Quality Monitoring
 Operation and Maintenance practices
 Energy Efficiency and savings measures
 NRW Reduction initiatives
 Water Conservation
Efficient Water Supply Management

 Strict Water Quality compliance in adherence to

drinking water standard IS 10500
 Adequate water supply (meeting LPCD norms)
through effective O&M Practices
 Water conservation and IEC activities
 Optimum O&M Cost with
 Lowest production cost (Rs./KL)
 Reduced energy consumption level (KWH/ML)
 Loss reduction / control
 Effective Service Delivery in sustainable manner
 100% cost recovery
100% Cost Recovery

WATER SUPPLY
REVENUE INCOME V/S EXPENDITURE

10000
9000
8000
Rs. in Lacs

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011-
06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Revenue Income 0 3651.14 4388.58 4857.34 6109.16 6370.15 6906.67 9164.00
Revenue Expenditure 4330.39 5048.84 6302.59 6690.65 7105.16 7304.81 9016
YEAR

Revenue Income Revenue Expenditure

Water Quality Monitoring
Testing Parameters & Testing Frequency
Sr. Location Frequency Parameter Stage
Raw Water,
Round the pH, Turbidity, TDS, Free Residual Chlorine (FRC),
1 Treated / Supply Water
Clock Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
from Water Works
Raw Water, Treated
2 Hourly pH, Turbidity, Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)
Water
Generation pH, Turbidity, Colour Index, Taste, FRC, TDS, Alkalinity, Raw Water, Treated
3 Shift wise
(more than DO Water, Supply Water
445 samples)
pH, Turbidity, Colour Index, Taste, FRC, TDS, Alkalinity,
DO, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Iron, Fluoride, Ammonical Raw Water, Treated
4 Weekly
Nitrogen, Chloride, Chlorine Demand, BOD, COD, MPN Water, Supply Water
Index (17 parameters)
All heavy metals as per IS 10500 including above 17 Raw Water, Treated /
5 Quarterly
parameters Supply water
Twice in Supply water to
1 Turbidity, FRC
Supply hour consumer from WDS
WDS
(12 samples) pH, Turbidity, Colour Index, Taste, FRC, TDS, Alkalinity,
Supply water to
2 Weekly DO, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Iron, Fluoride, Ammonical
consumer from WDS
Nitrogen, Chloride, MPN Index (17 parameters)
Consumer
1 (more than Daily Odour, pH, TDS, Ammonical Nitrogen, FRC Consumer samples
660 samples)
Operation & Maintenance Practices
Installation of SCADA System at WTP

 Installed SCADA (Supervisory Control  Benefits of SCADA

and Data Acquisition) System at,
 Optimization in deployment of
 Intake well machinery operations
manpower
 Booster / Pump House in water works
 Remote monitoring and
 Water Treatment Plant – Plant unit control
operations  Reduction in overall
 250 MLD capacity WTP at Rander maintenance and in down
Water Works time, helps better inventory
 200 MLD capacity WTP at Sarthana management for spares,
Water Works consumables etc.
 150 MLD capacity WTP at Katargam  Rationalization in Utilization
Water Works of equipments / machineries
(Transformers, pump sets
 150 MLD capacity WTP at Sarthana
etc.)
Water Works
Operation & Maintenance Practices
Water Treatment Plants & Grid Network

 GRID System
 All Water Works and Water Distribution Stations are
interlinked
 Any water works can feed water to any water distribution
station
 Helped to restore entire water supply system within 36 hours
during the floods of August 2006
Energy Efficiency and savings
measures
 Installation of thyristor based APFC panels

 Coating for Energy Saving to various pumps

 Rationalisation of contract demand at WW/ WDS etc.

 Replacement of pumps and trimming of impellers of pumpsets at

various Water Works and Water Distribution Stations after energy
audit.

 Replacement of Zero Velocity Valve

 Re-engineering in Water Supply routes

 Various Energy Saving measures reduced specific energy
consumption in water supply (Specific Energy Consumption has
reduced from 355 KWH/ML to 279 KWH/ML)
Renewable Energy for Water Supply

Wind Power Generation:

• Installed 2nos. of 1.5 MW Wind Power Plant

at Village : Gosa, Dist.: Porbander

• Total Expected energy generation: - 6.40 GWH/ annum

• Total Expected energy saving : - Rs.2.83 Cr. per annum

• Total Capital Investment: - Rs.18.43 Cr.

• Total O & M cost up to 10 years: - Rs.3.76 Cr.

• Actual energy generated till Jan -2013: - 1.76 Crore Unit

• Effective energy saving till Jan -2013: - Rs. 8.48 Crore

Renewable Energy for Water Supply

Wind Power Generation:

(Expected to be commissioned by Feb 2013 End)

• 8.4 MW capacity Wind Power Plant

• Total Expected energy generation: -
1.72 Crore units/ annum
• Total Expected energy saving : -
Rs.7.4 Crore per annum
• Total Capital Investment: -
Rs.52.18 Crore
Energy Efficiency
Total Energy Savings in Water Supply

 Conventional energy efficiency measures, re-

engineering of water supply routes and wind
energy generation, the total savings have
reached a level of
 1.26 CroreKWH/ annum

 Rs. 5.96 Crores/ annum

 Energy Efficiency and savings measures -
Results
Water Supply (in MLD) Vs. Specific Energy Consumption
(kWH/ML)
900.00
836.42

800.00
789.10
744.53
710.46
689.81
700.00
655.31
(in Million Liters per Day)

596.94
600.00 567.09
Water Supply

514.33
500.00 478.58
454.60
406.13
400.00

300.00
355.99

349.08

343.98

334.81

200.00
316.95
316.03

305.04

291.78

285.07
280.43

279.88

279.17
100.00

0.00
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Energy Savings in Operation and Maintenance
Cost – Water Supply: FY 2011-12

 Total Energy Cost is

Depreciati
on, 18.2 Rs. 43.1 Crore
Others, 4.6
 Recurring Energy
Repairs & Raw Saving by all means
Electricity,
Maintenan Water
47.8 is Rs.5.96 Crore.
ce, 4.0 Charges
(Water  Hence, through
Cess),
3.3
energy savings
Wages &
Chemicals
measures, 13.83%
Salary,
17.7 & savings towards
Consumab
les , 4.4
Electricity cost is
realized
Total Annual O&M Cost : Rs.90.16 Crore
NRW reduction initiatives

• Establishment of NRW Cell- Tasks on

hand
• Planning for comprehensive Water Audit
• Flow measurement & Metering
• Generations (100% implemented) – Non contact
type – ultrasonic flow meters
• Distribution Stations (100% implemented) –
Electromagnetic flow meters
• Consumer metering
• Consumers having connection sizes more than 0.5” are
metered
• All Industrial connections are metered (Electromagnetic
 WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES

 Promoting Rain water harvesting system for ground

water recharging
 As per DCR – Gujarat, it is mandatory to install RWH in
all new development permission for High rise building and
plot area more than 4000 m2.
 Rebate scheme for Rain Water Harvesting
 Residential societies, apartments
 Industrial units
 Open plots
 Subsidy offered by SMC for People participation – 50%
of actual amount or Rs. 2000/- (whichever is less).
 SMC’s own premises/ buildings -198 Nos 6” to 8” dia.
RWH completed till date.
Water Conservation – IEC Activity

 IEC Activities related to Water Conservation

 Designing & Execution of campaign
 Awareness program for water conservation
 Seminar, Workshop
 Survey
Water Conservation – IEC Activity

 Imparting Education: Visit of

 School going Children to all water works on
continuous basis
 Colleges

 NGOs
 SLB – Water Supply
Target Vs. Achievement FY 2012-13 (Till Dec 2012)
Achievement Service
Target
Performance Indicator 2012-13 till Level
2012-13
Dec-2012 Benchmark

Coverage 93% 94.2% 100%

Per Capita Supply of Water 140 lpcd 140 lpcd 135 lpcd

Extent of Metering 5.8% 2.4% 100%

Can be known after Water
Extent of Non-revenue Water 15%
audit results.
Continuity of water supply 3.5 Hours 3.5 Hours 24x7

Eff. in redressal of customer

95% 98.5% 80%
complaints
Quality of Water Supplied 99.5% 99.9% 100%

Cost Recovery 100% 100% 100%

Eff. In Collection of Water Charges 88% 90% 90%

Water Supply : Challenges of 21st Century

 To reduce sole dependency on surface

source water, SMC has planned in the
direction of alternate source of water in
following ways;
 Construction of 2 Radial collecting wells in
river bed
 Construction of Balloon Barrage on the
downstream of existing weir on river Tapi to
create a water reservoir.
 Laying of pipeline from Kakrapar to Surat
Water Supply : Challenges of 21st Century

 To maintain the financial self sustainability

by 100% recovery of O&M Cost by;
 100% metering
 Creating public awareness for willingness to
pay for the service of water.
 Regular revision of water charges

 Reducing NRW & UFW below 20%

 Encouraging PPP model for comprehensive

O&M of 24x7 water supply system
Water Supply : Challenges of 21st Century

 To cope up with haphazard rapid urbanization on

the outskirts of the city;
 Comprehensive Water Supply Master Plan is
prepared for long term – up to year 2041
 Synchronized Water Supply Planning in Coordination
with Urban Development Authority for the area
surrounding the city.
 Better Water Supply Management by
 Utility Mapping in GIS (in progress)
 Phase-wise Implementation of 24x7 water supply
system
 Technological up-gradation like SCADA for whole
water supply system (presently it is already installed
at Water Works)
Surat : Sewerage System
 Sewerage Scenario in Surat
Year 2012-13 Year 2014
Coverage 149 sq. km. (i.e. 76 % of 204 sq.km. (i.e. 100 % of
present habitable area & present habitable area)
92 % of total Population)
Length of sewer 1428 km. ~ 1600 km.
network
Sewage Pumping 35 Nos (1483.78 MLD) 58 Nos (1949.98 MLD)
Stations
Sewage Treatment 9 Nos. (726.5 MLD) 12 Nos (992.50 MLD)
Plants
 Sewerage Zones and STPs

Total Existing Sewage Treatment Plants 9 nos.

Total Existing Capacity :726.5 MLD

STP Under Augmentation– 3 Nos. –150 MLD

STP Under Construction – 1 Nos.–66 MLD

STP Under Planning– 2 Nos.–53 MLD

Preparing for Urban Challenges
in 21st Century – Sewerage
 Sewage Treatment Plants : Utilization of Latest Technologies
 compliance with the Discharge Norms of GPCB for Sewage
Treatment
 Cost Effective Implementation : Sewage Pumping Station and
Rising (Pumping) Main
 Energy Efficiency Reforms
 Sewage Gas Based Power Plant
 Carbon Credit : Clean Development Mechanism
 SCADA and Automation
 PPP Initiatives
 Common Effluent Treatment Plant
 Wastewater Recycling Project
 Efficient O&M Practices for Sewerage System
Sewage Treatment Plants :
Utilization of Latest Technologies

Sr. Year of Capacity (MLD)

STP Location Process
No commission Design Utilizing
1 Anjana 1995 82.5 85 Conventional Activated Sludge
2 Bhesan 1995 100 70 Conventional Activated Sludge
3 Bhatar 1999 120+42 108 Conventional Activated Sludge+
SBR technology
4 Karanj 1999 100 98 Conventional Activated Sludge
5 Singanpore 2003 100+55 100 Conventional Activated Sludge+
SBR technology
6 Bamroli 2002 100 65 UASB + Extended Aeration
7 Asharma 2009 15 8 Moving Bed Bio Reactor
8 Khajod 2009 25 15 Moving Bed Bio Reactor
9 Variav-Kosad 2012 84 35 UASB + Moving Bed Bio Reactor
10 Dindoli Under 66 -- Conventional Activated Sludge
execution
TOTAL 726.5
584
+163
Sewage Pumping Stations

• Submersible Type Sewage Pumping Station

• Use of High Efficiency Sewage Submersible pumps

• Only Wet-Well is required – No Dry Well – Cost of Civil

Construction and construction time is reduce substantially
Green Energy Generation
Sewage Gas Based Power Plants

GAS SUCTION BLOWERS H2S SCRUBBER SYSTEM SEWAGE GAS HOLDER

ENGINE FEEDING BLOWER ENGINE-GENERATOR SET FLARE STACK

Initiatives

Sewage Gas Based Power Plant:

• First Sewage Gas to Electricity Generation at Anjana Sewage Treatment Plant of 0.5 MWe
capacity was set up in 2003.
• 3 another Sewage Gas based power plants each of 1 MWe capacity were commissioned in
2008.
• Additional two sewage gas based power plants each of 0.55 MWe and 0.75 MWe are installed
and on verge of commissioning.
• The total electricity generated till Dec 2012 from sewage gas is
• 3.87 Crore units
• worth Rs. 17.96 Crore
Carbon Credit:
• The proposal to get the carbon credit from 3 Sewage Gas Based Power Plant is approved by
Ministry of Environment & Forest and is under process for validation and project registration
at UNFCCC. It is estimated that the project would generate 58586 CER (Certified Emission
Reduction).
Energy Efficiency
Total Energy Savings in Sewerage System

 Through Energy efficiency measures and Green

Energy Generation through Sewage Gas has
resulted the total savings of
 68.7 Lac unit per annum

 Rs. 3.18 Crores/ annum

Initiatives

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

• On existing 23 SPS and 6 STPs at project cost of Rs. 33 cr.

• On line Data Monitoring and Controlling.
• Advance Planning for preventive maintenance and reduced
break down period
• On line electrical data to be used to improve energy
efficiency and energy audit
PPP Initiatives
PPP Initiatives
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)

• Estimated Cost : Rs. 119.00 Crores

• Project Components
• Wastewater Collection Network – 21 km
• Pumping Station - 140 MLD
• Conveyance Line - 3.5 km
• CETP - 100 MLD
• Public Private Partnership :
• Expenditure for Wastewater Collection Network, Pumping Station and
Conveyance line will be borne by SMC
• Expenditure for CETP will be borne by Pandesara Industries.
• Commissioned in January 2011

60
PPP Initiatives
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
• Effluent Pumping Station

• Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)

61
Initiatives – Waste Water Recycling Project

Tertiary Treatment Plant

• 40 MLD Industrial Grade Tertiary Treated Water supply to Industries
at Pandesara GIDC from Bamroli STP is under execution.
• Commissioning of this project will help to reduce the load on
drinking water resources.

Tertiary Pandesara WDS

Bamroli UGSR Pandesara
Treatment
STP Industrial Grade Users
Plant Water

Pandesara WDS
UGSR
Potable Use
Existing facility New Facility to be developed,
Rehabilitate, Maintain, Use maintained and used
Operation and Maintenance Cost – Sewerage System
FY 2011-12

O & M Cost Break-up in %  Total Energy Cost is

Others, 3 Rs. 23.50 Crore
Repairs &
Maintenance  Recurring Energy
, 14
Saving by all means is
Establishme Energy Rs.3.18 Crore.
nt, 19 charges, 51
 Hence, through
energy savings
Depreciation,
13 measures, 13.53%
savings towards
Electricity cost is
realized
Total O&M Cost : Rs.46.02 Crore
 SLB – Sewerage
Target Vs. Achievement FY 2012-13
Achievement
Target
Performance Indicator 2012-13 (till Benchmark
2012-13
Dec-12)

Coverage of Toilets 98% 92% 100%

Coverage of Sewerage Network 98% 92% 100%

Collection efficiency of Network 96% 100% 100%

Adequacy of Sewage Treatment 100% 100% 100%

Quality of Sewage Treatment 96% 92.28% 100%

Extent of reuse and recycling of

2.5% 2.29% 20%
Sewage
Efficiency in redressal of customer
95% 98% 80%
complaints
Cost Recovery 100% 95% 100%
Eff. In Collection of Sewage
88% 90% 90%
Charges
Sewerage: Challenges of 21st Century

 To cope up against the challenge of rapid

urbanization; following points are planned;
 No disposal of sewage to be allowed in open gutter/
Nallah /ground by covering 100% city area under
sewage network.
 Reuse & Recycle of sewage (zero disposal concept)
 Protection of water bodies/ ground water against
pollution
 Conservation of ground water quality & quantity
 Controlled generation of sewage by imposing sewage
tax
 To enhance public awareness about ill-effects of open
defecation
Sewerage: Challenges of 21st Century

 To cope up with haphazard rapid

urbanization on the outskirts of the city;
 Comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan is
being prepared for long term – up to year
2044.
 SynchronizedPlanning in Coordination with
Urban Development Authority.
Thank You