CHN Lec
2yr - 1st sem, Finals
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION
➢ EPI was established in 1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have access to
routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines
➢ Reducing the morbidity and mortality among
children against the most common
vaccine-preventable diseases
➢ Supporting Legislation:
➙ R.A. 10152, also known as Mandatory
Infants and Children Health
Immunization Act of 2011
➙ R.A. 7846 provided for compulsory
immunization against hepatitis B for
infants and children below 8 years old
❖ Specific Goals of EPI
1. To immunize all infants/children
against the most common
vaccine-preventable diseases.
2. To sustain the polio-free status of the
Philippines.
3. To eliminate measles infection.
Presidential Proclamation No. 4, s.
1998 launched the Philippine Measles
Elimination Campaign (Office of the
President, 1998).
4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal
tetanus. Presidential Proclamation No.
1066, s. 1997 declared a national
neonatal tetanus elimination campaign
starting 1997 (Office of the President,
1997).
5. To control diphtheria, pertussis,
hepatitis B and German measles.
6. To prevent extra pulmonary
tuberculosis among children.
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Contraindications to Immunization
➢ In general, there are no contraindications to
immunization of a sick child if the child is well
enough to go home
➢ Absolute contraindications – DO NOT GIVE:
➙ Pentavalent vaccine/DPT to
↳ children over 5 years of age
(DOH, 2003a);
↳ a child with recurrent
convulsions or another active
neurological disease of the
central nervous system (WHO,
2005a);
Maintaining the Potency of EPI Vaccines
➢ Pentavalent vaccine 2 or 3/DPT 2 or DPT 3 to
To be potent, vaccines must be properly stored, handled
a child who has had convulsions or shock
and transported
within 3 days of the most recent dose (WHO,
1. Maintain the Cold Chain
2005a);
- The cold chain is a system for ensuring
➢ Rotavirus vaccine when the child has a history
the potency of a vaccine from the time
of hypersensitivity to a previous dose of the
of manufacture to the time it is given to
vaccine, intussusceptions or intestinal
an eligible client
malformation, or acute gastroenteritis (DOH,
- In RHU, PHN is the Cold Chain
2012b); and
Officer
➢ BCG to a child who has signs and symptoms of
2. Observe the first expiry-first out (FEFO) policy
AIDS or other immune deficiency conditions or
3. Comply with recommended duration of storage
who are immunosuppressed (DOH, 2003a).
and transport
4. Take note if the vaccine container has a vaccine
EPI Recording and Reporting
vial monitor (VVM) and act accordingly.
➢ Accomplished using the Field Health Service
- The VVM is a round disc of
Information System (FHSIS)
heat-sensitive material placed on a
1. Fully immunized children (FIC)
vaccine vial to register cumulative heat
a. BCG
exposure
b. 3 doses of OPV
5. Abide by the open-vial policy of the DOH
c. 3 doses of DPT
6. Reconstitute freeze-dried vaccines ONLY with
d. hepatitis B vaccine or 3 doses of
the diluents supplied with them
Pentavalent vaccine
7. Discard reconstituted freeze-dried vaccines six
e. one dose of anti-measles vaccine before
hours after reconstitution or at the end of the
reaching one year of age
immunization session, whichever comes sooner
2. Completely immunized children
8. Protect BCG and Rotavirus vaccine from
- completed their immunization schedule
sunlight
at the age of 12 to 23 months
9. Protect OPV and Measles vaccine from heat
3. Child protected at birth (CPAB)
- is a term used to describe a child whose
mother has received
a. 2 doses of tetanus toxoid during this
pregnancy, provided that the second
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dose was given at least a month prior to
delivery, OR
b. at least 3 doses of tetanus toxoid
anytime prior to pregnancy with this
child
Overview of Integrated Management Of
Childhood Illness (IMCI)
➢ (IMCI) strategy offers simple and effective
methods for child survival, healthy growth and
development and is based on the combined
delivery of essential interventions at
community, health facility and health systems
levels
➢ IMCI process includes preventive as well as
curative measures to address the most common
conditions that affect young children
IMCI Case Management
➢ IMCI clinical guidelines are meant to be used
by the health worker in the management of sick
children from age 1 week up to 5 years
➢ IMCI case management process involves the
following elements: ASSESS, CLASSIFY,
IDENTIFY, TREAT, COUNSEL and
FOLLOW-UP
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