COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION • VIRTUAL INTERACTION -

Communicating via online setting to other

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? people that does not necessarily required in
face-to-face interactions.
•Globalization is the integration of markets, trade, and
investments with few barriers to slow the flow of •CULTURAL AWARENESS IN SPEECH -
products and services between nation (Gray, 2017). Two people are speaking the same language,
cultural differences can affect vocabulary,
•Globalization is the increasing economic, political,
colloquial expression, voice tone, and taboo
and cultural interconnectedness and interdependence
topics.
of diverse cultures (Gamble and Gamble, 2013) .
•CULTURAL AWARENESS IN BODY
HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION AND
LANGUAGE -To understand acceptable
COMMUNICATION
speaking distances, conflict styles, eye contact,
 1830 - The Telegraph: electric communication and posture in different cultures, accepting that
via transatlantic underwater cables the physical expressions of their own culture
 1843 - Washington and Baltimore connected are not universally accepted.
 1865 - Britain and India connected
•TIME DIFFERENCES -The need to
 1870 - Europe linked to a larger part of the communicate and share information with
world peopleacross several time zones.
 1924 - King George V sent a message to
himself that circulated the globe in 80 sec. USES OF SOCIAL MEDIA (RICHMAN)
 19th century - emergence of global news
network •Communication
•News over large territories •Cause support
•Global in pace •Competitions
•Reached big audience •Communication research
•Connection
DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION •Client service
•Community Service
 CULTURAL -This refers to the increase in
the amount of cultural flows across the globe. THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON
Media becomes the prime mover of sharing GLOBAL COMMUNICATION (According to
and resharing of culture shaping and re- Danev, 2017)
shaping of culture. •AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION -
 SOCIAL -Refers to the impact of The view that with the spread of businesses
globalization on the life and work of people, delivering internet, satellite television, and
on their families, and their societies. mobile services, the cost of such information
 ECONOMIC -Refers to the extensive technologies dropped. The decreased price
development of economic relations across the makes it easier for people across the worldto
globe as a result of technology and the make use of the World Wide Web and the
enormous flow of capital that has stimulated resources available.
trade in both sources and goods. •BUSINESS CONDUCT -Long distance
 POLITICAL -This refers to the enlargement travels are no longer necessary for business
and strengthening political interrelations people as they require a meeting with a
across the globe.Setting up international business partner overseas. Internet technology
organizations such as the UN, , which debates makes it possible to exchange business
and regulate international politics and trade, is information and conduct video conferences.
an example of this type of globalization. •SOCIAL AWARENESS -Information
technology and networks enable them to share
THE IMPACT OFGLOBALIZATION ON opinions, views, work on projects and research
COMMUNICATION different areas. These are among the main
 reasons why the process of globalization is How do we connect Intercultural Communication
creating a sense of a global society. in Local & Global Communication in Multicultural
•THE PROBLEM -Despite its quick spread Settings??
and continuous development, global
communication has not reached the majority •Understanding cultural differences
of people on all continents. It is at least 70% of •Building relationships
all people in Africa will never make a single
phone call or use internet. •Enhancing cooperation

•Bridging the gap

Local and Global Communication in Multicultural
Settings •Resolving conflicts

What is Communication? How do we connect Intercultural Communication

in Local & Global Communication in Multicultural
•Sharing of information, ideas, and messages between Settings??
two or more people.
• It plays a vital role in promoting understanding,
What is Local Communication? respect, and harmony among individuals from diverse
backgrounds. It connects people as neighbors rather
•Being able to communicate with the members of your than strangers, fostering a sense of unity in our global
local area. • village.
What is Local Communication? Forms of Intercultural Communication
•The development and sharing of information, through •Interracial Communication - communicating with
verbal and non-verbal messages, in international people from different races.
settings and contexts.
•Interethnic Communication - interacting with people
What is Culture? from different ethnic origin.
•According to Martin & Nakayama (2010), culture is •International Communication - communicating
defined as the “learned patterns and attitudes shared by between representatives from different nations.
a group of people.
•Intracultural Communication - interacting with
•Geert Hofstede (1984), a noted social psychologist, members of the same racial or ethnic group or co-
said that culture is “the programming of the mind.” culture.
What do you mean by multicultural settings? Communication Styles (Gamble & Gamble, 2008)
•Multicultural refers to a society that contains several •High-context Communication - tradition-linked
cultural or ethnic groups. People live alongside one communication system which adheres strongly to
another, but each cultural group does not necessarily being indirect.
have engaging interactions with each other.
•Low-context Communication - system that works on
CULTURAL DIVERSITY straightforward communication.
•Cultural diversity is about appreciating that society is Potential Areas for Misinterpretation in
made up of many different groups with different Intercultural Communication AJ Schuler (2003)
interests, skills, talents and needs.
•Miscommunication in a cross-cultural setting can be
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION minimized if one is aware of the different cultures in
•Intercultural communication is a symbolic, each areas wherein misinterpretation can occur.
interpretive, transactional, contextual process, in which •Opening and Closing conversations – Opening a
people from different cultures create shared meanings. conversation involves initiating contact and setting the
(Lustig & Koester, 2007:46)
tone, while closing it involves bringing the interaction 3. Increase your knowledge of other people
to an end in a polite and conclusive manner.
4. Stay motivated and look after yourself
•Taking turns during conversations – it is the
practice of individuals taking alternating speaking 5. Take time to become aware of your
roles. emotions.

•Interrupting – occurs when one person interjects or Strive to acquire communication skills necessary in
speaks out of turn, disrupting the current speaker. a multicultural world •Communicating effectively in
a multicultural society helps improve relationships by
•Using silence – it can be interpreted in many ways facilitating two-way conversations, which in turn,
depending on the culture someone is interacting in. foster mutual understanding between people of diverse
background.
•Using appropriate topics of conversation –
appropriateness of topics can be misinterpreted in a CONCLUSION
conversation depending on the situation or culture that
one is in. •Using humor – humor can be a double- Culture can determine how information is
edged sword, especially in intercultural processed
communication where potential areas of •Culture means much more; it encompasses various
misinterpretation are numerous. attitudinal and behavioral dimensions such as values,
•Knowing how much to say – in some culture, being beliefs, expectations, norms, etc.
direct and straightforward is valued, while in others, Communication in Local and Global Setting
being indirect and polite is preferred.
•Local communication is being able to communicate
• Sequencing elements during a conversation – in with the members of your local area while in global
intercultural communication, different cultures have communication is the term used to describe ways to
different expectations about how conversations should connect, share, relate and mobilized across geographic,
be sequenced. political, economic social and cultural divides.
How to Improve Intercultural Communication Communicating within the influence of individual
Competence (Gamble & Gamble, 2008) cultures.
•Recognize the validity and differences of •When you adapt to various cultural norms, you put
communication styles among people. the other person at ease, better facilitate open
•Learn to eliminate personal biases and prejudices. conversation, become more productive as a team, and
communicate more effectively overall.
•Strive to acquire communication skills necessary in a
multicultural world.

Recognize the validity and differences of EVALUATING MESSAGES AND/OR IMAGES

communication styles among people. •When meeting OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS
someone for the first time, there are 3 things to do: REFLECTING DIFFERENT CULTURES

1. Ask Question WHAT ARE MEDIA MESSAGES?

2. Observe Reaction •contain information and ideas that are shared to a

large audience of people.
3. Listen Actively
•may become agents of misinformation if not reviewed
Learn to eliminate personal biases and prejudices correctly.

•To avoid decision-making biases: WHY DO WE EVALUATE MESSAGES?

1. Be humble •It is to ensure that the ideas presented are accurate,

relevant, and appropriate.
2..Question your opinions
•To identify strength and weaknesses of the message. CULTURAL TEXT -encompass a wide range of
objects, actions, and behaviors that convey cultural
STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING A MESSAGE significance. This includes not only visual items like
photos but also food, clothing, spaces, people,
•SIMPLICITY -we should ask ourselves two
interactions, rituals, and rules. Ethnographers and
questions:
writers can study and analyze these aspects as they
- is the purpose evident
contain valuable cultural information that goes beyond
- is the core message clear?
their surface appearances.
•SPECIFICITY -choices of language is specific we
may ask ourselves: DETECTING BIAS IN THE MEDIA
- is language specific?
- is language concrete, rather than •Media bias is ubiquitous (everywhere) and not easy to
abstract? detect. It is always useful to compare several sources
- does it use words which have of information and, in doing so, it becomes clear that
additional meanings and could media coverage is never completely objective.
perhaps be mis constructed? •Media have tremendous power in setting cultural
•STRUCTURE -Ideas should be organized and easy guidelines and in shaping political discourse. It is
to follow. essential that news media, along with other
•STICKINESS -The messages should display institutions, are challenged to be fair and accurate.
coherent and unity of ideas.
EVALUATING IMAGES
EDUCATION DETECTING BIAS IN THE
•It is important to critically evaluate images you use MEDIA
for research. Study and presentation images should be
evaluated like any other source, such as journal articles • Bias by Commission -For every news story
or books, to determine their quality, reliability, and that is selected, there are many others that are
appropriateness. Visual analysis is an important step in left out. Do the news stories you see show a
evaluating an image and understanding its meaning. balanced view of real life? What are the
characteristics they have in common? (e.g.,
ANALYZING THE TEXT OR IMAGES: Are they mostly about violence, famous
people, wealth?) Do some news sources
• Content Analysis include items that are ignored by others?
• Visual Analysis • Bias by Emphasis -What stories are on the
• Image Source front page or “at the top of the hour?” Which
• Technical Quality stories get the largest headlines, or the first and
• Contextual Information longest coverage on TV or radio? Consider
TO EVALUATE MESSAGES AND IMAGES OF how this placement influences people’s sense
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXT REFLECTING of what is important.
DIFFERENT CULTURE THE FOLLOWING • Bias by Use of Language -The use of labels
SHOULD DO: such as terrorist,” “revolutionary,” or
“freedom fighter” can create completely
1. Understand how the specified cultures live.
different impressions of the same person or
2. How the people in the specified group
event.
communicate each other.
• Bias in Photos -Unflattering pictures can
3. Learn the symbolism of their culture.
create bad impressions, and partial pictures of
4. Be aware in every detail such as artifact,
scenes can completely change the context of
language, and symbolism.
an event.
5. Get the meanings being addressed by the
• Bias in the Source -An article about a cure
images
for cancer written by a drug company is not
6. Get the important elements conveyed by the
the same as an article by an independent
images
researcher. Often, private companies,
7. Getting the audience for the images
governments, public relations firms, and
political groups produce press releases to gain
media exposure and to influence the public.
 • Bias by Headlines -Some headlines can be
deceptive, as their main purpose is to grab
attention. Many people read only the
headlines, which can create a distorted sense
of what is really going on, or turn a non-event
into a sensational event.
• Bias by Repetition -The repetition of a
particular event or idea can lead people to
believe that it is true, very widespread, and
much more important than it really is.
• Bias in Number and Statistics -Statistics
need to be interpreted; they are often used to
create false impressions. Of the following
statements, which statistic would you use to
try to convince someone that the death penalty
is a good idea? -Almost 30% of those
surveyed support the death penalty. -More
than 70% of those surveyed are against the
death penalty.
• Bias in Diversity -It is a form of
unconscious bias, which occurs when someone
unconsciously attributes certain attitudes and
stereotypes to a group of people.
• Bias in Point of View -it unfairly prejudices
the result in favour of one person or group.

5 TYPES OF TEXTS
1. NARRATI -text that tells a story or
describes a sequence of events.
2. DIRECTIVE -are concerned with concrete
future activity and it is also an order or
direction issued for other by an authority.
3. DESCRIPTI -a text that explains what a
person, place, or thing is like, often providing
a visual experience through the use of
adjectives and adverbs.
4. EXPOSITORY -also known as
informational texts, are non-fiction texts that
give facts and information about a topic.
5. ARGUMENTATIVE - is one of the most
common types of text and is characterized by
trying to persuade the reader of an idea by
providing arguments.
6. DIRECTI -also known as informational
texts, are non-fiction texts that give facts and
information about a topic.